JARID1D-dependent androgen receptor and JunD signaling activation of osteoclast differentiation inhibits prostate cancer bone metastasis through demethylating H3K4.

Bone metastasis and skeletal-related complications are primary causes of mortality in advanced-stage prostate cancer (PCa). Epigenetic regulation, particularly histone modification, plays a key role in this process; however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In mouse models, JARID1D was an important mediator of both visceral and bone metastases.

A Comparison Between Pre-Sleep Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback and Electroencephalographic Biofeedback Training on Sleep in National Level Athletes with Sleep Disturbances.

The current study compared the effects of heart rate variability biofeedback (HRV-BF) and electroencephalographic biofeedback (EEG-BF) on sleep, mood, and reaction time. Fourteen highly trained male athletes with sleep disturbances participated in this randomised crossover study. Participants took part in HRV-BF and EEG-BF training, with each condition consisting of eight sessions over 15 days.

Oral pyruvate prevents high-intensity interval exercise-induced metabolic acidosis in rats by promoting lactate dehydrogenase reaction.

Introduction: There is no denying the clinical benefits of exogenous pyruvate in the treatment of pathological metabolic acidosis. However, whether it can prevent exercise physiological metabolic acidosis, delay the occurrence of exercise fatigue, and improve the beneficial effects of exercise and its internal mechanism remain unclear.

Methods: We randomly divided 24 male SD rats into 3 groups: one group was a control without exercise (CC, = 8), and the other two groups were supplemented with 616 mg/kg/day pyruvate (EP, = 8) or distilled water of equal volume (EC, = 8).

Presleep Heart-Rate Variability Biofeedback Improves Mood and Sleep Quality in Chinese Winter Olympic Bobsleigh Athletes.

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of heart-rate variability (HRV) biofeedback in improving autonomic function, mood, and sleep in elite bobsleigh athletes.

Methods: Eight Chinese Winter Olympic bobsleigh athletes (age: 24 [2] y, body mass: 89 [15] kg, and height: 184 [5] cm) completed a randomized crossover study with and without HRV biofeedback before a single night's sleep. HRV biofeedback was provided 35 minutes prior to bedtime in the experimental condition.

Application of Decision Tree in PE Teaching Analysis and Management under the Background of Big Data.

With the continuous development of physical education reform, the defects and deficiencies of physical education teaching in colleges and universities are increasingly exposed. The reform of the original physical education teaching thought, education system, teaching mode, and method has achieved little. At present, the research on the prediction of physical education teaching achievements is mainly aimed at the prediction of athletes and physical education teaching achievements or the prediction of the past data of college students.

KRT13 promotes stemness and drives metastasis in breast cancer through a plakoglobin/c-Myc signaling pathway.

Background: Keratins (KRTs) are intermediate filament proteins that interact with multiple regulatory proteins to initiate signaling cascades. Keratin 13 (KRT13) plays an important role in breast cancer progression and metastasis. The objective of this study is to elucidate the mechanism by which KRT13 promotes breast cancer growth and metastasis.

MAOA promotes prostate cancer cell perineural invasion through SEMA3C/PlexinA2/NRP1-cMET signaling.

Perineural invasion (PNI), a pathologic feature defined as cancer cell invasion in, around, and through nerves, is an indicator of poor prognosis and survival in prostate cancer (PC). Despite widespread recognition of the clinical significance of PNI, the molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we report that monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) is a clinically and functionally important mediator of PNI in PC.

MAOA-mediated reprogramming of stromal fibroblasts promotes prostate tumorigenesis and cancer stemness.

The tumor microenvironment plays a critical role in prostate cancer (PC) development and progression. Inappropriate activation of the stroma potentiates the growth and transformation of epithelial tumor cells. Here, we show that upregulation of monoamine oxidase A (MAOA), a mitochondrial enzyme that degrades monoamine neurotransmitters and dietary amines, in stromal cells elevates production of reactive oxygen species, triggers an inflammatory response including activation of IL-6, and promotes tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo.

An Optically Transparent Metasurface-Based Resonant Cavity Fed by Patch Antenna for Improved Gain.

An optically transparent metasurface (MS) is proposed to design a resonant cavity fed by a patch antenna operating at 5.6 GHz. In the proposed MS, a transparent micro metal mesh conductive (MMMC) film is used as the transparent conducting film (TCF), and it has a high optical transmittance of more than 75% and a low sheet resistance of 0.

Wideband RCS Reduction Using Coding Diffusion Metasurface.

This paper presents a radar cross-section (RCS) reduction technique by using the coding diffusion metasurface, which is optimised through a random optimization algorithm. The design consists of two unit cells, which are elements '1' and '0'. The reflection phase between the two-unit cells has a 180° ± 37° phase difference.

R1 Regulates Prostate Tumor Growth and Progression By Transcriptional Suppression of the E3 Ligase HUWE1 to Stabilize c-Myc.

Prostate cancer is a prevalent public health problem, especially because noncutaneous advanced malignant forms significantly affect the lifespan and quality of life of men worldwide. New therapeutic targets and approaches are urgently needed. The current study reports elevated expression of R1 (CDCA7L/RAM2/JPO2), a c-Myc-interacting protein and transcription factor, in human prostate cancer tissue specimens.

MAOA-Dependent Activation of Shh-IL6-RANKL Signaling Network Promotes Prostate Cancer Metastasis by Engaging Tumor-Stromal Cell Interactions.

Metastasis is a predominant cause of death for prostate cancer (PCa) patients; however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We report that monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) is a clinically and functionally important mediator of PCa bone and visceral metastases, activating paracrine Shh signaling in tumor-stromal interactions. MAOA provides tumor cell growth advantages in the bone microenvironment by stimulating interleukin-6 (IL6) release from osteoblasts, and triggers skeletal colonization by activating osteoclastogenesis through osteoblast production of RANKL and IL6.

Keratin 13 expression reprograms bone and brain metastases of human prostate cancer cells.

Lethal progression of prostate cancer metastasis can be improved by developing animal models that recapitulate the clinical conditions. We report here that cytokeratin 13 (KRT13), an intermediate filament protein, plays a directive role in prostate cancer bone, brain, and soft tissue metastases. KRT13 expression was elevated in bone, brain, and soft tissue metastatic prostate cancer cell lines and in primary and metastatic clinical prostate, lung, and breast cancer specimens.

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition as strategic microenvironment mimicry for cancer cell survival and immune escape?

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the phenotypic transition of epithelial cells to mesenchymal cells characterized by loss of epithelial markers, loss of intercellular adherence and acquirement of mesenchymal cell markers and increased locomotive ability. EMT is widely considered to be a gene regulated process necessary for cancer metastasis. Yet it is a highly controversial issue.

SREBP-2 promotes stem cell-like properties and metastasis by transcriptional activation of c-Myc in prostate cancer.

Sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2 (SREBP-2) transcription factor mainly controls cholesterol biosynthesis and homeostasis in normal cells. The role of SREBP-2 in lethal prostate cancer (PCa) progression remains to be elucidated. Here, we showed that expression of SREBP-2 was elevated in advanced pathologic grade and metastatic PCa and significantly associated with poor clinical outcomes.

Apoptosis-related protein-1 acts as a tumor suppressor in cholangiocarcinoma cells by inducing cell cycle arrest via downregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase subunits.

Cholangiocarcinoma, a malignancy arising from the biliary tract, is associated with high mortality due to the late diagnosis and lack of effective therapeutic approaches. Our knowledge of the molecular alterations during the carcinogenesis of cholangiocarcinoma is limited. Previous study suggests that apoptosis-related protein-1 (Apr-1) is involved in cancer cell proliferation and survival.

Near-infrared fluorescence heptamethine carbocyanine dyes mediate imaging and targeted drug delivery for human brain tumor.

Brain tumors and brain metastases are among the deadliest malignancies of all human cancers, largely due to the cellular blood-brain and blood-tumor barriers that limit the delivery of imaging and therapeutic agents from the systemic circulation to tumors. Thus, improved strategies for brain tumor visualization and targeted treatment are critically needed. Here we identified and synthesized a group of near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) heptamethine carbocyanine dyes and derivative NIRF dye-drug conjugates for effective imaging and therapeutic targeting of brain tumors of either primary or metastatic origin in mice, which is mechanistically mediated by tumor hypoxia and organic anion-transporting polypeptide genes.

Intracranial meningeal hemangiopericytoma: Recurrences at the initial and distant intracranial sites and extraneural metastases to multiple organs.

Regardless of the controversial pathogenesis, intracranial meningeal hemangiopericytoma (M-HPC) is a rare, highly cellular and vascularized mesenchymal tumor that is characterized by a high tendency for recurrence and extraneural metastasis, despite radical excision and postoperative radiotherapy. M-HPC shares similar clinical manifestations and radiological findings with meningioma, which causes difficulty in differentiation of this entity from those prognostically favorable mimics prior to surgery. Treatment of M-HPC, particularly in metastatic settings, remains a challenge.

Metastasis initiating cells in primary prostate cancer tissues from transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) predicts castration-resistant progression and survival of prostate cancer patients.

Background: We previously reported that the activation of RANK and c-Met signaling components in both experimental mouse models and human prostate cancer (PC) specimens predicts bone metastatic potential and PC patient survival. This study addresses whether a population of metastasis-initiating cells (MICs) known to express a stronger RANKL, phosphorylated c-Met (p-c-Met), and neuropilin-1 (NRP1) signaling network than bystander or dormant cells (BDCs) can be detected in PC tissues from patients subjected to transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) for urinary obstruction prior to the diagnosis of PC with or without prior hormonal manipulation, and whether the relative abundance of MICs over BDCs could predict castration-resistant progression and PC patient survival.

Methods: We employed a multiplexed quantum-dot labeling (mQDL) protocol to detect and quantify MICs and BDCs at the single cell level in TURP tissues obtained from 44 PC patients with documented overall survival and castration resistance status.

Heptamethine carbocyanine dye-mediated near-infrared imaging of canine and human cancers through the HIF-1α/OATPs signaling axis.

Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging agents are promising tools for noninvasive cancer imaging. This study explored the specific uptake and retention of a NIR heptamethine carbocyanine MHI-148 dye by canine cancer cells and tissues and human prostate cancer (PCa) specimens and also the dye uptake mechanisms. The accumulation of MHI-148 was detected specifically in canine cancer cells and tissues and freshly harvested human PCa tissues xenografted in mice by NIR fluorescence microscopy and whole-body NIR optical imaging.

Near-infrared fluorescence imaging of cancer mediated by tumor hypoxia and HIF1α/OATPs signaling axis.

Near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging agents are promising tools for noninvasive cancer imaging. Here, we explored the mechanistic properties of a specific group of NIR heptamethine carbocyanines including MHI-148 dye we identified and synthesized, and demonstrated these dyes to achieve cancer-specific imaging and targeting via a hypoxia-mediated mechanism. We found that cancer cells and tumor xenografts exhibited hypoxia-dependent MHI-148 dye uptake in vitro and in vivo, which was directly mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α).

Monoamine oxidase A mediates prostate tumorigenesis and cancer metastasis.

Tumors from patients with high-grade aggressive prostate cancer (PCa) exhibit increased expression of monoamine oxidase A (MAOA), a mitochondrial enzyme that degrades monoamine neurotransmitters and dietary amines. Despite the association between MAOA and aggressive PCa, it is unclear how MAOA promotes PCa progression. Here, we found that MAOA functions to induce epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stabilize the transcription factor HIF1α, which mediates hypoxia through an elevation of ROS, thus enhancing growth, invasiveness, and metastasis of PCa cells.

Magnetic resonance characteristics of adult-onset Lhermitte-Duclos disease: An indicator for active cancer surveillance?

Lhermitte-Duclos disease (LDD) is a rare, non-cancerous entity characterized by enlarged, abnormally developed cerebellar folia containing dysplastic cells. Symptomatic LDD is commonly observed in adults (adult-onset LDD, aLDD) as an isolated condition or associated with Cowden's disease (CD). The present study aimed to investigate the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics and the underlying pathological findings in 7 cases of aLDD, with emphasis on the association with CD and the need for active cancer surveillance once the diagnosis of LDD is confirmed.

Convergent RANK- and c-Met-mediated signaling components predict survival of patients with prostate cancer: an interracial comparative study.

We reported (PLoS One 6 (12):e28670, 2011) that the activation of c-Met signaling in RANKL-overexpressing bone metastatic LNCaP cell and xenograft models increased expression of RANK, RANKL, c-Met, and phosphorylated c-Met, and mediated downstream signaling. We confirmed the significance of the RANK-mediated signaling network in castration resistant clinical human prostate cancer (PC) tissues. In this report, we used a multispectral quantum dot labeling technique to label six RANK and c-Met convergent signaling pathway mediators simultaneously in formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue specimens, quantify the intensity of each expression at the sub-cellular level, and investigated their potential utility as predictors of patient survival in Caucasian-American, African-American and Chinese men.

[Clinical and pathological features in children with progressive muscular dystrophy].

Objective: To investigate the clinical and pathological features of progressive muscular dystrophy (PMD) in children and to provide help for the early and accurate diagnosis of PMD.

Methods: Retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 99 hospitalized children with PMD, including clinical manifestations, age of onset, family history, creatase, electromyogram (EMG) and pathological changes of muscles.

Results: Of the 99 children with PMD, the age of onset was 0.