Liang-Ge-San attenuates virus-induced acute lung injury by targeting FXR-mediated ACE2 downregulation to modulate the formation of the cytokine storm.

Background: Traditional Chinese medicine has been recognized for its significant role in treating acute lung injury (ALI) due to its distinct therapeutic advantages. Liang-Ge-San (LGS), a formulation from the ancient "Taiping Huimin Hejiju Fang", is believed to possess beneficial effects for treating ALI. However, LGS's precise mechanisms and efficacy in addressing viral ALI remain inadequately explored.

Design, synthesis and activity evaluation of 4-(quinoline-2-yl)aniline derivatives as SARS-CoV‑2 main protease inhibitors.

Since 2020, numerous compounds have been investigated for their potential use in treating SARS-CoV-2 infections. By identifying the molecular targets during the virus replication process, rationally designed anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents are developed. Among these targets, the main protease (M) is a crucial enzyme required for virus replication, and its highly conserved characteristic make it an important drug target for the development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs.

Uncovering the Mechanisms of BaBaoWuDanYaoMo Against Influenza A Virus and Virus-Induced Inflammation Based on Network Pharmacology and Pharmacological Evaluation.

Purpose: The pro-inflammatory response triggered by influenza viruses can contribute to viral pneumonia, even death. The effect and mechanism of BaBaoWuDanYaoMo (BB) against influenza virus remains obscure. To predict its therapeutic targets via network pharmacology and verify the therapeutic effect and the mechanism of BB against influenza virus in vitro and in vivo.

Liang-Ge-San protects against viral infection-induced acute lung injury through inhibiting α7nAChR-mediated mitophagy.

Background: Acute lung injury (ALI) is the main cause of death in clinical respiratory virus infection. Liang-Ge-San (LGS), a famous traditional Chinese formula, has been proved to be effective in treating ALI caused by lipopolysaccharide. However, the effects of LGS on ALI induced by viral infections remain uncertain.

Liushen Wan alleviates the virulence and inflammation of Staphylococcus aureus via NLRP3 inflammasome and TLR2-NF-κB/p38 MAPK signaling pathways.

Infectious diseases have been a major threat to health worldwide, with bacterial infections being particularly prominent. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infections are associated with the most deaths.

A decavalent composite mRNA vaccine against both influenza and COVID-19.

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has had a persistent and significant impact on global public health for 4 years. Recently, there has been a resurgence of seasonal influenza transmission worldwide. The co-circulation of SARS-CoV-2 and seasonal influenza viruses results in a dual burden on communities.

Glycyrrhetinic acid blocks SARS-CoV-2 infection by activating the cGAS-STING signalling pathway.

Background And Purpose: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) played an important role in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic, but the scientific basis and its active ingredients are still weakly studied. This study aims to decipher the underlying anti-SARS-CoV-2 mechanisms of glycyrrhetinic acid (GA).

Experimental Approach: GA's anti-SARS-CoV-2 effect was verified both in vitro and in vivo.

Preclinical evaluation of the SARS-CoV-2 M inhibitor RAY1216 shows improved pharmacokinetics compared with nirmatrelvir.

Although vaccines are available for SARS-CoV-2, antiviral drugs such as nirmatrelvir are still needed, particularly for individuals in whom vaccines are less effective, such as the immunocompromised, to prevent severe COVID-19. Here we report an α-ketoamide-based peptidomimetic inhibitor of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (M), designated RAY1216. Enzyme inhibition kinetic analysis shows that RAY1216 has an inhibition constant of 8.

Peroxide derivatives as SARS-CoV-2 entry inhibitors.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Host cell invasion is mediated by the interaction of the viral spike protein (S) with human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) through the receptor-binding domain (RBD). In this work, bio-layer interferometry (BLI) was used to screen a series of fifty-two peroxides, including aminoperoxides and bridged 1,2,4 - trioxolanes (ozonides), with the aim of identifying small molecules that interfere with the RBD-ACE2 interaction.

SARS-CoV-2 bivalent mRNA vaccine with broad protection against variants of concern.

Introduction: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant has rapidly spread around the globe. With a substantial number of mutations in its Spike protein, the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant is prone to immune evasion and led to the reduced efficacy of approved vaccines. Thus, emerging variants have brought new challenges to the prevention of COVID-19 and updated vaccines are urgently needed to provide better protection against the Omicron variant or other highly mutated variants.

Preclinical Study of ZSP1273, a Potent Antiviral Inhibitor of Cap Binding to the PB2 Subunit of Influenza A Polymerase.

The influenza A virus is highly contagious and often causes global pandemics. The prevalence of strains of the influenza A virus that are resistant to approved drugs is a huge challenge for the current clinical treatment of influenza A. RNA polymerase is a pivotal enzyme in the replication of the influenza A virus, and it is a promising target for anti-influenza A therapies.

Corrigendum: Investigating the effects of Liushen Capsules (LS) on the metabolome of seasonal influenza: A randomized clinical trial.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.

Immunization with a Prefusion SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Vaccine (RBMRNA-176) Protects against Viral Challenge in Mice and Nonhuman Primates.

There is an urgent need for a broad-spectrum and protective vaccine due to the emergence and rapid spreading of more contagious SARS-CoV-2 strains. We report the development of RBMRNA-176, a pseudouridine (Ψ) nucleoside-modified mRNA-LNP vaccine encoding pre-fusion stabilized trimeric SARS-CoV-2 spike protein ectodomain, and evaluate its immunogenicity and protection against virus challenge in mice and nonhuman primates. A prime-boost immunization with RBMRNA-176 at intervals of 21 days resulted in high IgG titers (over 1:819,000 endpoint dilution) and a CD4+ Th1-biased immune response in mice.

α-Linolenic Acid Screened by Molecular Docking Attenuates Inflammation by Regulating Th1/Th2 Imbalance in Ovalbumin-Induced Mice of Allergic Rhinitis.

α-Linolenic acid (ALA) is a natural essential fatty acid widely found in plant seed oils and beans, which shows positive anti-inflammatory and antiallergic effects. In our previous study, ALA was proven to bind tightly to the seven protein targets closely associated with allergic rhinitis (AR) by molecular docking, which indicates that ALA may have a potential role in the treatment of AR. A mouse model of AR induced by ovalbumin (OVA) was adopted in this study to explore the therapeutical effect and potential mechanism of ALA in treating AR.

Investigating the effects of Liushen Capsules on the metabolome of seasonal influenza: A randomized clinical trial.

Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs) are effective strategies for preventing influenza infection. Liushen Capsules can inhibit influenza virus proliferation, significantly mitigate virus-induced inflammation and improve acute lung injury or . However, the efficacy and safety of LS in clinical trials, and the role of LS in regulating metabolites in patients are not well known.

Icaritin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles activate immunogenic cell death and facilitate tumor recruitment in mice with gastric cancer.

This study aimed to explore the anti-tumor effect of icaritin loading poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (refer to PLGA@Icaritin NPs) on gastric cancer (GC) cells. Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), size distribution, zeta potential, drug-loading capability, and other physicochemical characteristics of PLGA@Icaritin NPs were carried out. Furthermore, flow cytometry, confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM), Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), Transwell, Elisa assay and Balb/c mice were applied to explore the cellular uptake, anti-proliferation, anti-metastasis, immune response activation effects, and related anti-tumor mechanism of PLGA@Icaritin NPs and .

Liushen Capsules, a promising clinical candidate for COVID-19, alleviates SARS-CoV-2-induced pulmonary in vivo and inhibits the proliferation of the variant virus strains in vitro.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes a global pandemic and has devastating effects around the world, however, there are no specific antiviral drugs and vaccines for the constant mutation of SARS-CoV-2.

Purpose: In this study, we evaluted the antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities of Liushen Capsules (LS) on different novel coronavirus in vitro, studied its therapeutic effects on novel SARS-CoV-2 infected mice and observed the LS's clinical efficacy and safety in COVID-19.

Methods: The antiviral and aiti-inflammatory effects of LS on the 501Y.

Effect of Jinzhen granule on two coronaviruses: The novel SARS-CoV-2 and the HCoV-229E and the evidences for their mechanisms of action.

Background: Although severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) pose a huge threat to human public health, no specific treatment is available. Jinzhen granule (JZ) is a traditional eight ingredients-Chinese medicine with prominent efficacy for treating viral-induced diseases. However, little is known about the antiviral effect and mechanism of JZ against SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-229E.

Exploration of SARS-CoV-2 3CL Inhibitors by Virtual Screening Methods, FRET Detection, and CPE Assay.

COVID-19 caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has been spreading all over the world since the end of 2019, and no specific drug has been developed yet. 3C-like protease (3CL) acts as an important part of the replication of novel coronavirus and is a promising target for the development of anticoronavirus drugs. In this paper, eight machine learning models were constructed using naïve Bayesian (NB) and recursive partitioning (RP) algorithms for 3CL on the basis of optimized two-dimensional (2D) molecular descriptors (MDs) combined with ECFP_4, ECFP_6, and MACCS molecular fingerprints.

Broad antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity of Qingwenjiere mixture against SARS-CoV-2 and other human coronavirus infections.

Background: Qingwenjiere Mixture (QJM) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that has been shown to have remarkable clinical efficacy against COVID-19. However, little is known about the antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities of QJM against a wider range of human coronavirus (HCoV) strains.

Purpose: The study aims to investigate the antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities of QJM, as well as the underlying mechanisms against HCoV infections.

Essential Oil-Rich Chinese Formula Luofushan-Baicao Oil Inhibits the Infection of Influenza A Virus through the Regulation of NF-B P65 and IRF3 Activation.

Background: Luofushan-Baicao Oil (LBO) is an essential oil-rich traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula that is commonly used to treat cold, cough, headache, sore throat, swelling, and pain. However, the anti-influenza activities of LBO and the underlying mechanism remain to be investigated.

Methods: The anti-influenza activity of LBO was tested with methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) and plaque assays.

Efficacy and safety of ReDuNing injection as a treatment for COVID-19 and its inhibitory effect against SARS-CoV-2.

Background: Although the rapid emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) poses a considerable threat to global public health, no specific treatment is available for COVID-19. ReDuNing injection (RDN) is a traditional Chinese medicine known to exert antibacterial, antiviral, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory effects. In addition, RDN has been recommended in the diagnosis and treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-associated pneumonia by the National Health Council and the National Administration of Chinese Medicine.