The Simultaneous Detection of Dopamine and Uric Acid In Vivo Based on a 3D Reduced Graphene Oxide-MXene Composite Electrode.

Dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA) are essential for many physiological processes in the human body. Abnormal levels of DA and UA can lead to multiple diseases, such as Parkinson's disease and gout. In this work, a three-dimensional reduced graphene oxide-MXene (3D rGO-TiC) composite electrode was prepared using a simple one-step hydrothermal reduction process, which could separate the oxidation potentials of DA and UA, enabling the simultaneous detection of DA and UA.

Amphioxus knockout disrupts the development of left-right asymmetry but has limited impact on neural patterning.

Unlabelled: The Gli transcription factors are the primary mediators of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling. Vertebrate genomes contain multiple paralogues with different functions downstream of Hh signal receipt, in part explaining the complexity of cellular responses to Hh that allow concentration-dependent target gene activation. Amphioxus is a chordate that split from the vertebrate lineage early in the evolution of chordates, before the genome duplications that occurred in early vertebrate evolution.

Classification of Schizophrenia by Combination of Brain Effective and Functional Connectivity.

At present, lots of studies have tried to apply machine learning to different electroencephalography (EEG) measures for diagnosing schizophrenia (SZ) patients. However, most EEG measures previously used are either a univariate measure or a single type of brain connectivity, which may not fully capture the abnormal brain changes of SZ patients. In this paper, event-related potentials were collected from 45 SZ patients and 30 healthy controls (HCs) during a learning task, and then a combination of partial directed coherence (PDC) effective and phase lag index (PLI) functional connectivity were used as features to train a support vector machine classifier with leave-one-out cross-validation for classification of SZ from HCs.

Step-wise evolution of neural patterning by Hedgehog signalling in chordates.

In vertebrate embryos, Hedgehog (Hh) is expressed in some anterior basal plate domains and by notochord and floorplate cells, and ventral neural cells are patterned by the activities of Hh-regulated transcription factors. Hh signalling is antagonized by signals from the dorsal neural tube and loss of Hh leads to loss of ventral patterning as dorsal pattern expands. These mechanisms are critical for producing the neurons that implement motor responses to sensory inputs but understanding how they evolved has been hindered by lack of insight from commonly studied invertebrates where nervous system morphology and genetic mechanisms are non-conserved with vertebrates.

Dynamic changes of brain networks during feedback-related processing of reinforcement learning in schizophrenia.

Previous studies have reported that schizophrenia (SZ) patients showed selective reinforcement learning deficits and abnormal feedback-related event-related potential (ERP) components. However, how the brain networks and their topological properties evolve over time during transient feedback-related cognition processing in SZ patients has not been investigated so far. In this paper, using publicly available feedback-related ERP data which were recorded from SZ patients and healthy controls (HC) when they performed a reinforcement learning task, we carried out an event-related network analysis where topology of brain functional networks was characterized with some graph measures including clustering coefficient (C), global efficiency (E) and local efficiency (E) on a millisecond timescale.

Dense U-net Based on Patch-Based Learning for Retinal Vessel Segmentation.

Various retinal vessel segmentation methods based on convolutional neural networks were proposed recently, and Dense U-net as a new semantic segmentation network was successfully applied to scene segmentation. Retinal vessel is tiny, and the features of retinal vessel can be learned effectively by the patch-based learning strategy. In this study, we proposed a new retinal vessel segmentation framework based on Dense U-net and the patch-based learning strategy.

The same modality medical image registration with large deformation and clinical application based on adaptive diffeomorphic multi-resolution demons.

Background: Diffeomorphic demons can not only guarantee smooth and reversible deformation, but also avoid unreasonable deformation. However, the number of iterations which has great influence on the registration result needs to be set manually.

Methods: This study proposed a novel method to exploit the adaptive diffeomorphic multi-resolution demons algorithm to the non-rigid registration of the same modality medical images with large deformation.

The resilience status of Chinese left-behind children in rural areas: a meta-analysis.

The resilience has become the main trend of the left-behind children's (LBC) mental health research. To evaluate the resilience status of Chinese LBC in rural areas, a meta-analysis was performed. Relevant studies were identified using electronic databases from 1990 to 2017.

Adaptive Diffeomorphic Multiresolution Demons and Their Application to Same Modality Medical Image Registration with Large Deformation.

Diffeomorphic demons can guarantee smooth and reversible deformation and avoid unreasonable deformation. However, the number of iterations needs to be set manually, and this greatly influences the registration result. In order to solve this problem, we proposed adaptive diffeomorphic multiresolution demons in this paper.

Frailty index and its associations with self-neglect, social support and sociodemographic characteristics among older adults in rural China.

Aim: The frailty index is used to measure the health status of older individuals. However, its association with self-neglect, social support and sociodemographic characteristics of older adults is underexplored. The purpose of the present study was to explore such associations among the rural older adults in Anhui Province of China, and to provide scientific evidence for policy-makers to improve the health and well-being of older adults in rural China.

Chronic pain and its association with obesity among older adults in China.

Objectives: There is a paucity of epidemiological data on chronic pain and obesity among older adults. This study attempted to present the characterization of chronic pain and its association with obesity among the Chinese elderly.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was undertaken among 6524 elderly individuals aged ≥60 years in China.

Risk factors of geriatric depression in rural China based on a generalized estimating equation.

Unlabelled: ABSTRACTBackground:The number of elderly individuals living in China is increasing rapidly. The aim of this study was to examine the potential risk factors of geriatric depression in rural areas.

Methods: A repeated cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2015 and October 2016 in rural China.

The prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization: evidence from 70 studies.

Objective: A growing number of studies have investigated the prevalence of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) around the world. The aim of this study was to systematically estimate the pooled prevalence of MIH.

Methods: A comprehensive literature research was completed in English and Chinese databases.

Effect of Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Gene TaqIB Polymorphism on the Risk of Ischemic Stroke: A Meta-Analysis.

Background: The association between cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) TaqIB polymorphism and ischemic stroke (IS) risk has generated conflicting results. To investigate whether the TaqIB polymorphism of the CETP gene was associated with the risk of IS, a meta-analysis was performed.

Methods: Studies were retrieved by searching PubMed, Web of Science, the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, the Chinese Wanfang Database, and the Chinese VIP Database before January 16, 2017.

Estimation of the cool executive function using frontal electroencephalogram signals in first-episode schizophrenia patients.

Background: In schizophrenia, executive dysfunction is the most critical cognitive impairment, and is associated with abnormal neural activities, especially in the frontal lobes. Complexity estimation using electroencephalogram (EEG) recording based on nonlinear dynamics and task performance tests have been widely used to estimate executive dysfunction in schizophrenia.

Methods: The present study estimated the cool executive function based on fractal dimension (FD) values of EEG data recorded from first-episode schizophrenia patients and healthy controls during the performance of three cool executive function tasks, namely, the Trail Making Test-A (TMT-A), Trail Making Test-B (TMT-B), and Tower of Hanoi tasks.

Association of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to childhood asthma: A meta-analysis.

Background: As for the association of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to pediatric asthma, results of published studies yielded conflicts. A systematic review was conducted on the relationship between childhood asthma and VDR gene polymorphisms, including ApaI (rs7975232), BsmI (rs1544410), FokI (rs2228570), and TaqI (rs731236).

Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, CBM (Chinese Biomedical Database), CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), and Wanfang (Chinese) database were searched for relevant studies.

The Mitochondrial Genomes of Aquila fasciata and Buteo lagopus (Aves, Accipitriformes): Sequence, Structure and Phylogenetic Analyses.

The family Accipitridae is one of the largest groups of non-passerine birds, including 68 genera and 243 species globally distributed. In the present study, we determined the complete mitochondrial sequences of two species of accipitrid, namely Aquila fasciata and Buteo lagopus, and conducted a comparative mitogenome analysis across the family. The mitogenome length of A.

The complete mitochondrial genome of the yellow-browed bunting, Emberiza chrysophrys (Passeriformes: Emberizidae), and phylogenetic relationships within the genus Emberiza.

Mitochondrial genomes have proved to be powerful tools in resolving phylogenetic relationships. Emberiza chrysophrys (least concern species: IUCN 2013) is a passerine bird in the bunting family, Emberizidae. The complete mitochondrial genome of E.

Complete mitochondrial genome of the Eurasian siskin, Spinus spinus (Passeriformes: Fringillidae).

The Eurasian siskin (Spinus spinus), also called the European siskin, common siskin or just siskin, is found throughout Europe and Asia. In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of S. spinus was determined to be 16,828 bp.

Complete mitochondrial genome of the Black-capped Bulbul, Pycnonotus melanicterus (Passeriformes: Pycnonotidae).

The first complete maternally-inherited mitochondrial genome of Pycnonotus melanicterus has been sequenced and annotated in this study. The mitogenome is 17,011 bp in size with an A+T content of 55.15%, consisting of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, 2 ribosomal RNA (srRNA and lrRNA) genes, and 2 extensive heteroplasmic control regions.

High transfection efficiency of quantum dot-antisense oligonucleotide nanoparticles in cancer cells through dual-receptor synergistic targeting.

Incorporating ligands with nanoparticle-based carriers for specific delivery of therapeutic nucleic acids (such as antisense oligonucleotides and siRNA) to tumor sites is a promising approach in anti-cancer strategies. However, nanoparticle-based carriers remain insufficient in terms of the selectivity and transfection efficiency. In this paper, we designed a dual receptor-targeted QDs gene carrier QD-(AS-ODN+GE11+c(RGDfK)) which could increase the cellular uptake efficiency and further enhance the transfection efficiency.

Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of Collared Finchbill, Spizixos semitorques (Passeriformes: Pycnonotidae).

The complete mitochondrial genome of Spizixos semitorques is 17,045 bp long with an A+T content of 55.52%, which composed of 13 typical protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, 2 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, and 2 extensive heteroplasmic control regions (CR1 and CR2). Genome organization of S.

Complete mitochondrial genome of the Blue Eared Pheasant, Crossoptilon auritum (Galliformes: Phasianidae).

The circular mitochondrial genome of Crossoptilon auritum is 16,687 bp in length, containing 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and a putative control region. All of the genes encoded on the H-strand, except for one PCG (nad6) and eight tRNA genes (tRNA(Gln), tRNA (Ala), tRNA (Asn), tRNA(Cys), tRNA(Tyr), tRNA(Ser)((UCN)), tRNA(Pro), and tRNA(Glu)), as found in many other birds' mitochondrial genomes. All of these PCGs are initiated with ATG, except for cox1 and nad5, which began with GTG, while stopped by four types of stop codons.