Association between low incidence of TP53 mutations and reduced early relapse rates in Uygur DLBCL.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) demonstrates significant heterogeneity, investigations into the distinctions in clinical and molecular characteristics between Chinese Uygur and Han DLBCL patients remain unexplored. We retrospectively reviewed 279 DLBCL patients (105 Uygur and 174 Han patients), of which 155 patients underwent genetic profiling by NGS. Compared with Han patient, Uygur patients have better clinical prognostic indicators, including a higher proportion of patients with 0-1 extranodal involvement and I/II Ann Arbor staging.

Recent progress of theoretical studies on electro- and photo-chemical conversion of CO with single-atom catalysts.

The CO reduction reaction (CORR) into chemical products is a promising and efficient way to combat the global warming issue and greenhouse effect. The viability of the CORR critically rests with finding highly active and selective catalysts that can accomplish the desired chemical transformation. Single-atom catalysts (SACs) are ideal in fulfilling this goal due to the well-defined active sites and support-tunable electronic structure, and exhibit enhanced activity and high selectivity for the CORR.

Identification of FAT4 as a positive prognostic biomarker in DLBCL by comprehensive genomic analysis.

The molecular landscapes of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) remained to be comprehensively investigated with an urgent need to identify novel prognostic biomarkers guiding prognostic stratification and disease monitoring. Baseline tumor samples of 148 DLBCL patients were analyzed using targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) for mutational profiling, whose clinical reports were retrospectively reviewed. In this cohort, the subgroup of old DLBCL patients (age at diagnosis > 60, N = 80) exhibited significantly higher Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group scores and International Prognostic Index than their young counterparts (age at diagnosis ≤ 60, N = 68).

Next-Generation Sequencing of Circular RNAs Reveals the Molecular Mechanisms of Chondrogenic Differentiation in Human Adipose-derived Stem Cells.

Adipose-derived stem cells are one of the potential sources of cells for the treatment of cartilage defects. This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms that account for the chondrogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs). We employed integrin β1 (ITGB1) overexpression to induce chondrogenic differentiation of hADSCs.

IL-27 signalling promotes adipocyte thermogenesis and energy expenditure.

Thermogenesis in brown and beige adipose tissue has important roles in maintaining body temperature and countering the development of metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Although much is known about commitment and activation of brown and beige adipose tissue, its multiple and abundant immunological factors have not been well characterized. Here we define a critical role of IL-27-IL-27Rα signalling in improving thermogenesis, protecting against diet-induced obesity and ameliorating insulin resistance.

Rab35 regulates insulin secretion via phogrin in pancreatic β cells.

Dysfunction of pancreatic β cell insulin secretion is related to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Rab proteins have been shown to be key players in insulin secretion by pancreatic β cells, and phogrin is a marker for the processes of exocytosis and insulin secretion. The purposes of this study were to clarify the regulatory role of Rab35 in insulin secretion and analyse the Rab35/phogrin interaction mechanism in β-TC-6 cells.

Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Improved Insulin Resistance via Alteration of the Human Gut Microbiome and Alleviation of Endotoxemia.

Background: Obesity is a main contributing factor for the development of glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is believed to be one of the most effective treatments to reduce body weight and improve glucose metabolism. In this study, we sought to explore the underlying mechanisms of weight reduction and insulin resistance improvement after RYGB.

Elevated expression of MMP8 and MMP9 contributes to diabetic osteoarthritis progression in a rat model.

Background: Knowledge regarding the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) is very limited. Previous studies have shown that matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 8 and MMP9 were upregulated in patients with diabetic OA. However, their regulatory functions and mechanisms in diabetic OA are not fully understood.

ITGB1 promotes the chondrogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells by activating the ERK signaling.

Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ADSC) with a high capacity of chondrogenic differentiation was a promising candidate for cartilage defect treatment. This study's objective is to study the roles of integrin β1 (ITGB1) in regulating ADSC chondrogenic differentiations as well as the underlying mechanisms. The identity of ADSC was confirmed by flow cytometry.

Perforin Acts as an Immune Regulator to Prevent the Progression of NAFLD.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the main causes of cirrhosis and major risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma and liver-related death. Despite substantial clinical and basic research, the pathogenesis of obesity-related NAFLD remains poorly understood. In this study, we show that perforin can act as an immune regulator to prevent the progression of NAFLD.

Variations in Irisin, Bone Mineral Density, Bone Mineral Content, and Body Composition After Laparoscopic Bariatric Procedures in Obese Adults.

Introduction: This study was aimed to assess irisin levels in obesity (OB) and T2DM individuals and investigate the dynamic changes of irisin, bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content, and body composition in 19 OB patients after laparoscopic bariatric procedures, and also to evaluate the correlation of irisin, with BMD and body composition.

Methods: Forty-five OB, 20 T2DM, and 20 healthy adults had been recruited. Levels of irisin were measured in all subjects.

Elevated RBP4 plasma levels were associated with diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes.

The retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) has been postulated to play a role in glucose homeostasis, insulin resistance, and diabetes mellitus in human and animal studies. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of RBP4 in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with and without diabetic retinopathy (DR). Plasma RBP4 concentrations were tested in 287 patients with type 2 diabetes.

Mitochondrial ROS activate interleukin-1β expression in allergic rhinitis.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is the most common cause of inflammation of the nasal mucosa. It is also the most common form of non-infectious rhinitis associated with an immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated immune response against allergens. Previous studies have indicated that interleukin-1β (IL-1β) has a pathological role in the development of allergic asthma.

Expression and Significance of MMPs in Synovial Fluid, Serum and PBMC Culture Supernatant Stimulated by LPS in Osteoarthritis Patients With or Without Diabetes.

Objective: Patients with Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are prone to osteoarthritis (OA). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), an essential modulator in cartilage matrix homeostasis, increase in T2DM and OA. We aimed to ascertain the expression difference of MMPs and function in mononuclear cells after stimulating by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in OA patients with or without diabetes.

Blood glucose and insulin and correlation of SLC25A13 mutations with biochemical changes in NICCD patients.

Neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis caused by citrin deficiency (NICCD) is a hereditary metabolic disease arising from biallelic mutations of SLC25A13. This study aimed to explore the characteristics of fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin (FINS) and C-peptide (C-P) levels in NICCD infants, analyze their SLC25A13 genetic mutations and further discuss the correlation between SLC25A13 genetic mutations and biochemical changes. Seventy-two cases of infants with cholestasis disease were gathered.

Functional conservation study of polarity protein Crumbs intracellular domain.

The transmembrane protein Crumbs (Crb) plays key roles in the establishing and maintaining cell apical-basal polarity in epithelial cells by determining the apical plasma membrane identity. Although its intracellular domain contains only 37 amino acids, it is absolutely essential for its function. In Drosophila, mutations in this intracellular domain result in severe defects in epithelial polarity and abnormal embryonic development.

In situ single molecule detection of insulin receptors on erythrocytes from a type 1 diabetes ketoacidosis patient by atomic force microscopy.

Type 1 diabetes is an insulin-dependent metabolic disorder always associated with ketoacidosis and a high morbidity rate in teenagers. The in situ single molecule detection of insulin receptors on healthy and diseased erythrocytes is helpful to understand the pathomechanism of type 1 diabetes ketoacidosis (T1-DKA), which would also benefit the diagnosis and treatment of T1-DKA. Here, we demonstrated, for the first time, the single molecule interaction between insulin and insulin receptor on erythrocytes from a healthy volunteer and a T1-DKA patient using high sensitivity atomic force microscopy (AFM) in PBS solution.

Inactivation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in human adipose-derived stem cells is necessary for chondrogenic differentiation and maintenance.

The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays critical roles in self-renewal and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. However, very little is known about its role in the chondrogenesis of human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs). In this study, we analyzed protein expression of several key components of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway using a 21-day in vitro model of hADSC chondrogenesis.

Wnt/β-catenin signaling may be involved with the maturation, but not the differentiation, of insulin-producing cells.

Wnt/β-catenin signaling (WNT) has widespread roles during stem cell differentiation. Whether WNT suppresses or promotes insulin-producing cell (IPC) differentiation and function is still not known. In this study, we investigated the role of WNT signaling during human adipose-derived stem cell (hADSC) differentiation into IPCs.

GLP-1 could improve the similarity of IPCs and pancreatic beta cells in cellular ultrastructure and function.

Transplantation of functional insulin-producing cells (IPCs) provides a novel mode for insulin replacement, but is often accompanied by many undesirable side effects. Our previous studies suggested that IPCs could not mimic the physiological regulation of insulin secretion performed by pancreatic beta cells. To obtain a better method through which to acquire more similar IPCs, we compared the difference between IPCs of the GLP-1 group and IPCs of the non-GLP-1 group in the morphological features in cellular level and physiological function.

The roles of integrin β1 in phenotypic maintenance and dedifferentiation in chondroid cells differentiated from human adipose-derived stem cells.

Objective: The aim of this study is to probe the intrinsic mechanism of chondroid cell dedifferentiation in order to provide a feasible solution for this in cell culture.

Methods: Morphological and biomechanical properties of cells undergoing chondrogenic differentiation from human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) were measured at the nanometer scale using atomic force microscopy and laser confocal scanning microscopy. Gene expression was determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

Insulin-producing cells could not mimic the physiological regulation of insulin secretion performed by pancreatic beta cells.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the difference between insulin-producing cells (IPCs) and normal human pancreatic beta cells both in physiological function and morphological features in cellular level.

Methods: The levels of insulin secretion were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The insulin gene expression was determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

Morphology and mechanics of chondroid cells from human adipose-derived Stem cells detected by atomic force microscopy.

Chondroid cell from human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) has emerged as an alternative treatment option for articular cartilage defects. Herein, we successfully compared ADSCs, normal chondrocytes, and chondroid cells. The comparative study of ADSCs and chondroid cells revealed type II collagen (COL II) and glycosaminoglycans expression of chondroid cells were similar to those in normal chondrocytes, and much higher than ADSCs.

Insulin-producing cells from human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells detected by atomic force microscope.

We successfully differentiated human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (haMSCs) into insulin-producing cells (IPCs) in vitro and did not use any insulin which might be absorbed by cells during in vitro culture. Expression of insulin gene was massively increased by 28,000-fold at day 12 compared with haMSCs (P < 0.05).