Vincristine and dexamethasone pulses in addition to maintenance therapy among pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (GD-ALL-2008): An open-label, multicentre, randomized, phase III clinical trial.

The efficacy and safety on the addition of vincristine (VCR) and dexamethasone (DEX) pulses to maintenance therapy among childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) remain uncertain. Herein, we perform an open-label, multicentre, randomized, phase III clinical trial that was conducted at nine major medical centers in Guangdong Province, China. Patients were randomly assigned either the conventional maintenance therapy (control group, n = 384) or the VCR/DEX pulse (treatment group, n = 375).

DNA methylation profiling reveals novel pathway implicated in cardiovascular diseases of diabetes.

Objective: Epigenetics was reported to mediate the effects of environmental risk factors on disease pathogenesis. We intend to unleash the role of DNA methylation modification in the pathological process of cardiovascular diseases in diabetes.

Methods: We screened differentially methylated genes by methylated DNA immunoprecipitation chip (MeDIP-chip) among the enrolled participants.

Glycosylated proteins with abnormal glycosylation changes are potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of breast cancer.

Conventional cancer management relies on tumor type and stage for diagnosis and treatment, which leads to recurrence and metastasis and death in young women. Early detection of proteins in the serum aids diagnosis, progression, and clinical outcomes, possibly improving survival rate of breast cancer patients. In this review, we provided an insight into the influence of aberrant glycosylation on breast cancer development and progression.

Anchoring Cu-N active sites on functionalized polyacrylonitrile fibers for highly selective HS/CO separation.

As an essential part of clean energy, natural gas is often mixed with varying degrees of HS and CO, which poses a serious environmental hazard and reduces the fuel's calorific value. However, technology for selective HS removal from CO-containing gas streams is still not fully established. Herein, we synthesized functional polyacrylonitrile fibers with Cu-N coordination structure (PANF-Cu) by an amination-ligand reaction.

Photobiomodulation therapy retarded axial length growth in children with myopia: evidence from a 12-month randomized controlled trial evidence.

To determine whether photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy can retard ocular axial length (AL) in children with myopia. A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on two consecutive cohorts of 50 eligible children aged 8-12 years with ≤ - 0.75 Diopter (D) of spherical equivalent refraction (SER).

2D MoS and BN Nanosheets Damage Mitochondria through Membrane Penetration.

With the progression of nanotechnology, a growing number of nanomaterials have been created and incorporated into organisms and ecosystems, which raises significant concern about potential hazards of these materials on human health, wildlife, and the environment. Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials are one type of nanomaterials with thicknesses ranging from that of a single atom or of several atoms and have been proposed for a variety of biomedical applications such as drug delivery and gene therapy, but the toxicity thereof on subcellular organelles remains to be studied. In this work, we studied the impact of two typical 2D nanomaterials, MoS and BN nanosheets, on mitochondria, which are a type of membranous subcellular organelle that provides energy to cells.

Migration Dynamics of Fall Armyworm (Smith) in the Yangtze River Delta.

The Yangtze River Delta, located in East China, is an important passage on the eastern pathway of the northward migration of fall armyworm (Smith) in China, connecting China's year-round breeding area and the Huang-Huai-Hai summer maize area. Clarifying the migration dynamics of in the Yangtze River Delta is of great significance for the scientific control and prevention of in the Yangtze River Delta, even in the Huang-Huai-Hai region and Northeast China. This study is based on the pest investigation data of in the Yangtze River Delta from 2019 to 2021, combining it with the migration trajectory simulation approach and the synoptic weather analysis.

Lymphocyte activation gene 3 (Lag3) supports Foxp3 Treg cell function by restraining c-Myc-dependent aerobic glycolysis.

Lymphocyte activation gene 3 (Lag3) has emerged as the next-generation immune checkpoint molecule due to its ability to inhibit effector T cell activity. Foxp3 regulatory T (Treg) cells, a master regulator of immunity and tolerance, also highly express Lag3. While Lag3 is thought to be necessary for Treg cell-mediated regulation of immunity, the precise roles and underlying mechanisms remain largely elusive.

Proliferative exhausted CD8 T cells exacerbate long-lasting anti-tumor effects in human papillomavirus-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

The survival prognosis of human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive and HPV-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is largely different, and little is known about the anti-tumor mechanism of tumor-infiltrated exhausted CD8 T cells (Tex) in HNSCC. We performed cell-level multi-omics sequencing on human HNSCC samples to decipher the multi-dimensional characteristics of Tex cells. A proliferative exhausted CD8 T cell cluster (P-Tex) which was beneficial to survival outcomes of patients with HPV-positive HNSCC was identified.

Heavy metal distribution in wheat plant components following foliar Cd application.

Atmospheric deposition of Cd, from anthropogenic activities, can be directly deposited onto and absorbed into wheat plants, yet, how foliar absorbed Cd is translocated in wheat plants is not well understood. A pot experiment investigated foliar Cd application on the accumulation and distribution of heavy metals in various wheat parts. Wheat was grown in a Cd/heavy metal contaminated soil, and from grain heading to the filling stage, 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 mg kg Cd solution was sprayed repeatedly on leaves (grain heads were covered).

Changing patterns of the East Asian monsoon drive shifts in migration and abundance of a globally important rice pest.

Numerous insects including pests and beneficial species undertake windborne migrations over hundreds of kilometers. In East Asia, climate-induced changes in large-scale atmospheric circulation systems are affecting wind-fields and precipitation zones and these, in turn, are changing migration patterns. We examined the consequences in a serious rice pest, the brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens) in East China.

Synthesis of highly twinned ZnSe nanorods for enhancing N electrochemical conversion to NH.

In this work, we report an atomistic understanding of the hydrogenation behavior of a highly twinned ZnSe nanorod (T-ZnSe) with a large density of surface atomic steps and the activation of N molecules adsorbed on its surface. Theoretical calculations suggest that the atomic steps are essential for the hydrogenation of T-ZnSe, which greatly enhances its catalytic activity. As a result, the T-ZnSe nanorods exhibit a significantly enhanced NH production rate of 13.

Prognostic effects of previous cancer history on patients with major salivary gland cancer.

Objectives: To explore the prognostic effects of previous cancer history on patients with major salivary gland cancer (SGC).

Subjects And Methods: SGC patients with (sec-SGC) and without (one-SGC) a previous cancer from the SEER database were identified. Cox proportional hazards regression (CoxPH) models were used to compare the prognosis between sec-SGC and one-SGC patients.

Diagnosis and segmentation effect of the ME-NBI-based deep learning model on gastric neoplasms in patients with suspected superficial lesions - a multicenter study.

Background: Endoscopically visible gastric neoplastic lesions (GNLs), including early gastric cancer and intraepithelial neoplasia, should be accurately diagnosed and promptly treated. However, a high rate of missed diagnosis of GNLs contributes to the potential risk of the progression of gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to develop a deep learning-based computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system for the diagnosis and segmentation of GNLs under magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging (ME-NBI) in patients with suspected superficial lesions.

Antibodies to sclerostin or G-CSF receptor partially eliminate bone or marrow adipocyte loss, respectively, following vertical sleeve gastrectomy.

Vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG), the most utilized bariatric procedure in clinical practice, greatly reduces body weight and improves a variety of metabolic disorders. However, one of its long-term complications is bone loss and increased risk of fracture. Elevated circulating sclerostin (SOST) and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) concentrations have been considered as potential contributors to VSG-associated bone loss.

Differential physiological response of marine and freshwater microalgae to polystyrene microplastics.

Effects of microplastics on microalgae have not been compared from different habitat. To answer this question, three marine microalgae species (Chlorella marined, Nannochloropsis oculate, and Phaeodactylum tricornutum) and two freshwater species (Chlorella vulgaris and Tetradesmus obliquus) were selected and exposed to the environment relevant concentrations of polystyrene microplastics. The results indicated that microplastics have a significant concentration effect on the growth of microalgae.

Exosomes Derived from Human Amniotic Mesenchymal Stem Cells Facilitate Diabetic Wound Healing by Angiogenesis and Enrich Multiple lncRNAs.

Background: Diabetic wound healing remains a major challenge due to the impaired functionality of angiogenesis by persistent hyperglycemia. Mesenchymal stem cell exosomes are appropriate candidates for regulating the formation of angiogenesis in tissue repair and regeneration. Here, we explored the effects of exosomes derived from human amniotic mesenchymal stem cell (hAMSC-Exos) on the biological activities of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) treated with high glucose and on diabetic wound healing and investigate lncRNAs related to angiogenesis in hAMSC-Exos.

A propensity score matching investigation of short-term results of single-incision laparoscopic low anterior rectal resection via ileostomy site.

Aims: The study was performed to verify the results of single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) through the ileostomy site for low rectal cancer compared with conventional laparoscopic surgery (CLS).

Materials And Methods: From January 2019 to November 2021, 133 patients with low rectal cancer underwent single-incision (n = 27) or conventional (n = 106) methods of low anterior rectal resection surgery with ileostomy. All patients were balanced by propensity score matching for basic information in a ratio of 1:2, resulting in 27 and 54 in SILS and CLS groups, respectively.

Coherent Phonon-Induced Gigahertz Optical Birefringence and Its Manipulation in SrTiO.

Birefringence, which modulates the polarization of electromagnetic wave, has been commercially developed and widely used in modern photonics. Fostered by high-frequency signal processing and communications, feasible birefringence technologies operating in gigahertz (GHz) range are highly desired. Here, a coherent phonon-induced GHz optical birefringence and its manipulation in SrTiO (STO) crystals are demonsrated.

Emergency admission plasma D-dimer: a novel predictor for symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage after thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke.

Background: Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) is a common and severe complication in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) after treatment with thrombectomy.

Objective: To explore the ability of admission plasma D-dimer levels to predict sICH after thrombectomy.

Methods: Between February 2018 and August 2021, consecutive patients with AIS who underwent thrombectomy at our single comprehensive stroke center were retrospectively enrolled.

[Overview of thyroid gland involvement and its prognostic value on advanced laryngeal cancer].

Laryngeal cancer is the second most common malignancy in the head and neck region. The guidelines recommend prophylactic thyroidectomy for patients with advanced laryngeal cancer, but its prognostic value remains elusive. In this review, the incidence, risk factors, prognostic value of thyroid invasion in patients with laryngeal cancer were reviewed.

SGLT-2 inhibitors and euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis/diabetic ketoacidosis in FAERS: a pharmacovigilance assessment.

Aims: To investigate the main feature and the association between euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis (euDKA) /diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and sodium-dependent glucose transporters 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) from the FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS).

Methods: Cases of SGLT-2i-associated with euDKA/DKA were extracted from the FAERS database and compared with the reports for other hypoglycemia agents (ATC10 class). Disproportionality analyses used the reporting odds ratio (ROR) and information components (IC).