Metabonomics analysis of aqueous humor samples from cataract patients with branch retinal vein occlusion.

Cataract (CAT) has a very high incidence rate among the middle-aged and elderly, with most patients complicated by branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO), a key cause of blindness. In this study, through metabolomic analysis of aqueous humor samples from CAT patients with BRVO, a total of 319 different metabolites were found, most of which belonged to the categories of carboxylic acids and derivatives, fatty acyls, and organooxygen compounds. The most typical metabolites were 3-methylhistidine and biliverdin, which were up-regulated, as well as the down-regulated beta-glycerophosphoric acid.

Pneumatic Retinopexy Involving the Use of Intravitreal Air Injection and Laser Photocoagulation for Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment in Phakic Eyes.

The clinical efficacy of pneumatic retinopexy (PR) using intravitreal pure air injection and laser photocoagulation for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) remains unknown. Thirty-nine consecutive patients with RRD (39 eyes) were included in this prospective case series. All patients underwent two-step PR surgery containing pure air intravitreal injection and laser photocoagulation retinopexy during hospitalization.

Autophagy Protects Ocular Surface Against Overactivated Inflammation by Degrading Retinoic Acid-Induced Gene-I in Human Conjunctival Epithelial Cells.

To evaluate the pathological role of autophagy in dry eye diseases by detecting the autophagic degradation of RIG-I, a master RNA-sensing receptor in cells. RNA-sequencing analysis and qPCR analysis of the expression level of genes related to IFN-I signaling pathway was used to evaluate the inflammatory level of cells overexpressed with RIG-I or empty vector, which was further confirmed by WB analysis. Chemical treatment (3-methyladenine, chloroquine, NHCl, rapamycin, torin 1 or trehalose) or gene knockdown was used to modulate autophagy.

Efficacy of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors in management of cystoid macular edema in retinitis pigmentosa: A meta-analysis.

Background: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAI) are often used in the treatment of cystoid macular edema (CME) in retinitis pigmentosa (RP) patients. The aim of this meta-analysis is to gain a better understanding of the overall efficacy of CAI treatment.

Methods: Databases including PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were searched to identify relevant studies.

The deubiquitinating enzyme Usp5 regulates Notch and RTK signaling during Drosophila eye development.

Usp5 belongs to the USP family of deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), which comprises the largest class of DUBs. We previously reported that loss of Usp5 impairs development of photoreceptors in Drosophila eyes, although the detailed mechanism remained unclear. In the present study, we demonstrate that Usp5 regulates both Notch and receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling.

Effects of miRNA-200b on the development of diabetic retinopathy by targeting gene.

The present study explored the effect of on the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR) by targeting vascular endothelial growth factor A () gene. The study populations consisted of 255 DR patients (case group) and 253 healthy people (control group), while the expressions of and VEGFA mRNA were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Bioinformatics software and dual-luciferase reporter assay were used to confirm as a target gene of Also, a total of 70 Wistar male rats were selected and randomly assigned into blank, normal control (NC), mimics, inhibitors, inhibitors + silencing vascular endothelial growth factor A (siVEGFA), and siVEGFA groups (=10/group) respectively.

Hyperplastic discs differentially regulates the transcriptional outputs of hedgehog signaling.

Hedgehog (Hh) acts as a morphogen to activate the transcription of diverse target genes via its downstream effector Cubitus interruptus (Ci). Currently, it is less understood how Ci recruits co-factors to activate transcription. Here we report that hyperplastic discs (hyd), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, can differentially regulate the transcriptional outputs of Hh signaling.

Drosophila USP5 controls the activation of apoptosis and the Jun N-terminal kinase pathway during eye development.

The Jun N-terminal kinase pathway plays an important role in inducing programmed cell death (apoptosis) and is activated in a variety of contexts. The deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) are proteases regulating the protein stability by ubiquitin-proteasome system. Here, for the first time, we report the phenotypes observed during eye development that are induced by deleting Drosophila USP5 gene, which encodes one of the USP subfamily of DUBs.

Roles of N-glycosylation and lipidation in Wg secretion and signaling.

Wnt members act as morphogens essential for embryonic patterning and adult homeostasis. Currently, it is still unclear how Wnt secretion and its gradient formation are regulated. In this study, we examined the roles of N-glycosylation and lipidation/acylation in regulating the activities of Wingless (Wg), the main Drosophila Wnt member.

Upper and lower tear menisci in Sjögren's syndrome dry eye.

Purpose: To measure the tear menisci in Sjögren's syndrome dry eye (SSDE) by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and to determine its relationships with the clinical tests.

Methods: Twenty-six SSDE, 26 non-SSDE, and 26 control subjects completed the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) before OCT determination of upper tear meniscus volume (UTMV), lower tear meniscus volume (LTMV), and total tear meniscus volume (TTMV). These were followed by measurements of noninvasive tear breakup time (NITBUT), fluorescein tear breakup time (FTBUT), fluorescein staining, Schirmer test, and corneal confocal microscopy.

Genetic deletion of the adenosine A2A receptor confers postnatal development of relative myopia in mice.

Purpose: To critically evaluate whether the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) plays a role in postnatal refractive development in mice.

Methods: Custom-built biometric systems specifically designed for mice were used to assess the development of relative myopia by examining refraction and biometrics in A2AR knockout (KO) mice and wild-type (WT) littermates between postnatal days (P)28 and P56. Ocular dimensions were measured by customized optical coherence tomography (OCT), refractive state by eccentric infrared photorefraction (EIR), and corneal radius of curvature by modified keratometry.

Relative axial myopia induced by prolonged light exposure in C57BL/6 mice.

Ambient lighting is essential for ocular development in many species, however, disruption in diurnal lighting cycle can affect the development in refraction and axial growth of the eye. This study investigated the effects of prolonged daily lighting on refraction and various optical components of the eye by raising C57BL/6 mice under three different light/dark cycles (18/6, 12/12 and 6/18). Egr-1 mRNA expression, apoptosis and histology of the retina and size of the scleral fibrils were evaluated in these three lighting cycles.

Spontaneous axial myopia and emmetropization in a strain of wild-type guinea pig (Cavia porcellus).

Purpose: To describe a wild-type guinea pig strain with an incidence of spontaneous axial myopia, minimal pupil responses, lack of accommodation, and apparently normal spatial vision. Such a strain is of interest because it may permit the exploration of defective emmetropization and mapping of the underlying quantitative trait loci.

Methods: Twenty-eight guinea pigs were selected from 220 animals based on binocular myopia (exceeding -1.