Oral switch vs. continued intravenous antibiotic therapy in patients with bacteraemia and sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Bacteraemia and sepsis have traditionally required continued intravenous (IV) antibiotics.

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate if early transition to oral antibiotics is non-inferior to continued IV antibiotic therapy in treating patients with bacteraemia and sepsis.

Data Sources: Data sources include MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and Wanfang databases from inception to 13 July 2024, along with clinical trial registries and Google.

Impacts of land use on phosphorus and identification of phosphate sources in groundwater and surface water of karst watersheds.

The thin soil layer with uneven distribution in karst areas facilitates the migration of phosphorus (P) to groundwater, threatening the safety of water sources seriously. To offer a scientific guidance for water pollution control and land use planning in karst areas, this study examined the relationships between land use and P in groundwater and surface water, and quantified the phosphate sources in Gaoping river basin, a small typical watershed in karst areas. Spatial distribution analysis revealed that the highest mean P concentrations in groundwater and surface water were in farmland and construction-farmland zones, respectively.

The characteristics, development methods, reporting quality, and evidence basis of diagnostic criteria in China between 1965 and 2023: A cross-sectional study.

Objective: As a large and populous country, China releases a high number of diagnostic criteria. However, the published diagnostic criteria have not yet been systematically analyzed. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the characteristics, development methods, reporting quality, and evidence basis of diagnostic criteria published in China.

Dual inhibitors of DNMT and HDAC remodels the immune microenvironment of colorectal cancer and enhances the efficacy of anti-PD-L1 therapy.

Colorectal cancer is the second most prevalent and deadly cancer worldwide. The emergence of immune checkpoint therapy has provided a revolutionary strategy for the treatment of solid tumors. However, less than 5 % of colorectal cancer patients respond to immune checkpoint therapy.

Pickering emulsion co-delivery system: Stimuli-responsive biomineralized particles act as particulate emulsifiers and bioactive carriers.

Pickering emulsions provide a promising platform for the efficient delivery of bioactive. However, co-delivery of fragile bioactives with different physicochemical properties for comprehensive effects still faces practical challenges due to the limited protection for bioactives and the lack of stimuli-responsive property for on-demand release. Herein, a stimuli-responsive co-delivery system is developed based on biomineralized particles stabilized Pickering emulsions.

The effects of delayed appropriate antimicrobial therapy on children with Staphylococcus aureus blood infection.

Early appropriate antimicrobial therapy plays a critical role for patients with Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection (SAB). We aim to determine the optimal time-window for appropriate antimicrobial therapy and evaluate the effects of delayed therapy on adverse clinical outcomes (in-hospital mortality, sepsis, and septic shock) in children with SAB by propensity score matching (PSM) analysis. Receiver-operating characteristic was used to determine the cut-off point of the time to appropriate therapy (TTAT), the patients were divided into timely and delayed appropriate antimicrobial therapy (delayed therapy) groups accordingly.

Patient and public involvement in systematic reviews: frequency, determinants, stages, barriers, and dissemination.

Objectives: To investigate the frequency, determinants, stages, and barriers of patient and public involvement (PPI) in systematic reviews and to explore its association with the dissemination of reviews.

Study Design And Setting: We examined systematic reviews that required the inclusion of a PPI declaration, published in The BMJ between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2022. Multivariable analysis was used to assess the association between PPI and key variables.

Dual inhibitors of DNMT and HDAC induce viral mimicry to induce antitumour immunity in breast cancer.

The existing conventional treatments for breast cancer, including immune checkpoint blockade, exhibit limited effects in some cancers, particularly triple-negative breast cancer. Epigenetic alterations, specifically DNMT and HDAC alterations, are implicated in breast cancer pathogenesis. We demonstrated that DNMTs and HDACs are overexpressed and positively correlated in breast cancer.

Microbially Inspired Calcium Carbonate Precipitation Pathway Integrated Polyelectrolyte Capsules (MICPC) for Biomolecules Release.

Complexation between oppositely charged polyelectrolytes offers a facile single-step strategy for assembling functional micro-nano carriers for efficient drug and vaccine delivery. However, the stability of the delivery system within the physiological environment is compromised due to the swelling of the polyelectrolyte complex, driven by the charge shielding effect, and consequently leads to uncontrollable burst release, thereby limiting its potential applications. In a pioneering approach, cellular pathway-inspired calcium carbonate precipitation pathways are developed that are integrated into polyelectrolyte capsules (MICPC).

Hemoadsorption and Coagulation Systemic Rebalance in Patients Undergoing Nonelective Cardiac Surgery and Treated with Antithrombotics.

Introduction: Insufficient withdrawal duration of antithrombotics leads to excessive bleeding after major surgery. We hypothesize that intraoperative hemoadsorption (HA) can reduce postoperative allogeneic transfusion requirements and excessive bleeding events (EBE), without an increase in ischemic/thromboembolic events (ITE) in patients who have taken antithrombotics and undergone nonelective cardiac surgery.

Methods: A total of 460 patients admitted to our hospital from 2018 to 2022 were included in this study and divided into two groups: HA and non-HA.

Novel dual inhibitors of PARP and HDAC induce intratumoral STING-mediated antitumor immunity in triple-negative breast cancer.

PARP inhibitors and HDAC inhibitors have been approved for the clinical treatment of malignancies, but acquired resistance of or limited effects on solid tumors with a single agent remain as challenges. Bioinformatics analyses and a combination of experiments had demonstrated the synergistic effects of PARP and HDAC inhibitors in triple-negative breast cancer. A series of novel dual PARP and HDAC inhibitors were rationally designed and synthesized, and these molecules exhibited high enzyme inhibition activity with excellent antitumor effects in vitro and in vivo.

Phenylethanoid glycosides derived from Cistanche deserticola promote neurological functions and the proliferation of neural stem cells for improving ischemic stroke.

Phenylethanoid glycosides derived from Cistanche deserticola (PhGs) are plant-derived natural medicinal compounds that occur in many medicinal plants. This study aims to investigate whether PhGs treatment improves the stroke and its potential mechanisms. Adult male C57BL/6 J mice were administrated PhGs once daily for 7 days after MCAO surgery.

The association between PM2.5 concentration and the severity of acute asthmatic exacerbation in hospitalized children: A retrospective study in Chongqing, China.

Background: Ambient PM2.5 is associated with asthma exacerbation. The association between the concentration of PM2.

Dysregulation of iron homeostasis in airways associated with persistent preschool wheezing.

Background: Currently, there are no reliable clinical tools available to identify persistent asthma symptoms among preschool children with recurrent wheezing. We investigated iron homeostasis in the airways of preschoolers with recurrent wheezing and assessed whether iron homeostasis-related indices may reliably predict persistent wheezing.

Methods: Iron levels and mRNA expression levels of iron homeostasis molecules were examined in bronchoalveolar lavage samples from 89 preschoolers with recurrent wheezing and 56 controls, with a 12-month follow-up conducted.

The role of small airway function parameters in preschool asthmatic children.

Background: Small airways are the major sites of inflammation and airway remodeling in all severities of asthma patients. However, whether small airway function parameters could reflect the airway dysfunction feature in preschool asthmatic children remain unclear. We aim to investigate the role of small airway function parameters in evaluating airway dysfunction, airflow limitation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR).

Effect of Acute PM2.5 Exposure on Lung Function in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify the adverse effects of acute PM2.5 exposure on lung function in children.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Spatial variation in the community structure and response of benthic macroinvertebrates to multiple environmental factors in mountain rivers.

Exploring the response between benthic community changes and environmental variables has significance for restoring the health of river ecosystems. However, little is known of the impact on communities of interactions between multiple environmental factors, and frequent changes in the flow of mountain rivers are different from those in the flow of plain river networks, which also impact differently the benthic community. Thus, there is a need for research on the response of benthic communities to environmental changes in mountain rivers under flow regulation.

Transcriptomic analysis identified SLC40A1 as a key iron metabolism-related gene in airway macrophages in childhood allergic asthma.

Asthma is the most common chronic condition in children, with allergic asthma being the most common phenotype, accounting for approximately 80% of cases. Growing evidence suggests that disruption of iron homeostasis and iron regulatory molecules may be associated with childhood allergic asthma. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear.

Vancomycin efficiency and safety of a dosage of 40-60 mg/kg/d and corresponding trough concentrations in children with Gram-positive bacterial sepsis.

Background: Optimal vancomycin trough concentrations and dosages remain controversial in sepsis children. We aim to investigate vancomycin treatment outcomes with a dosage of 40-60 mg/kg/d and corresponding trough concentrations in children with Gram-positive bacterial sepsis from a clinical perspective.

Methods: Children diagnosed with Gram-positive bacterial sepsis and received intravenous vancomycin therapy between January 2017 and June 2020 were enrolled retrospectively.

Effectiveness of intraoperative peritoneal lavage with saline in patient with intra-abdominal infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Intraoperative peritoneal lavage (IOPL) with saline has been widely used in surgical practice. However, the effectiveness of IOPL with saline in patients with intra-abdominal infections (IAIs) remains controversial. This study aims to systematically review randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effectiveness of IOPL in patients with IAIs.

Reporting standards for child health research were few and poorly implemented.

Objectives: This study aims to identify existing reporting standards for child health research, assess the robustness of the standards development process, and evaluate the dissemination of these standards.

Study Design And Setting: We searched MEDLINE, the EQUATOR Network Library, and Google to identify reporting standards for child health research studies. We assessed the adherence of the Guidance for Developers of Health Research Reporting Guidelines (GDHRG) by the identified reporting standards.

Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal in Farmlands and Crops Near Pb-Zn Mine Tailing Ponds in Niujiaotang, China.

To accurately evaluate the pollution and risk of heavy metals in crops and farmlands near mines, we determined the contents of Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Cd, Pb, and Zn in 10 farmland soil sampling sites and six crops (pak choi, rice, spring onion, radish, Chinese cabbage, ) in an area near the Niujiaotang Pb-Zn mine in Duyun City, China. Four evaluation methods were compared, including the potential ecological hazard index, Nemeiro comprehensive pollution assessment, risk assessment code, and the ratio of secondary phase to primary phase methods. The average concentration of As, Cd, Pb, and Zn exceeded the soil environmental background levels in Niujiaotang and Guizhou Province.