Colon cancer-cell-specific drug delivery by gemcitabine conjugated with peptide chain targeting ENO1.

Gemcitabine, a chemotherapeutic agent widely approved for treating various cancers, faces significant clinical challenges, including drug resistance and poor tumor selectivity. To address the limitation of inadequate tumor targeting, a peptide chain was developed to specifically bind to colon cancer cells and conjugated to gemcitabine via aldehyde-amine condensation. This study aimed to exploit the oncogenic activity of the multifunctional protein α-Enolase (ENO1).