Revising the coal mining CH emission factor based on multiple inventories and atmospheric inversion approach at one of the world's largest coal production areas: Shanxi province, China.

Methane (CH) emissions from the coal industry represent a substantial portion of anthropogenic CH emissions from energy-related activities. China ranks as the world's largest coal producer, where Shanxi Province is one of its major coal production regions and accounts for 20.7 % of the national total coal production.

Large variations of dissolved carbon occurred in small ponds within an agricultural watershed.

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) significantly affect the aquatic carbon budget and ecosystem functions. Small ponds are abundant globally and widely distributed especially in agricultural watersheds, however, the variability of DOC and DIC, along with their driving factors, remains poorly understood, which likely hampers the understanding of carbon cycle of inland waters. The presented study was designed to fill the knowledge gap based on a detailed year-long field investigation via examining DOC and DIC concentrations across ponds with differing functionalities (e.

Spatiotemporal heterogeneity of lake carbon dioxide flux leads to substantial uncertainties in regional upscaling estimates.

Limited field samplings result in significant uncertainties in regional and global estimates of lake carbon dioxide (CO) emissions. However, quantitative analysis of uncertainty in regional lake CO emission estimates remains unclear. In this study, we utilized satellite data to estimate carbon dioxide flux from 113 eastern China lakes, revealing substantial spatial and temporal variations in flux, averaging 18.

Methane ebullition fluxes and temperature sensitivity in a shallow lake.

Inland waters are important sources of atmospheric methane (CH), with a major contribution from the CH ebullition pathway. However, there is still a lack of CH ebullition flux (eFCH) and their temperature sensitivity (Q) in shallow lakes, which might lead to large uncertainties in CH emission response from aquatic to climate and environmental change. Herein, the magnitude and regulatory of two CH pathways (ebullition and diffusion) were studied in subtropical Lake Chaohu, China, using the real-time portable greenhouse gas (GHG) analyzer-floating chamber method at 18 sites over four seasons.

Ecological water diversion activity changes the fate of carbon in a eutrophic lake.

Lake eutrophication mitigation measures have been implemented by ecological water diversion, however, the responses of carbon cycle to the human-derived hydrologic process still remains unclear. With a famous river-to-lake water diversion activity at eutrophic Lake Taihu, we attempted to fill the knowledge gap with integrative field measurements (2011-2017) of gas carbon (CO and CH) flux, including CO-equivalent, and dissolved carbon (DOC and DIC) at water-receiving zone and reference zone. Overall, results showed the artificial water diversion activity increased gas carbon emissions.

A novel strategy for estimating biomass of submerged aquatic vegetation in lake integrating UAV and Sentinel data.

Submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) plays a fundamental ecological role in mediating carbon cycling within lakes, and its biomass is essential to assess the carbon sequestration potential of lake ecosystems. Remote sensing (RS) offers a powerful tool for large-scale SAV biomass retrieval. Given the underwater location of SAV, the spectral signal in RS data often exhibits weakness, capturing primarily horizontal structure rather than volumetric information crucial for biomass assessment.

Salinity is an important factor in carbon emissions from an inland lake in arid region.

Saline lakes, serving as the ultimate destination for most hydrological systems, accumulate substantial amounts of nutrients and organic matter from basins, and act as vast carbon reservoirs. These lakes exhibit exceptionally active biogeochemical cycling processes of carbon dioxide (CO) and methane (CH), and constitute integral components of the global carbon cycle. However, understanding of greenhouse gas emissions from saline lakes remains unclear mostly due to scarce data.

Quantification of Diffusive Methane Emissions from a Large Eutrophic Lake with Satellite Imagery.

Lakes are major emitters of methane (CH); however, a longstanding challenge with quantifying the magnitude of emissions remains as a result of large spatial and temporal variability. This study was designed to address the issue using satellite remote sensing with the advantages of spatial coverage and temporal resolution. Using Aqua/MODIS imagery (2003-2020) and measured data (2011-2017) in eutrophic Lake Taihu, we compared the performance of eight machine learning models to predict diffusive CH emissions and found that the random forest (RF) model achieved the best fitting accuracy ( = 0.

Management actions mitigate the risk of carbon dioxide emissions from urban lakes.

Lakes are recognized as important sources of carbon dioxide (CO) emissions, which vary greatly across land use type. However, CO emissions from lakes in urban landscapes are generally overlooked despite their daily connections to human activity. Furthermore, the role of management actions in CO emissions remained unclear mostly because of the lack of long-term observations.

Anthropogenic CO emission reduction during the COVID-19 pandemic in Nanchang City, China.

China is the largest CO emitting country on Earth. During the COVID-19 pandemic, China implemented strict government control measures on both outdoor activity and industrial production. These control measures, therefore, were expected to significantly reduce anthropogenic CO emissions.

Design, synthesis and evaluation of the Brigatinib analogues as potent inhibitors against tertiary EGFR mutants (EGFR and EGFR).

Although epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) have demonstrated encouraging clinical outcomes for patients with EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer, a considerable number of patients will develop drug resistance and eventually undergo disease progression after taking EGFR-TKIs for a period of time. EGFR and EGFR are two most prevalent tertiary EGFR mutants identified in Osimertinib-resistant tumors and currently there is no therapy approved clinically targeting these mutants. In this study, we designed and synthesized a series of novel 4th generation EGFR inhibitors based on scaffold of Brigatinib.

[Optical Composition and Potential Driving Factors of Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter in Large Lakes and Reservoirs in the Eastern Region of China].

Intensified urbanization has been occurring in the eastern region of China in recent decades, and excessive industrial and household sewage has been discharged into lakes and reservoirs, which has directly lowered water quality and destructed the functions of aquatic ecosystems. Lakes and reservoirs are typically drinking water sources supplying water for metropolitan areas as well as large- and medium-sized cities. Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) is the colored fraction of DOM, and its source and optical composition strongly affect water supply safety and the health of surrounding citizens.

A highly agricultural river network in Jurong Reservoir watershed as significant CO and CH sources.

Freshwaters are receiving growing concerns on atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO) and methane (CH) budget; however, little is known about the anthropogenic sources of CO and CH from river network in agricultural-dominated watersheds. Here, we chose such a typical watershed and measured surface dissolved CO and CH concentrations over 2 years (2015-2017) in Jurong Reservoir watershed for different freshwater types (river network, ponds, reservoir, and ditches), which located in Eastern China and were impacted by agriculture with high fertilizer N application. Results showed that significantly higher gas concentrations occurred in river network (CO: 112 ± 36 μmol L; CH: 509 ± 341 nmol L) with high nutrient concentrations.

Urban rivers are hotspots of riverine greenhouse gas (NO, CH, CO) emissions in the mixed-landscape chaohu lake basin.

Growing evidence shows that riverine networks surrounding urban landscapes may be hotspots of riverine greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study strengthens the evidence by investigating the spatial variability of diffusive GHG (NO, CH, CO) emissions from river reaches that drain from different types of landscapes (i.e.

Satellite Estimation of Dissolved Carbon Dioxide Concentrations in China's Lake Taihu.

Lakes play an important role in the global carbon cycle; however, there are still large uncertainties in the estimation of global lake carbon emission due to the limitations in conducting field surveys at large geographic scales. Using long-term Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) imagery and field observation data in eutrophic Lake Taihu, we developed a novel approach to estimate the concentration of dissolved carbon dioxide (CO) in lakes. Based on the MODIS-derived chlorophyll- concentration, lake surface temperature, diffuse attenuation coefficient of photosynthetically active radiation, and photosynthetically active radiation, a spatially explicit CO model was developed using multivariate quadratic polynomial regression (coefficient of determination () = 0.

The mechanistic, diagnostic and therapeutic novel nucleic acids for hepatocellular carcinoma emerging in past score years.

Despite The Central Dogma states the destiny of gene as 'DNA makes RNA and RNA makes protein', the nucleic acids not only store and transmit genetic information but also, surprisingly, join in intracellular vital movement as a regulator of gene expression. Bioinformatics has contributed to knowledge for a series of emerging novel nucleic acids molecules. For typical cases, microRNA (miRNA), long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) and circular RNA (circRNA) exert crucial role in regulating vital biological processes, especially in malignant diseases.

Surface nitrous oxide (NO) concentrations and fluxes from different rivers draining contrasting landscapes: Spatio-temporal variability, controls, and implications based on IPCC emission factor.

Increasing indirect nitrous oxide (NO) emission from river networks as a result of enhanced human activities on landscapes has become a global issue, as NO has been widely recognized as an important ozone-depleting greenhouse gas. However, indirect NO emissions from different rivers, particularly for those that drain completely different landscapes, are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the spatial-temporal variability of NO emissions among the different rivers in the Chaohu Lake Basin of Eastern China.

Environmental investments decreased partial pressure of CO in a small eutrophic urban lake: Evidence from long-term measurements.

Inland waters emit large amounts of carbon dioxide (CO) to the atmosphere, but emissions from urban lakes are poorly understood. This study investigated seasonal and interannual variations in the partial pressure of CO (pCO) and CO flux from Lake Wuli, a small eutrophic urban lake in the heart of the Yangtze River Delta, China, based on a long-term (2000-2015) dataset. The results showed that the annual mean pCO was 1030 ± 281 μatm (mean ± standard deviation) with a mean CO flux of 1.

Are nitrous oxide emissions indirectly fueled by input of terrestrial dissolved organic nitrogen in a large eutrophic Lake Taihu, China?

Lakes actively transform nitrogen (N) and emit disproportionately large amounts of NO relative to their surface area. Studies have investigated the relative importance of denitrification or nitrification on NO emissions; however, the linkage between NO efflux and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and carbon (DOC) remains largely unknown. Long-term (2012-2017) seasonal field observations and a series of degradation experiments were used to unravel how DON composition impacts NO emissions from Lake Taihu, China.

Eutrophic Lake Taihu as a significant CO source during 2000-2015.

Inland lakes receive growing attentions on eutrophication and their roles in global carbon cycle. However, understanding how inland lakes contribute to global carbon cycle is seriously hampered due to a shortage of long-term records. This study investigated the carbon dioxide (CO) flux from the Lake Taihu, a large (2400 km) and shallow (mean depth 1.

Surface nitrous oxide concentrations and fluxes from water bodies of the agricultural watershed in Eastern China.

Agriculture is one of major emission sources of nitrous oxide (NO), an important greenhouse gas dominating stratospheric ozone destruction. However, indirect NO emissions from agriculture watershed water surfaces are poorly understood. Here, surface-dissolved NO concentration in water bodies of the agricultural watershed in Eastern China, one of the most intensive agricultural regions, was measured over a two-year period.

Methane flux dynamics in a submerged aquatic vegetation zone in a subtropical lake.

Submerged macrophytes are important primary producers for shallow lake systems. So far, their overall role in regulating lake methane flux is a subject of debate because the oxygen produced by their roots can promote methane oxidation in the sediment but they can also enhance methanogenesis through organic substrate production. In this study, we used the eddy covariance method to investigate the temporal dynamics of the CH flux in a habitat of submerged macrophytes in Lake Taihu.