Triglyceride-Glucose Index Levels Positively Associated with Higher Risk of Low Muscle Mass in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

Aim: Although the interplay of insulin resistance (IR) and low muscle mass is increasingly recognized, it remains unknown whether the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, as an indicator of IR, is associated with low muscle mass in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Our study aimed to investigate the association between TyG index and low muscle mass in hospitalized T2D patients.

Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 2687 hospitalized participants with T2D.

Constructing Pd and Cu Crowding Single Atoms by Protein Confinement to Promote Sonogashira Reaction.

For multicenter-catalyzed reactions, it is important to accurately construct heterogeneous catalysts containing multiple active centers with high activity and low cost, which is more challenging compared to homogeneous catalysts because of the low activity and spatial confinement of active centers in the loaded state. Herein, a convenient protein confinement strategy is reported to locate Pd and Cu single atoms in crowding state on carbon coated alumina for promoting Sonogashira reaction, the most powerful method for constructing the acetylenic moiety in molecules. The single-atomic Pd and Cu centers take advantage in not only the maximized atomic utilization for low cost, but also the much-enhanced performance by facilitating the activation of aryl halides and alkynes.

PANoptosis-related long non-coding RNA signature to predict the prognosis and immune landscapes of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Background: Cancer growth is significantly influenced by processes such as pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis that underlie PANoptosis, a proinflammatory programmed cell death. Several studies have examined the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) associated with pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD). However, the predictive value of lncRNAs related to PANoptosis for PAAD has not been established.

The link between self-uncertainty and conspicuous consumption: Tolerance of uncertainty as a moderator.

This study, based on self-affirmation theory, aims to investigate the impact of self-uncertainty on individual consumption behavior. Self-uncertainty was categorized into moral, cognitive, and interpersonal self-uncertainty, and different types of self-uncertainty were manipulated through four experiments, including a moral dilemma, a recall paradigm, and a picture quiz task written by E-Prime software to examine the effects of different types of self-uncertainty on conspicuous consumption and their possible boundary conditions. Our results show that moral, cognitive, and interpersonal self-uncertainty contribute to a stronger tendency to engage in conspicuous consumption.

Inserting Single-Atom Zn by Tannic Acid Confinement To Regulate the Selectivity of Pd Nanocatalysts for Hydrogenation Reactions.

Precisely controlling the selectivity of nanocatalysts has always been a hot topic in heterogeneous catalysis but remains difficult owing to their complex and inhomogeneous catalytic sites. Herein, an effective strategy to regulate the chemoselectivity of Pd nanocatalysts for selective hydrogenation reactions by inserting single-atom Zn into Pd nanoparticles is reported. Taking advantage of the tannic acid coating-confinement strategy, small-sized Pd nanoparticles with inserted single-atom Zn are obtained on the O-doped carbon-coated alumina.

Being Negatively Cued, are People Less Cooperative? The Influence of Watching Eyes on Cooperative Behavior.

In the course of human evolution, watching eyes have had an important influence on individual cooperative behavior. However, researchers have not explored how the valence of watching eyes affects cooperative behavior. Therefore, this study includes three studies to investigate the effect of watching eyes with different valences on cooperative behavior.

Construction of a cancer-associated fibroblasts-related long non-coding RNA signature to predict prognosis and immune landscape in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are an essential cell population in the pancreatic cancer tumor microenvironment and are extensively involved in drug resistance and immune evasion mechanisms. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in pancreatic cancer evolution and regulate the biological behavior mediated by CAFs. However, there is a lack of understanding of the prognostic signatures of CAFs-associated lncRNAs in pancreatic cancer patients.

Clinical Characteristics of Patients With MODY: A Literature Review and Retrospective Chart Review.

The clinical manifestation of hepatocyte nuclear factor-1-alpha () maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is highly variable. This study aims to investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with MODY in general, by geographical regions (Asian or non-Asian), mutations, and islet autoantibody status. A literature review and a chart review of patients with MODY were performed.

Surgical Resection of Pancreatic Hepatoid Carcinoma Followed by Combined Transarterial Chemoembolization and Immunotherapy: A Case Report.

Pancreatic hepatoid carcinoma (HC) is a heterogeneous tumor with high degree of malignancy and poor prognosis, which display cytological and/or structural features of focal hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). For the low incidence and atypical clinical symptoms, it is possible to be diagnosed as pancreatic cancer before operation, and mainly depending on the pathological examination. To the best of our knowledge, surgery combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy is the common treatment of pancreatic HC.

Meta-Analysis of the Relationship between Abdominal Obesity and Diabetic Kidney Disease in Type 2 Diabetic Patients.

Background And Objectives: The meta-analysis aimed to investigate the association of visceral fat area (VFA), waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio (WHR) and waist-height ratio (WHtR) with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in type 2 diabetic patients.

Methods: Included studies were searched from Pubmed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library before July 2020. We synthesized the pooled results of the above relationships by meta-analysis.

U.S. Phase I First-in-human Study of Taletrectinib (DS-6051b/AB-106), a ROS1/TRK Inhibitor, in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors.

Purpose: Taletrectinib (DS-6051b/AB-106) is an oral, tyrosine kinase inhibitor of ROS1 and NTRK with potent preclinical activity against G2032R solvent-front mutation among others. We report the first-in-human U.S.

Optimal Cut-Offs of Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference to Identify Obesity in Chinese Type 2 Diabetic Patients.

Purpose: The prevalence of general obesity (commonly defined by body mass index (BMI) in kg/m) and abdominal obesity (commonly assessed by waist circumference (WC)) has increased rapidly in China. The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of traditional cut-offs for BMI or WC to identify general or abdominal obesity in Chinese type 2 diabetic patients and propose optimal cut-offs.

Patients And Methods: BMI and WC were obtained from 1539 type 2 diabetic patients.

Bioequivalence and Bioavailability of an Orodispersible Tablet of Sildenafil Citrate in Healthy Chinese Male Subjects.

Sildenafil citrate is approved to treat erectile dysfunction. An orally disintegrating tablet (ODT) of sildenafil citrate that does not require swallowing or administration with fluids has been developed. The bioequivalence and bioavailability of sildenafil citrate ODT (50 mg) without and with water were compared with conventional sildenafil citrate tablets (50 mg) in an open-label, randomized crossover study.

Early-onset type 2 diabetes: A high-risk factor for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in patients with microalbuminuria.

We aim to explore the relationship between early-onset diabetes and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with microalbuminuria.A total of 461 T2DM patients with microalbuminuria were enrolled. Subjects were defined as early-onset or late-onset based on the age at which they were diagnosed with diabetes (<40 and ≥40 years, respectively).

Multiple-dose ponezumab for mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease: Safety and efficacy.

Introduction: Multiple intravenous doses of ponezumab, an anti-amyloid antibody, were evaluated in subjects with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods: In part A, 77 subjects were randomized to ponezumab 0.1, 0.

Population Pharmacokinetics of Eplerenone in Japanese Patients With Chronic Heart Failure.

To characterize eplerenone pharmacokinetics (PK) in Japanese chronic heart failure (CHF) patients and to estimate the impact of factors that may affect eplerenone PK, population pharmacokinetic (PPK) analysis was conducted. In addition, PK of Japanese CHF and Western CHF patients from a previous clinical pharmacology study were compared in the analysis. Eplerenone PK was characterized by a 1-compartment PPK model with first-order absorption and lag time in Japanese CHF patients.

Parasitological Clearance Rates and Drug Concentrations of a Fixed Dose Combination of Azithromycin-Chloroquine in Asymptomatic Pregnant Women with Plasmodium Falciparum Parasitemia: An Open-Label, Non-Comparative Study in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Background: Malaria remains one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in pregnant women and their newborn babies in sub-Saharan Africa. Intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp) is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) to reduce the burden of disease and improve maternal and neonatal survival and general health. Due to the growing resistance to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP), the current WHO-recommended drug for IPTp, identification of new and effective drugs is an urgent priority.

Comparison of azithromycin plus chloroquine versus artemether-lumefantrine for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in children in Africa: a randomized, open-label study.

Background: This randomized, open-label study was conducted to establish the non-inferiority of a combination of azithromycin (AZ) and chloroquine (CQ) to artemether-lumefantrine (AL) for treatment of uncomplicated malaria in children from six sites in sub-Saharan Africa.

Methods: Children with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria between six and 59 months of age were randomized 1:1 to either AZCQ (30 mg/kg AZ + 10 mg/kg CQ base) or AL per prescribing information for three days (Days 0, 1, 2). Each site could enrol in the study population once the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in five children five to 12 years of age was deemed to be effective and well tolerated.

Population pharmacokinetics of azithromycin and chloroquine in healthy adults and paediatric malaria subjects following oral administration of fixed-dose azithromycin and chloroquine combination tablets.

Background: Population pharmacokinetics (PK) of azithromycin (AZ) and chloroquine (CQ) following administration of fixed-dose combination tablet formulations of AZ and CQ (AZCQ) was evaluated using data from two studies: 1) in children with symptomatic uncomplicated falciparum malaria in sub-Saharan Africa; and 2) in healthy adults in the United States.

Methods: Study 1 included paediatric subjects randomized to either AZCQ or artemether-lumefantrine treatment in Cohort 1 (age 5-12 years) and Cohort 2 (age 6-59 months). Dosing of AZCQ was approximately 30 mg/kg AZ and 10 mg/kg CQ once daily for 3 days (for ≥20 kg weight: AZ/CQ 300/100 mg per tablet; 5 to <20 kg weight: AZ/CQ 150/50 mg per tablet).

Safety and pharmacokinetics of PF-04360365 following a single-dose intravenous infusion in Japanese subjects with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation study.

Objective: PF-04360365 is a humanized IgG(2)Δa anti-amyloid β (Aβ) antibody designed to improve outcome in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Single doses of 0.1 - 10 mg/kg were safe and well tolerated in Western (mostly Caucasian) subjects with mild-to-moderate AD.

Safety and pharmacology of a single intravenous dose of ponezumab in subjects with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer disease: a phase I, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, dose-escalation study.

Objectives: Ponezumab is a humanized antiamyloid beta (Aβ) monoclonal antibody designed to treat Alzheimer disease (AD).

Methods: This randomized, double-blind, single-dose-escalation study evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of 0.1, 0.

Safety and pharmacology of ponezumab (PF-04360365) after a single 10-minute intravenous infusion in subjects with mild to moderate Alzheimer disease.

Objective: Ponezumab (PF-04360365) is a humanized anti-amyloid beta (Aβ) monoclonal antibody designed for treatment of Alzheimer disease (AD). A single 2-hour intravenous infusion of 0.1 to 10 mg/kg was previously shown to be safe and well tolerated in subjects with mild to moderate AD, with measurable effects on plasma and cerebrospinal fluid Aβ.

Disease progression model for cognitive deterioration from Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database.

Background: A mathematical model was developed to describe the longitudinal response in Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive (ADAS-cog) obtained from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative.

Methods: The model was fit to the longitudinal ADAS-cog scores from 817 patients. Risk factors (age, apolipoprotein ɛ4 [APOE ɛ4] genotype, gender, family history of AD, years of education) and baseline severity were tested as covariates.