Negative emotional distraction on neural circuits for working memory in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder.

Objective: To study the neural mechanism for the impact of negative emotional distraction on working memory in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) resulting from exposure to motor vehicle accidents.

Methods: Twenty PTSD patients and 20 healthy subjects were recruited. Event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to investigate the effects of negative and neutral distractors on a delayed-response working memory task.

Diffusion tensor imaging-based research on human white matter anatomy.

The aim of this study is to investigate the white matter by the diffusion tensor imaging and the Chinese visible human dataset and to provide the 3D anatomical data of the corticospinal tract for the neurosurgical planning by studying the probabilistic maps and the reproducibility of the corticospinal tract. Diffusion tensor images and high-resolution T1-weighted images of 15 healthy volunteers were acquired; the DTI data were processed using DtiStudio and FSL software. The FA and color FA maps were compared with the sectional images of the Chinese visible human dataset.

Alterations in the cortical thickness and the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder.

The core neuropsychological processes underlying post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have yet to be elucidated, and the association between anatomical and functional deficits in PTSD remains largely unknown. The aim of our study was to investigate the alterations in cortical thickness and amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) in PTSD patients resulting from motor vehicle accidents (MVCs), and to explore the association of cortical thickness and ALFF with the severity of PTSD symptoms. A total of 20 PTSD patients and 20 healthy controls were recruited and examined by high-resolution structural MRI combined with resting-state fMRI.

Creation of a female and male segmentation dataset based on Chinese Visible Human (CVH).

Objective: Segmentation is a necessary step when creating realistic three-dimensional (3D) models. In order to build 3D models of whole body structures and have a wider lateral application, the thin sectional anatomical images of the Chinese Visible Human (CVH) dataset should be segmented. The more detailed structures are segmented to provide greater potential for wider application of the segmented images.

A novel technique for three-dimensional reconstruction for surgical simulation around the craniocervical junction region.

Performing surgeries on the craniocervical junction presents a technical challenge for operating surgeons. Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction and surgical simulation have improved the efficacy and success rate of surgeries. The aim of this study was to create a 3D, digitized visible model of the craniocervical junction region to help realize accurate simulation of craniocervical surgery on a graphic workstation.

Creation of the digital three-dimensional model of the prostate and its adjacent structures based on Chinese visible human.

We managed to provide three-dimensional digitized visible model of the prostate and its adjacent structures and to provide morphological data for imaging diagnosis and male urological surgery. With 3D-DOCTOR software, the contour line of prostate and its adjacent structures including rectum, bladder, male urethra, ureter, seminal vesicle, ductus deferens, ejaculatory ducts, obturator internus, levator ani, coccygeus, male pelvis, femur, prostatic nervous and venous plexus, internal and external iliac arteries were segmented from the Chinese visible human (CVH)-1 data set and the three-dimensional surfaces of intrapelvic visceras were successfully and accurately reconstructed via surface rendering, which can also be manipulated individually and interactively. Combined with AMIRA software, surface rendering reconstructed model of male urological organs and its adjacent structures via volume rendering reconstruction can be displayed together clearly and actually.

Aging changes of the angioarchitecture and arterial morphology of the spinal cord in rats.

Background: It is well known that vascular myelopathy increases with age, however, there are no systematic reports on the quantitative capillary density in the spinal cord and no reports concerning the age-related changes of vascularity and capillary density of the spinal cord.

Objective: Age-related changes of vascularity and capillary density of the spinal cord and the morphology of the ventral spinal artery were observed and measured so as to provide reference to study the microcirculation of the spinal cord.

Methods: Three different age groups of Wistar rats (1-2, 6-7 and >22 months old) were studied by ink-gelatin injection, corrosion casts, biological stereological technique, image analysis and transmission electron microscope.

[Visualization and thin sectional anatomy of the laryngeal cartilages].

Objective: To establish digitized visible model of the laryngeal cartilages of the visible human, providing morphological data for image diagnosis and laryngectomy.

Methods: Cross-sectional images of fresh tissues from the Chinese visible human data set were reviewed, and the laryngeal cartilages structures data were used, the data was on a section-by-section basis. Three-dimensional computer reconstructions of the laryngeal cartilages were generated from these data by surface rendering on a SGI workstation.

Three-dimensional computational reconstruction of lateral skull base with plastinated slices.

The goals of this study were to build the 3D reconstructed model of lateral skull base and to explore the spatial relationships of the important structures for providing the morphological basis for lateral skull base surgery and clinical image diagnosis. Blocks with edges of about 80 mm containing the lateral skull base region and adjacent structures were sawn out from both sides of the heads and sectioned on transverse plane at a thickness of 700 microm using a plastination technique. On an SGI workstation, a Contours-Marching cubes algorithm was selected to reconstruct the 3D model of the lateral skull base.

The Chinese Visible Human (CVH) datasets incorporate technical and imaging advances on earlier digital humans.

We report the availability of a digitized Chinese male and a digitzed Chinese female typical of the population and with no obvious abnormalities. The embalming and milling procedures incorporate three technical improvements over earlier digitized cadavers. Vascular perfusion with coloured gelatin was performed to facilitate blood vessel identification.

Creation of the Chinese visible human data set.

The United States Visible Human Project (VHP) created a digital image data set of complete human male (data acquisition finished in November 1994) and female (data acquisition finished in December 1995) cadavers in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and anatomical (anatomic serial section) modes. VHP aroused worldwide enthusiasm for Visible Human Research (VHR), and the data set is being used in a variety of research and educational domains. The Visible Korean Human (VKH) male was produced in March 2001.

Plastination and computerized 3D reconstruction of the temporal bone.

The purpose of this study was to generate a computerized 3D reconstruction of the temporal bone and intratemporal structures. A plastination technique was used to obtain equidistant serial thin sections of 1.2 mm thickness and, on an SGI workstation, a Contour-Marching Cubes algorithm was selected to reconstruct the temporal bone and intratemporal structures in three dimensions.