CD215+ Myeloid Cells Respond to Interleukin 15 Stimulation and Promote Tumor Progression.

Interleukin 15 (IL-15) regulates the development, survival, and functions of multiple innate and adaptive immune cells and plays a dual role in promoting both tumor cell growth and antitumor immunity. Here, we demonstrated that the injection of recombinant human IL-15 (200 µg/kg) or murine IL-15 (3 µg/kg) to tumor-bearing NOD- (NSI) mice resulted in increased tumor progression and CD45+ CD11b+ Gr-1+ CD215+ cell expansion in the tumors and spleen. In B16F10-bearing C57BL/6 mice model, we found that murine IL-15 has antitumoral effect since the activation and expansion of CD8+ T cells with murine IL-15 treatment.

CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Deletion of Foxn1 in NOD/SCID/IL2rg Mice Results in Severe Immunodeficiency.

Immunodeficient mice engrafted with either normal or cancerous human cells are widely used in basic and translational research. In particular, NOD/SCID/IL2rg mice can support the growth of various types of human cancer cells. However, the hairs of these mice interfere with the observation and imaging of engrafted tissues.

PSCA and MUC1 in non-small-cell lung cancer as targets of chimeric antigen receptor T cells.

In recent years, immunotherapies, such as those involving chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, have become increasingly promising approaches to non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment. In this study, we explored the antitumor potential of prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA)-redirected CAR T and mucin 1 (MUC1)-redirected CAR T cells in tumor models of NSCLC. First, we generated patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models of human NSCLC that maintained the antigenic profiles of primary tumors.

Incorporation of a hinge domain improves the expansion of chimeric antigen receptor T cells.

Background: Multiple iterations of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) have been developed, mainly focusing on intracellular signaling modules. However, the effect of non-signaling extracellular modules on the expansion and therapeutic efficacy of CARs remains largely undefined.

Methods: We generated two versions of CAR vectors, with or without a hinge domain, targeting CD19, mesothelin, PSCA, MUC1, and HER2, respectively.

Anti-GPC3-CAR T Cells Suppress the Growth of Tumor Cells in Patient-Derived Xenografts of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Background: The lack of a general clinic-relevant model for human cancer is a major impediment to the acceleration of novel therapeutic approaches for clinical use. We propose to establish and characterize primary human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) xenografts that can be used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of adoptive chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells and accelerate the clinical translation of CAR T cells used in HCC.

Methods: Primary HCCs were used to establish the xenografts.