Chiral Nanostructures from Artificial Helical Polymers: Recent Advances in Synthesis, Regulation, and Functions.

Helical structures such as right-handed double helix for DNA and left-handed α-helix for proteins in biological systems are inherently chiral. Importantly, chirality at the nanoscopic level plays a vital role in their macroscopic chiral functionalities. In order to mimic the structures and functions of natural chiral nanoarchitectures, a variety of chiral nanostructures obtained from artificial helical polymers are prepared, which can be directly observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

Large-Scale Plasma Proteomics Improves Prediction of Peripheral Artery Disease in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Objective: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a significant complication of type 2 diabetes (T2D), yet the association between plasma proteomics and PAD in people with T2D remains unclear. We aimed to explore the relationship between plasma proteomics and PAD in individuals with T2D, and assess whether proteomics could refine PAD risk prediction.

Research Design And Methods: This cohort study included 1,859 individuals with T2D from the UK Biobank.

P-Dopant with Spherical Anion for Stable n-i-p Perovskite Solar Cells.

Li-TFSI/t-BP is the most widely utilized p-dopant for hole-transporting materials (HTMs) in state-of-the-art perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, its nonuniformity of doping, along with the hygroscopicity and migration of dopants, results in the devices that exhibit limited stability and performance. This study reports the use of a spherical anion of the p-dopant, regulated by its radius and shape, as an alternative to the linear TFSI- anion.

π-PrimeNovo: an accurate and efficient non-autoregressive deep learning model for de novo peptide sequencing.

Peptide sequencing via tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is essential in proteomics. Unlike traditional database searches, deep learning excels at de novo peptide sequencing, even for peptides missing from existing databases. Current deep learning models often rely on autoregressive generation, which suffers from error accumulation and slow inference speeds.

Nano-seeding catalysts for high-density arrays of horizontally aligned carbon nanotubes with wafer-scale uniformity.

In the realm of modern materials science, horizontally aligned carbon nanotube arrays stand as promising materials for the development of next-generation integrated circuits. However, their large-scale integration has been impeded by the constraints of current fabrication techniques, which struggle to achieve the necessary uniformity, density, and size control of carbon nanotube arrays. Overcoming this challenge necessitates a significant shift in fabrication approaches.

Aggregation-Induced Emission Luminogens Realizing High-Contrast Bioimaging.

A revolutionary transformation in biomedical imaging is unfolding with the advent of aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens). These cutting-edge molecules not only overcome the limitations of traditional fluorescent probes but also improve the boundaries of high-contrast imaging. Unlike conventional fluorophores suffering from aggregation-caused quenching, AIEgens exhibit enhanced luminescence when aggregated, enabling superior imaging performance.

Neuronal Tracing and Visualization of Nerve Injury by a Membrane-Anchoring Aggregation-Induced Emission Probe.

Deciphering neuronal circuits is pivotal for deepening our understanding of neuronal functions and advancing treatments for neurological disorders. Conventional neuronal tracers suffer from restrictions such as limited penetration depth, high immunogenicity, and inadequacy for long-term and imaging. In this context, we introduce an aggregation-induced emission luminogen (AIEgen), MeOTFVP, engineered for enhanced neuronal tracing and imaging.

Conference 2024: Building an innovative scientific research ecosystem for microbiome and One Health.

The Conference 2024 provides a platform to promote the development of an innovative scientific research ecosystem for microbiome and One Health. The four key components - Technology, Research (Biology), Academic journals, and Social media - form a synergistic ecosystem. Advanced technologies drive biological research, which generates novel insights that are disseminated through academic journals.

Salvianic acid A ameliorates atherosclerosis through metabolic-dependent anti-EndMT pathway and repression of TGF-β/ALK5 signaling.

Background: Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) has been identified as a key factor to the initiation and progression of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (AS). Salvianic acid A (SAAS) is the primary water-soluble bioactive ingredient found in Salvia miltiorrhiza, is renowned for its therapeutic effects on cardiovascular diseases. However, the efficacy and mechanisms of SAAS in treating EndMT-induced AS remain underexplored.

Roles of blood monocytes carrying TREM2 mutation in pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and its therapeutic potential in APP/PS1 mice.

Introduction: The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) arginine-47-histidine (R47H) mutation is a significant risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) with unclear mechanisms. Previous studies focused on microglial amyloid-β (Aβ) phagocytosis with less attention on the impact of TREM2 mutation on blood monocytes.

Methods: Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) models were used to assess the contribution of blood monocytes carrying TREM2 mutation to AD.

Targeting OAS3 for reversing M2d infiltration and restoring anti-tumor immunity in pancreatic cancer.

Abundant infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) within the tumor stroma plays a pivotal role in inducing immune escape in pancreatic cancer (PC). Lactate serves as a direct regulator of macrophage polarization and functions, although the precise regulation mechanism remains inadequately understood. Our study revealed that PC cells (PCs) promote macrophage polarization toward M2d through high lactate secretion.

Global burden and trends of testicular cancer in adolescents and young adults from 1990 to 2021, with predictions to 2035.

Testicular cancer predominantly affects adolescents and young adults (AYAs) aged 15-39 years. This study analyzed the global, regional, and national burden of testicular cancer among AYAs (1990 to 2021). Data from the Global Burden of Disease study was used to calculate age-standardized rates of incidence (ASIR), prevalence (ASPR), and disability-adjusted life years (ASDR).

A Novel Approach Using LuxSit-i Enhanced Toehold Switches for the Rapid Detection of .

() is a significant concern, as it can cause severe infections and hemolytic trauma. Given its prevalence in seawater and coastal seafood, it poses a substantial risk as a foodborne pathogen. Biosensor-based detection technology has been continuously evolving, and toehold switches have emerged as a promising area within it, especially in the detection of RNA viruses.

AMBWO: An Augmented Multi-Strategy Beluga Whale Optimization for Numerical Optimization Problems.

Beluga whale optimization (BWO) is a swarm-based metaheuristic algorithm inspired by the group behavior of beluga whales. BWO suffers from drawbacks such as an insufficient exploration capability and the tendency to fall into local optima. To address these shortcomings, this paper proposes augmented multi-strategy beluga optimization (AMBWO).

[Luteolin inhibits proliferation of lung cancer A549 cells by increasing ROS production and inhibiting the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and HO-1 expression].

Objectives: To investigate the mechanism of luteolin for inhibiting proliferation of lung cancer A549 cells.

Methods: A549 cells treated with different concentrations of luteolin for 48 h were evaluated for changes in cell viability, proliferation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis using MTT assay, plate cloning assay, EdU staining, DCFH-DA assay and Hoechst33258 staining. The changes in cell autophagy were examined with MDC staining, and the expressions of apoptosis-related proteins (Bax, Bcl-2, and cleaved caspase-9), autophagy-related proteins (LC3B, Beclin 1, and P62), AKT/mTOR pathway proteins, and HO-1 protein were detected using Western blotting.

Microcystin-LR induces neuronal damage through mitophagy defects resulted from the downregulated transcription of Scd2 by directly targeting IGF-1R.

Microcystin-LR (MC-LR), a prevalent cyanotoxin present in hazardous cyanobacterial blooms, is recognized as a neurotoxic environmental pollutant that induces brain damage and neurobehavioral deficits. However, the mechanisms underlying MC-LR-induced neurotoxicity remain unclear. This study aims to elucidate the role of mitophagy in MC-LR-induced neurotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo.

Construction and Optimization of Engineered for Synthesis of Phloretin and Its Derivatives.

Phloretin and its derivatives are dihydrochalcone compounds with diverse pharmacological properties and biological activities, offering significant potential for applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Due to their structural similarity to flavonoids, their extraction and isolation were highly challenging. Although the biosynthesis of phloretin via three distinct pathways has been reported, a systematic comparison within the same host has yet to be conducted.

Nuclear receptor 4A1 facilitates complete Freund's adjuvant-induced inflammatory pain in rats by promoting ferroptosis in spinal glial cells.

Glial cell-induced neuroinflammation in the spinal cord is the critical pathology underlying complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced inflammatory pain. Previously, we showed that spinal glial cells undergo ferroptosis after CFA injection, which may contribute to the development of neuroinflammation and inflammatory pain. However, the mechanism underlying the occurrence of ferroptosis during inflammatory pain remains unclear.

EGFR Mutation Rates Correlate with Age at Diagnosis and Tumor Characteristics in Patients with Pulmonary Ground-Glass Opacities.

Background: To clearly reveal the correlations between tumor characteristics, age at diagnosis, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation rates in patients with pulmonary ground-glass opacities (GGOs).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 1473 patients with GGOs between January 2015 and May 2020 from two cancer centers. The tumor characteristics and EGFR mutation rates were compared between different age groups.

Inhibition of thioredoxin reductase 1 sensitizes glucose-starved glioblastoma cells to disulfidptosis.

Disulfidptosis is a recently identified form of cell death characterized by the aberrant accumulation of cellular disulfides. This process primarily occurs in glucose-starved cells expressing higher levels of SLC7A11 and has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy for cancers with hyperactive SCL7A11. However, the potential for inducing disulfidptosis through other mechanisms in cancers remains unclear.

Adverse drug events associated with capecitabine: a real-world pharmacovigilance study based on the FAERS database.

Background: Capecitabine, a prodrug of 5-fluorouracil, is extensively utilized for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer, colorectal cancer, and gastric cancer. Nevertheless, there exist limitations in comprehending adverse reactions (AEs) in clinical practice. In this study, we investigated the distribution of AEs associated with capecitabine and explored potential rare adverse reactions by mining the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).

Self-organizing human heart assembloids with autologous and developmentally relevant cardiac neural crest-derived tissues.

Unlabelled: Neural crest cells (NCCs) are a multipotent embryonic cell population of ectodermal origin that extensively migrate during early development and contribute to the formation of multiple tissues. Cardiac NCCs play a critical role in heart development by orchestrating outflow tract septation, valve formation, aortic arch artery patterning, parasympathetic innervation, and maturation of the cardiac conduction system. Abnormal migration, proliferation, or differentiation of cardiac NCCs can lead to severe congenital cardiovascular malformations.