Integrative bioinformatics analysis reveals novel insights into osteoarthritis pathogenesis and diagnostic biomarkers.

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent joint disorder characterized by degeneration and inflammation. Understanding its molecular mechanisms is crucial for diagnosis and treatment.

Methods: We employed bioinformatics analyses to study OA using gene expression data.

Improvement and application of back random response detection: Based on cumulative sum and change point analysis.

In educational and psychological assessments, benefiting from back random response (BRR) is a major type of rapid guessing in misfitting item score patterns. Person-fit statistics (PFS) based on cumulative sum (CUSUM) and change point analysis (CPA) from statistical process control (SPC) are better than other PFS for detecting aberrant response. In this study, we developed new person-fit statistics based on three algorithms from CPA procedure and CUSUM method for detection of person misfit with dichotomous or polytomous items.

Novel Autophagy-Related Blood Biomarkers Associated with Immune Cell Infiltration in Ankylosing Spondylitis.

Background: This study aims to identify new therapeutic targets and explore the molecular mechanism of ankylosing spondylitis (AS), a rheumatic immune disease that mainly affects the sacroiliac and spinal joints. Despite extensive research, the exact cause of AS is still unknown. The research team utilized a bioinformatics approach to achieve their objectives.

Joint modeling of action sequences and action time in computer-based interactive tasks.

Process data refers to data recorded in computer-based assessments that reflect the problem-solving processes of participants and provide greater insight into how they solve problems. Action time, namely the amount of time required to complete a state transition, is also included in such data along with actions. In this study, an action-level joint model of action sequences and action time is proposed, in which the sequential response model (SRM) is used as the measurement model for action sequences, and a new log-normal action time model is proposed as the measurement model for action time.

Longitudinal joint modeling for assessing parallel interactive development of latent ability and processing speed using responses and response times.

To measure the parallel interactive development of latent ability and processing speed using longitudinal item response accuracy (RA) and longitudinal response time (RT) data, we proposed three longitudinal joint modeling approaches from the structural equation modeling perspective, namely unstructured-covariance-matrix-based longitudinal joint modeling, latent growth curve-based longitudinal joint modeling, and autoregressive cross-lagged longitudinal joint modeling. The proposed modeling approaches can not only provide the developmental trajectories of latent ability and processing speed individually, but also exploit the relationship between the change in latent ability and processing speed through the across-time relationships of these two constructs. The results of two empirical studies indicate that (1) all three models are practically applicable and have highly consistent conclusions in terms of the changes in ability and speed in the analysis of the same data set, and (2) additional analysis of the RT data and acquisition of individual processing speed measurements can reveal the parallel interactive development phenomena that are difficult to detect using RA data alone.

Don't worry about the anchor-item setting in longitudinal learning diagnostic assessments.

Previous longitudinal assessment experiences for multidimensional continuous latent constructs suggested that the set of anchor items should be proportionally representative of the total test forms in content and statistical characteristics and that they should be loaded on every domain in multidimensional tests. In such cases, the set of items containing the unit Q-matrix, which is the smallest unit representing the whole test, seems to be the natural choice for anchor items. Two simulation studies were conducted to verify the applicability of these existing insights to longitudinal learning diagnostic assessments (LDAs).

Light-driven redox deracemization of indolines and tetrahydroquinolines using a photocatalyst coupled with chiral phosphoric acid.

The integration of oxidation and enantioselective reduction enables a redox deracemization to directly access enantioenriched products from their corresponding racemates. However, the solution of the kinetically microscopic reversibility of substrates used in this oxidation/reduction unidirectional event is a great challenge. To address this issue, we have developed a light-driven strategy to enable an efficient redox deracemization of cyclamines.

One-stage and lightweight CNN detection approach with attention: Application to WBC detection of microscopic images.

White blood cell (WBC) detection in microscopic images is indispensable in medical diagnostics; however, this work, based on manual checking, is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and easily results in errors. Using object detectors for WBCs with deep convolutional neural networks can be regarded as a feasible solution. In this paper, to improve the examination precision and efficiency, a one-stage and lightweight CNN detector with an attention mechanism for detecting microscopic WBC images, and a white blood cell detection vision system are proposed.

Elucidation of the Key Therapeutic Targets and Potential Mechanisms of Marmesine against Knee Osteoarthritis via Network Pharmacological Analysis and Molecular Docking.

Background: Marmesine, a major active ingredient isolated from (Duhuo), has been reported to have multiple pharmacological activities. However, its therapeutic effects against knee osteoarthritis (OA) remain poorly investigated. The present study is aimed at uncovering the core targets and signaling pathways of marmesine against osteoarthritis using a combined method of bioinformatics and network pharmacology.

A Chemoenzymatic Cascade Combining a Hydration Catalyst with an Amine Dehydrogenase: Synthesis of Chiral Amines.

The combination of biocatalysis and transition-metal catalysis can complement synthetic gaps only in a chemical or biological process. However, the intrinsic mutual deactivation between enzymatic and chemical species is a significant challenge in a single operation. To address the above issue, we developed an encapsulated Au/carbene combined with a free amine dehydrogenase as a co-catalyst system that enables an efficient hydration/amination enantioselective cascade process to be accomplished.

Integrated Suzuki Cross-Coupling/Reduction Cascade Reaction of meta-/para-Chloroacetophenones and Arylboronic Acids under Batch and Continuous Flow Conditions.

Overcoming the incompatibility of a pair of conflicting catalysts via a flow methodology has great significance in the practical applications for multistep organic transformations. In this study, a multiple continuous-flow system is developed, which can boost the reactivity and selectivity in a sequential enantioselective cascade reaction. During this process, a periodic mesoporous organosilica-supported Pd/carbene species as a Suzuki cross-coupling catalyst is packed in the first column reactor, whereas another periodic mesoporous organosilica-supported Ru/diamine species as an asymmetric transfer hydrogenation catalyst is packed in the second column reactor.

Facile synthesis of benzo[b]thiophenes via metal-free radical-triggered intramolecular C-S bond formation.

A facile method for the synthesis of benzo[b]thiophenes with good to excellent yields via metal-free intramolecular C-S bond formation has been developed by utilizing I as a catalyst and O from air as an oxidant (20 examples). Its notable features such as catalytic I, intramolecular C-S bond formation, short reaction times, and broad functional group tolerance make this strategy highly attractive. The purification of products only needs washing with solvents, thereby avoiding traditional chromatography and recrystallization, which belongs to group-assisted purification (GAP) chemistry.