Mechanisms of anthraquinone dye Vat Blue 4 biodegradation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa WYT and genotoxicity assessment of its transformation products.

Dye biodegradation products may cause genotoxicity, raising concerns about the safety of bioremediated water. The underlying biotransformation mechanism and related genotoxicity during anthraquinone degradation remain unclear. In this study, we employed Pseudomonas aeruginosa WYT (PaWYT) to investigate the biotransformation of Vat Blue 4 (VB4), a dye with a typical anthraquinone structure and low bioavailability.

Compensatory growth of Microcystis aeruginosa after copper stress and the characteristics of algal extracellular organic matter (EOM).

Cyanobacterial blooms can impair drinking water quality due to the concomitant extracellular organic matter (EOM). As copper is often applied as an algicide, cyanobacteria may experience copper stress. However, it remains uncertain whether algal growth compensation occurs and how EOM characteristics change in response to copper stress.

Research on the Material Basis and Mechanism of Kudzu Root in Preventing and Treating Cerebral Ischemia based on Network Pharmacology.

Background: It has been shown that Kudzu root has significant pharmacological effects such as improving microcirculation, dilating coronary arteries, and increasing cerebral and coronary blood flow, but its material basis and mechanism of action are not clear.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of action of Kudzu root in the prevention and treatment of cerebral ischemia (CI) through network pharmacology combined with animal experiments.

Methods: The components of kudzu root were screened by using the Chemistry Database, Chinese Academy of Science.

Generation of fruit and vegetable wastes in the farmers' market and its influencing factors: A case study from Hangzhou, China.

There remains little understanding of fruit and vegetable wastage and the influencing factors within retail. This study aimed to examine the processes contributing to vegetable and fruit wastage in traditional farmers' markets widely existing in China, Thailand, and South Korea, with the farmers' market in Hangzhou, China used as a case study. Questionnaires and follow-up surveys were conducted with the market stakeholders (market managers, retailers, and market cleaners) from April 2021 to January 2022.

Effect of magnetite particle size on propionate degradation in the propionate-based anaerobic system.

The size effect of magnetite (FeO) on the degradation of propionate (PA) in the PA-based anaerobic system was investigated. The sequential bench-scale experiments were conducted. Results showed that the effects of different sized magnetite particles on PA degradation varied, and reaction cycles also played a role in substrate removal/degradation.

Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine bioinformatics approach through network pharmacology and molecular docking to determine the molecular mechanisms of Erjing pill in Alzheimer's disease.

Erjing pill, a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formulation composed of and , has an important role in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the underlying mechanisms of the action of Erjing pill in AD have remained elusive. In the present study, the key ingredients of Erjing pill were investigated and the active components and their mechanisms of action on AD were analyzed based on networks pharmacology.

Solid digestate disposal strategies to reduce the environmental impact and energy consumption of food waste-based biogas systems.

This study examined the environmental impacts and energy consumption of three solid digestate treatment scenarios to quantify their impacts on the entire food waste (FW)-based biogas system: (1) incineration; (2) composting, and; (3) landfill. The results showed that composting had the largest net energy consumption, but least total environmental impact of 57.3 kWh and 8.

Acute impact of Hg, Cu, and Ag on the formation of biopolymers and nitrogenous soluble microbiological products in activated sludge for wastewater treatment.

In the present work, acute impact of heavy metals on activated sludge was investigated, specifically the release of biopolymers and nitrogenous soluble microbiological products (N-SMP) that significantly impact tertiary effluent quality. Based on the previously reported studies, Hg and Ag were selected as representative "non-essential" heavy metals, while Cu was selected as the "essential" heavy metal. Stress tests show that under the present experimental conditions, adding a higher concentration of heavy metals to the activated sludge increases the concentration of biopolymers and SMP in the supernatant; N-SMP increased more significantly than carbonaceous products, implying a greater risk of formation of toxic nitrogenous disinfection by-products or membrane fouling in relevant tertiary treatment processes.

Impact of heavy metals on the formation and properties of solvable microbiological products released from activated sludge in biological wastewater treatment.

This study investigated the acute impact of heavy metals on activated sludge with respect to the amount properties of biopolymers and other solvable microbiological products (SMPs) released from the sludge. Ten heavy metals were selected for the evaluation. Under the experimental conditions, exposing activated sludge to different metals led to an increase in SMPs, with a more significant increase in nitrogenous organics than in carbonaceous ones, where Hg, Ag, Cu, and Cr led to the highest increase in SMP species, while Cd, Ni, Mn, Pb, and Co caused limited increase in the middle and small SMP molecules, and Zn and Cr resulted in a decrease in SMP content.

Network pharmacology-based strategy to investigate pharmacological mechanisms of Tinospora sinensis for treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Tinospora sinensis (Lour.) Merr. belongs to the family Menispermaceae.

Variation of effluent organic matter (EfOM) during anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (AO) wastewater treatment processes.

Here, we studied seasonal variation of effluent organic matter (EfOM), based on molecular weight distribution and fluorescent components, during the traditional anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (AO) wastewater treatment processes. Microbial community structure and effect of temperature on some isolated pure strains were analyzed to explain the related mechanism. Results showed that the anaerobic process played a key role in EfOM removal by removing building blocks, low molecular weight (LMW) neutrals, biopolymers, and protein-related substances (C4 and C5), thus determining the fate of EfOM during the AO processes.

[Response of the Water Quality of a Stratified Reservoir to an Extreme El Niño Event During Summer].

Global warming can intensify the El Niño phenomenon that recurs every 2-7 years, which will lead to a great interannual variability of climate and may induce the deterioration of the water quality of reservoirs. To study the influence of the extreme El Niño events on the water quality of stratified reservoirs during summer, field surveys were conducted in Zhoucun Reservoir and its inflow rivers from May to August in a normal year (2012) and a strong El Niño year (2015). Temporal variations of physical and chemical index were investigated during monitoring.

Abnormal increase of Mn and TP concentrations in a temperate reservoir during fall overturn due to drought-induced drawdown.

Due to global warming, some regions of Earth may face frequent and severe droughts in the future, leading to the deterioration of surface water quality. In this study, we investigated the effects of drought-induced drawdown on the water quality of the Zhoucun Reservoir, Shandong Province, East China, during the fall overturn. Field surveys were conducted during stratification (April-November) over three standard years 2012, 2013, and 2014, and over the El Niño event of 2015.

[Seasonal Stratification and the Response of Water Quality of a Temperate Reservoir--Zhoucun Reservoir in North of China].

In order to reveal the seasonal stratification and the response of water quality of a temperate reservoir Zhoucun Reservoir in North of China. The physical, chemical and phytoplankton indexes were continuously monitored from July 2014 to June 2015. The results showed that the thermal stratification was monomictic, which lasted from April to October.

Nitrogen removal characteristics of indigenous aerobic denitrifiers and changes in the microbial community of a reservoir enclosure system via in situ oxygen enhancement using water lifting and aeration technology.

Indigenous aerobic denitrifiers of a reservoir system were enhanced in situ by water lifting and aeration technology. Nitrogen removal characteristics and changes in the bacterial community were investigated. Results from a 30-day experiment showed that the TN in the enhanced water system decreased from 1.

The Variation Characteristic of Sulfides and VOSc in a Source Water Reservoir and Its Control Using a Water-Lifting Aerator.

Sulfides and volatile organic sulfur compounds (VOSc) in water are not only malodorous but also toxic to humans and aquatic organisms. They cause serious deterioration in the ecological environment and pollute drinking water sources. In the present study, a source water reservoir--Zhoucun Reservoir in East China--was selected as the study site.

Nitrogen removal characteristics of enhanced in situ indigenous aerobic denitrification bacteria for micro-polluted reservoir source water.

Indigenous oligotrophic aerobic denitrifiers nitrogen removal characteristics, community metabolic activity and functional genes were analyzed in a micro-polluted reservoir. The results showed that the nitrate in the enhanced system decreased from 1.71±0.

A study of the impact of moist-heat and dry-heat treatment processes on hazardous trace elements migration in food waste.

Unlabelled: Using laboratory experiments, the authors investigated the impact of dry-heat and moist-heat treatment processes on hazardous trace elements (As, Hg, Cd, Cr, and Pb) in food waste and explored their distribution patterns for three waste components: oil, aqueous, and solid components. The results indicated that an insignificant reduction of hazardous trace elements in heat-treated waste-0.61-14.