Direct photoelectrochemical detection of ethanol in complex biological sample.

The development of advanced photoelectrochemical (PEC) technology for the direct detection of ethanol in complex biological sample, has become a hot topic. However, the photo-active nanomaterials, which could generate the photo-induced carriers under illumination, are susceptible to biofouling and interference in complex bio-matrices. In this work, the silica nanochannel-protected TiO nanomaterials was reported for the first time that enables the direct sensing of ethanol in real fruits and untreated whole blood.