What Iodine Intervention Measures Should Be Taken in Different Water Iodine Areas? Evidence from a Cross-sectional Chinese Survey.

The aim of this study was to assess the population's iodine nutrition and thyroid diseases in different water iodine areas and to offer suggestions to the governments of different countries to adjust the present policy in different water iodine areas. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in different water iodine areas in China. Urinary iodine, water iodine, salt iodine and thyroid function were determined.

The Role of Cell Growth-Related Gene Copy Number Variation in Autoimmune Thyroid Disease.

Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is a recurrent and refractory clinical endocrine disease. Some studies have shown that the incidence of AITD is not only related to iodine, a kind of environmental factor, but that susceptibility genes also play a crucial role in its pathogenesis. Since research on susceptibility genes is still underway, the aims of this study were to assess the association between copy number variations (CNVs) and AITD, to identify genes related to susceptibility to AITD, and to explore the risk factors in the occurrence of AITD.

Effect of Urinary Iodine Concentration in Pregnant and Lactating Women, and in Their Infants Residing in Areas with Excessive Iodine in Drinking Water in Shanxi Province, China.

It is uncertain how many factors affect urinary iodine concentration. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of consumption of drinking water with high iodine concentration on urinary iodine concentration in pregnant and lactating women, and infants. We included 218 lactating women and their infants and 142 pregnant women in areas with suitable and high water iodine content.

Effects of Excessive Iodine Intake on Blood Glucose, Blood Pressure, and Blood Lipids in Adults.

To understand the effects of excess iodine intake on blood glucose, blood pressure, and blood lipids in adults. We selected three villages from Shanxi Province to conduct cross-sectional survey: Maxi [median water iodine concentration (MWIC) 6.3 μg/L, median urinary iodine concentration (MUIC) 126.

Thyroglobulin Is Markedly Elevated in 6- to 24-Month-Old Infants at Both Low and High Iodine Intakes and Suggests a Narrow Optimal Iodine Intake Range.

Background: In areas with incomplete salt iodization coverage, infants and children aged 6-24 months weaning from breast milk and receiving complementary foods are at risk of iodine deficiency. However, few data exist on the risk of excessive iodine intake in this age group. Thyroglobulin (Tg) is a sensitive marker of iodine intake in school-age children and adults and may be used to estimate the optimal iodine intake range in infancy.

Copy Number Variation of Immune-Related Genes and Their Association with Iodine in Adults with Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases.

Background: Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) are complex conditions that are caused by an interaction between genetic susceptibility and environmental triggers. Iodine is already known to be an environmental trigger for AITD, but genes associated with susceptibility need to be further assessed. Therefore, the aims of this study were to assess the association between copy number variations (CNVs) and AITD, to identify genes related with susceptibility to AITD, and to investigate the interaction between iodine status and CNVs in the occurrence of AITD.

Universal Salt Iodization Provides Sufficient Dietary Iodine to Achieve Adequate Iodine Nutrition during the First 1000 Days: A Cross-Sectional Multicenter Study.

Background: Dietary iodine requirements are high during pregnancy, lactation, and infancy, making women and infants vulnerable to iodine deficiency. Universal salt iodization (USI) has been remarkably successful for preventing iodine deficiency in the general population, but it is uncertain if USI provides adequate iodine intakes during the first 1000 d.

Objective: We set out to assess if USI provides sufficient dietary iodine to meet the iodine requirements and achieve adequate iodine nutrition in all vulnerable population groups.

Association of TSHR Gene Copy Number Variation with TSH Abnormalities.

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is secreted by the pituitary gland and promotes thyroid growth and function, with increased TSH levels typically associated with hypothyroidism. By consulting the literature, we found that the TSHR, PAX8, and PDE4B genes are associated with thyroid function. Recently, copy number variations (CNVs) have been used as genetic markers to investigate inter-individual variation.

The application of serum iodine in assessing individual iodine status.

Context: The prevalence of thyroid disease in China is on the rise, and this could be partly associated with excessive iodine intake in some individuals; therefore, increased attention is being paid to individual iodine status. However, current indices are not appropriate for evaluating individual iodine status.

Objective: To evaluate the association between serum iodine and urinary iodine (UI), as well as thyroid diseases, and provide an excellent base for future individual iodine status assessment.

Breast Milk Iodine Concentration Is a More Accurate Biomarker of Iodine Status Than Urinary Iodine Concentration in Exclusively Breastfeeding Women.

Iodine status in populations is usually assessed by the median urinary iodine concentration (UIC). However, iodine is also excreted in breast milk during lactation; thus, breast milk iodine concentration (BMIC) may be a promising biomarker of iodine nutrition in lactating women. Whether the mammary gland can vary fractional uptake of circulating iodine in response to changes in dietary intake is unclear.

Estimation of the Prevalence of Inadequate and Excessive Iodine Intakes in School-Age Children from the Adjusted Distribution of Urinary Iodine Concentrations from Population Surveys.

Background: The urinary iodine concentration (UIC), a biomarker of iodine intake, is used to assess population iodine status by deriving the median UIC, but this does not quantify the percentage of individuals with habitually deficient or excess iodine intakes. Individuals with a UIC <100 μg/L or ≥300 μg/L are often incorrectly classified as having deficient or excess intakes, but this likely overestimates the true prevalence.

Objective: Our aim was to estimate the prevalence of inadequate and excess iodine intake in children (aged 4-14 y) with the distribution of spot UIC from iodine surveys.

The relationship between iodine nutrition and thyroid disease in lactating women with different iodine intakes.

Areas with low, adequate and excessive I content in water co-exist in China. Limited data are currently available on I nutrition and thyroid disease in lactating women and their breast-fed infants with different I intakes. This study aimed to evaluate I nutrition in both lactating women and their infants and the prevalence of thyroid disease in areas with different levels of I in water.

[Epidemiological investigation on thyroid disease among fertile women in different iodine intake areas of Shanxi province].

Objective: To understand the prevalence of thyroid diseases and its influencing factors of iodine on thyroid gland function and autoimmune among fertile women in different iodine intake areas.

Methods: Cross-sectional method was used for descriptive epidemiology. 236 women aged 19 to 45 years were sampled in 2011, in Shanxi province.

The standard, intervention measures and health risk for high water iodine areas.

Our study aims to clarify the population nutrient status in locations with different levels of iodine in the water in China; to choose effective measurements of water improvement(finding other drinking water source of iodine not excess) or non-iodised salt supply or combinations thereof; to classify the areas of elevated water iodine levels and the areas with endemic goiter; and to evaluate the risk factors of water iodine excess on pregnant women, lactating women and the overall population of women. From Henan, Hebei, Shandong and Shanxi province of China, for each of 50 ∼ 99 µg/L, 100 ∼ 149 µg/L, 150 ∼ 299 µg/L, and ≥ 300 µg/L water iodine level, three villages were selected respectively. Students of 6-12 years old and pregnant were sampled from villages of each water-iodine level of each province, excluded iodized salt consumer.

[Investigation and analysis of neonate deformity in water arsenic exposure areas].

Objective: To explore the level and feature of neonate deformity in water arsenic exposure areas, as to finding out an evidence for the study and prevention of the arsenic exposure.

Methods: The birth situation of neonate was surveyed from 1998 to 2004 in water arsenic exposure areas according to cross-sectional survey. The results were classified in accordance with ICD-10 and common surveillance of china.