Using hierarchical drift diffusion models to elucidate computational mechanisms of reduced reward sensitivity in adolescent major depressive disorder.

Background: Anhedonia-a core symptom of major depressive disorder (MDD)-is closely related to diminished reward sensitivity. Nonetheless, the psychopathological and computational mechanism underlying anhedonia in young patients with MDD remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to investigate reward sensitivity in adolescents and young adults with MDD using computational modelling.

Refining antipsychotic treatment strategies in schizophrenia: discovery of genetic biomarkers for enhanced drug response prediction.

Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a severe mental disorder affecting around 1% of individuals worldwide. The variability in response to antipsychotic drugs (APDs) among SCZ patients presents a significant challenge for clinicians in determining the most effective medication. In this study, we investigated the biological markers and established a predictive model for APD response based on a large-scale genome-wide association study using 3269 Chinese schizophrenia patients.

A case report of adolescent lactation due to the drug blonanserin.

Background: Second-generation antipsychotic drugs are increasingly used to treat depressive disorders with psychotic symptoms. In addition to effectively managing psychotic symptoms, second-generation antipsychotics can also result in adverse drug reactions in patients, which should not be underestimated.

Case Presentation: We report the case of 14 years old unmarried female patient with depression.

A Transdiagnostic Network Analysis of Childhood Trauma and Psychopathology.

Background And Hypothesis: Psychiatric comorbidities suggest that symptoms overlap across different diagnoses; the transdiagnostic network approach is valuable for studying psychopathology. Childhood trauma is a common transdiagnostic risk factor for psychiatric disorders, but the complex relationship between childhood trauma and psychopathology has seldom been investigated using a large cross-sectional transdiagnostic sample.

Study Design: This study recruited 869 patients with different diagnoses, including 418 schizophrenia, 215 bipolar disorder, and 236 major depressive disorder.

Prevalence and clinical correlates of benzodiazepine use in the patients with major depressive disorder.

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a serious and disabling condition characterized by abnormal mood changes. Clinical guidelines for depression treatment recommend antidepressant medications, with benzodiazepines acting as short-term synergists. However, little is currently known about the prevalence and associated clinical risk factors of benzodiazepine use among Chinese patients with MDD.

The network characteristics in schizophrenia with prominent negative symptoms: a multimodal fusion study.

Previous studies on putative neural mechanisms of negative symptoms in schizophrenia mainly used single modal imaging data, and seldom utilized schizophrenia patients with prominent negative symptoms (PNS).This study adopted the multimodal fusion method and recruited a homogeneous sample with PNS. We aimed to identify negative symptoms-related structural and functional neural correlates of schizophrenia.

Range adaptive value representations in schizophrenia and major depression.

Anhedonia and amotivation are core symptoms of schizophrenia (SCZ) and major depressive disorder (MDD). Reward processing involves constructing and contrasting the representations for expected value (EV) and outcome value (OV) of a given stimulus, a phenomenon termed range adaptation. Impaired range adaptation can lead to anhedonia and amotivation.

Sex differences in subjective cognitive impairment and clinical correlates in Chinese patients with subthreshold depression.

Objective: Subthreshold depression (SD) is a global mental health problem given its high prevalence, comorbidity, functional impairment, and its association with increased service utilization. However, currently little is known about sex differences of SD in cognitive impairment with clinical correlates. This study aims to explore sex differences in subjective cognitive impairment and clinically associated risk factors in Chinese patients with subthreshold depression (SD).

Amisulpride augmentation therapy improves cognitive performance and psychopathology in clozapine-resistant treatment-refractory schizophrenia: a 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Although clozapine is an effective option for treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS), there are still 1/3 to 1/2 of TRS patients who do not respond to clozapine. The main purpose of this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was to explore the amisulpride augmentation efficacy on the psychopathological symptoms and cognitive function of clozapine-resistant treatment-refractory schizophrenia (CTRS) patients.

Methods: A total of 80 patients were recruited and randomly assigned to receive initial clozapine plus amisulpride (amisulpride group) or clozapine plus placebo (placebo group).

Multi-omics analysis identifies rare variation in leptin/PPAR gene sets and hypermethylation of ABCG1 contribute to antipsychotics-induced metabolic syndromes.

Antipsychotic-induced metabolic syndrome (APs-induced Mets) is the most common adverse drug reaction, which affects more than 60% of the psychiatric patients. Although the etiology of APs-induced Mets has been extensively investigated, there is a lack of integrated analysis of the genetic and epigenetic factors. In this study, we performed genome-wide, whole-exome sequencing (WES) and epigenome-wide association studies in schizophrenia (SCZ) patients with or without APs-induced Mets to find the underlying mechanisms, followed by in vitro and in vivo functional validations.

Revisiting the latent structure of negative symptoms in schizophrenia: Evidence from two second-generation clinical assessments.

Background: Negative symptoms are core symptom of schizophrenia, and many previous research studied the latent structure of negative symptoms based on a single measurement scale. Applying two second-generation negative symptom scales to the same sample can address measurement-invariance of latent structure.

Methods: Three-hundred-and-five schizophrenia patients were assessed using the CAINS and the BNSS.

Emotion Context Insensitivity is generalized in individuals with major depressive disorder but not in those with subclinical depression.

Background: Depressed individuals experience deficits in emotional reactivity. One well-established theory is the Emotion Context Insensitivity (ECI) theory. To better understand impairments in emotional reactivity, we investigated whether the ECI theory is applicable to anticipatory, consummatory, and remembered affect, in both clinical and subclinical depression.

Reduced learning bias towards the reward context in medication-naive first-episode schizophrenia patients.

Background: Reinforcement learning has been proposed to contribute to the development of amotivation in individuals with schizophrenia (SZ). Accumulating evidence suggests dysfunctional learning in individuals with SZ in Go/NoGo learning and expected value representation. However, previous findings might have been confounded by the effects of antipsychotic exposure.

Negative belief-updating bias for positive daily life events in individuals with schizophrenia and social anhedonia.

Introduction: Low-pleasure beliefs are found in both patients with schizophrenia (SZ) and individuals with high social anhedonia (SocAnh), and are associated with anhedonia. However, little is known about the development and maintenance of these low-pleasure beliefs in the clinical and subclinical populations. We investigated whether patients with SZ and individuals with high SocAnh have deficits in updating their beliefs, which may contribute to the understanding of the formation and maintenance of low-pleasure beliefs.

Sex difference in the interrelationship between TNF-α and oxidative stress status in first-episode drug-naïve schizophrenia.

Background: Increasing evidence indicates that dysregulated TNF-α and oxidative stress (OxS) contribute to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Additionally, previous evidence has demonstrated sex differences in many aspects of schizophrenia including clinical characteristics, cytokines, and OxS markers. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no study investigating sex differences in the association between TNF-α, the OxS system, and their interaction with clinical symptoms in schizophrenia patients, especially in first-episode drug-naïve (FEDN) patients.

MicroRNA-195 predicts olanzapine response in drug-free patients with schizophrenia: A prospective cohort study.

Background: Disturbances of microRNA-195 have been implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. However, microRNA-195 levels in schizophrenia are controversial.

Aims: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to examine microRNA-195 levels in untreated schizophrenia patients and their relationship to olanzapine response.

Sex difference in cognitive impairment in drug-free schizophrenia: Association with miR-195 levels.

Objective: There is evidence that microRNA-195 (miR-195) is associated with schizophrenia (SZ) and cognition, but the relationship between miR-195 and cognitive impairment in SZ is still unknown. Sex differences in both microRNA (miRNA) expression and cognition were found in SZ. We aim to investigate whether sex moderates the relationship between miR-195 levels and cognition in SZ.

Interaction between TNF-α and oxidative stress status in first-episode drug-naïve schizophrenia.

There has been evidence that the disturbances of TNF-α and the oxidative stress (OxS) status are involved in the mechanism of schizophrenia. However, the results of their levels in schizophrenia are still controversial, and their interactions have not yet been examined, especially in first-episode drug-naïve (FEDN) patients. We therefore applied Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) method to compare peripheral blood serum TNF-α, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in 119 FEDN patients with schizophrenia and 135 healthy controls.

Disturbance of Oxidative Stress Parameters in Treatment-Resistant Bipolar Disorder and Their Association With Electroconvulsive Therapy Response.

Objective: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective option for treatment-resistant bipolar disorder (trBD). However, the mechanisms of its effect are unknown. Oxidative stress is thought to be involved in the underpinnings of BD.

Revisiting anticipatory hedonic processing in patients with schizophrenia: An examination between representation activation and maintenance.

Background: Anticipatory anhedonia is one of the key deficits found in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ). However, the underlying mechanism of this deficit remains unclear. The present study examined whether representation activation and maintenance capacity influenced anticipatory experiences in SCZ patients.

Predicting individual responses to lithium with oxidative stress markers in drug-free bipolar disorder.

This is the first study to investigate the oxidative stress (OxS) levels in drug-free bipolar disorder (BD) patients and their association with lithium response. A total of 61 drug-free BD patients and 49 controls were included. Patients treated with lithium were followed-up for 6 weeks.

The remediation effects of working memory training in schizophrenia patients with prominent negative symptoms.

Negative symptoms, particularly amotivation and anhedonia, are important predictors of poor functional outcome in patients with schizophrenia. There has been interest in the efficacy and mechanism of non-pharmacological interventions to alleviate these symptoms. The present study aimed to examine the remediation effect of working memory (WM) training in patients with schizophrenia with prominent negative symptoms.