Gibberellin Positively Regulates Tomato Resistance to (TYLCV).

(TYLCV) is a prominent viral pathogen that adversely affects tomato plants. Effective strategies for mitigating the impact of TYLCV include isolating tomato plants from the whitefly, which is the vector of the virus, and utilizing transgenic lines that are resistant to the virus. In our preliminary investigations, we observed that the use of growth retardants increased the rate of TYLCV infection and intensified the damage to the tomato plants, suggesting a potential involvement of gibberellic acid (GA) in the conferring of resistance to TYLCV.

Snapshots of nascent RNA reveal cell- and stimulus-specific responses to acute kidney injury.

The current strategy to detect acute injury of kidney tubular cells relies on changes in serum levels of creatinine. Yet serum creatinine (sCr) is a marker of both functional and pathological processes and does not adequately assay tubular injury. In addition, sCr may require days to reach diagnostic thresholds, yet tubular cells respond with programs of damage and repair within minutes or hours.

Electromagnetic dispersive solid-phase extraction based on polyaniline-coated magnetite/silica materials for the determination of Sudan red I in drinks.

By replacing the permanent magnet with an electromagnet, traditional magnetic solid-phase extraction was developed into electromagnetic dispersive solid-phase extraction. A simple operation of power on and off can realize the separation of adsorbents from solutions easily. The improvement makes it possible for the automation of the determination of Sudan Red I by high-performance liquid chromatography.

How pressure affects confine water inside different nanoslits.

Nanoslits composed of different layered nanomaterials attract great attention in the theoretical and experimental investigations of nanofluidic devices due to their geometric simplicity and unique surface properties. Although many efforts have witnessed simulations of water molecules inside slit-like nanochannels formed by graphenes, the thermodynamic properties and transport behavior of water inside nanoslits formed by different two-dimensional materials are seldom investigated. In this paper, we choose nanoslits formed by graphene, boron nitride (hBN), and molybdenum disulfide (MoS) as models, and study the water properties inside these nanoslits using traditional molecular dynamics simulations at different pressures.

Sap flow of black locust in response to short-term drought in southern Loess Plateau of China.

Soil water shortage is a major factor influencing the ecology and hydrology of vegetation in China's semihumid Loess Plateau. However, few studies have experimentally assessed how expected changes in precipitation will affect sap flow in semihumid forest ecosystems. In this study, we measured the sap flow of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia Linn.

ILT3.Fc-CD166 Interaction Induces Inactivation of p70 S6 Kinase and Inhibits Tumor Cell Growth.

The blockade of immune checkpoints by anti-receptor and/or anti-ligand mAb is one of the most promising approaches to cancer immunotherapy. The interaction between Ig-like transcript 3 (ILT3), a marker of tolerogenic dendritic cells, also known as LILRB4/LIR5/CD85k, and its still unidentified ligand on the surface of activated human T cells is potentially important for immune checkpoint blockade. To identify the ILT3 ligand, we generated mAb by immunizing mice with Jurkat acute T cell leukemia, which binds ILT3.

Relationship of Climatic and Forest Factors to Drought- and Heat-Induced Tree Mortality.

Tree mortality due to warming and drought is a critical aspect of forest ecosystem in responding to climate change. Spatial patterns of tree mortality induced by drought and its influencing factors, however, have yet to be documented at the global scale. We collected observations from 248 sites globally where trees have died due to drought and then assessed the effects of climatic and forest factors on the rate of tree mortality.

Molecular and Cellular Characterization of Human CD8 T Suppressor Cells.

Bidirectional interactions between dendritic cells and Ag-experienced T cells initiate either a tolerogenic or immunogenic pathway. The outcome of these interactions is of crucial importance in malignancy, transplantation, and autoimmune diseases. Blockade of costimulation results in the induction of T helper cell anergy and subsequent differentiation of antigen-specific CD8 T suppressor/regulatory cells (Ts).

Simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of trace copper, nickel, and cobalt ions in water samples using solid phase extraction coupled with partial least squares approaches.

A simultaneous spectrophotometric determination method for trace heavy metal ions based on solid-phase extraction coupled with partial least squares approaches was developed. In the proposed method, trace metal ions in aqueous samples were adsorbed by cation exchange fibers and desorbed by acidic solution from the fibers. After the ion preconcentration process, the enriched solution was detected by ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis).

A Subpopulation of Label-Retaining Cells of the Kidney Papilla Regenerates Injured Kidney Medullary Tubules.

To determine whether adult kidney papillary label-retaining cells (pLRCs) are specialized precursors, we analyzed their transcription profile. Among genes overexpressed in pLRCs, we selected candidate genes to perform qPCR and immunodetection of their encoded proteins. We found that Zfyve27, which encodes protrudin, identified a subpopulation of pLRCs.

α-Intercalated cells defend the urinary system from bacterial infection.

α-Intercalated cells (A-ICs) within the collecting duct of the kidney are critical for acid-base homeostasis. Here, we have shown that A-ICs also serve as both sentinels and effectors in the defense against urinary infections. In a murine urinary tract infection model, A-ICs bound uropathogenic E.

Accumulation of FLT3(+) CD11c (+) dendritic cells in psoriatic lesions and the anti-psoriatic effect of a selective FLT3 inhibitor.

Psoriasis is a common chronic T-cell-mediated autoimmune skin disease, and traditional immunotherapies for psoriasis have focused on the direct inhibition of T cells, which often causes toxicity and lacks long-term effectiveness. Safe and effective therapeutic strategies are strongly needed for psoriasis. In this study, we show for the first time a significant accumulation of FLT3(+) CD11c(+) dendritic cells (DCs) in human psoriatic lesions and in the skin of experimental preclinical K14-VEGF transgenic homozygous mice, our animal model, although not an exact match for human psoriasis, displays many characteristics of inflammatory skin inflammation.

SDF-1 activates papillary label-retaining cells during kidney repair from injury.

The adult kidney contains a population of low-cycling cells that resides in the papilla. These cells retain for long periods S-phase markers given as a short pulse early in life; i.e.

Downregulation of inflammatory microRNAs by Ig-like transcript 3 is essential for the differentiation of human CD8(+) T suppressor cells.

We have investigated the mechanism underlying the immunoregulatory function of membrane Ig-like transcript 3 (ILT3) and soluble ILT3Fc. microRNA (miRNA) expression profile identified genes that were downregulated in ILT3-induced human CD8(+) T suppressor cells (Ts) while upregulated in T cells primed in the absence of ILT3. We found that miR-21, miR-30b, and miR-155 target the 3'-untranslated region of genes whose expression was strongly increased in ILT3Fc-induced Ts, such as dual specificity phosphatase 10, B cell CLL/lymphoma 6, and suppressor of cytokine signaling 1, respectively.

Circulating urokinase receptor as a cause of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a cause of proteinuric kidney disease, compromising both native and transplanted kidneys. Treatment is limited because of a complex pathogenesis, including unknown serum factors. Here we report that serum soluble urokinase receptor (suPAR) is elevated in two-thirds of subjects with primary FSGS, but not in people with other glomerular diseases.

The Ngal reporter mouse detects the response of the kidney to injury in real time.

Many proteins have been proposed to act as surrogate markers of organ damage, yet for many candidates the essential biomarker characteristics that link the protein to the injured organ have not yet been described. We generated an Ngal reporter mouse by inserting a double-fusion reporter gene encoding luciferase-2 and mCherry (Luc2-mC) into the Ngal (Lcn2) locus. The Ngal-Luc2-mC reporter accurately recapitulated the endogenous message and illuminated injuries in vivo in real time.

BCL6 is required for differentiation of Ig-like transcript 3-Fc-induced CD8+ T suppressor cells.

Ig-like transcript 3 (ILT3) is an inhibitory receptor expressed by tolerogenic dendritic cells. When human CD8(+) T cells are allostimulated in the presence of recombinant ILT3-Fc protein, they differentiate into antigenic specific T suppressor (Ts) cells that inhibit CD4 and CD8 T cell effector function both in vitro and in vivo. ILT3-Fc-induced CD8(+) Ts cells express high amounts of BCL6 that are crucial to their function.

The endogenous pro-resolving mediators lipoxin A4 and resolvin E1 preserve organ function in allograft rejection.

Allograft rejection remains a major limitation to successful solid organ transplantation. Here, we investigated the biosynthesis and bioactions of the pro-resolving mediators lipoxin A(4) and resolvin E1 in host responses to organ transplantation. In samples obtained during screening bronchoscopy after human lung transplantation, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid levels of lipoxin A(4) were increased in association with the severity of allograft rejection that was graded independently by clinical pathology.

Immunoglobulin-like transcript 3-Fc suppresses T-cell responses to allogeneic human islet transplants in hu-NOD/SCID mice.

Objective: The aim of our study was to explore the immunomodulatory activity of soluble immunoglobulin (Ig)-like transcript (ILT) 3-Fc in pancreatic islet transplantation and to determine its mechanism of action.

Research Design And Methods: NOD/SCID mice in which diabetes was induced by streptozotocin injection were transplanted with human pancreatic islet cells. Mice in which the transplant restored euglycemia were humanized with allogeneic peripheral blood mononuclear cells and treated with ILT3-Fc or control human IgG or left untreated.

Soluble Ig-like transcript 3 inhibits tumor allograft rejection in humanized SCID mice and T cell responses in cancer patients.

Attempts to enhance patients' immune responses to malignancies have been largely unsuccessful. We now describe an immune-escape mechanism mediated by the inhibitory receptor Ig-like transcript 3 (ILT3) that may be responsible for such failures. Using a humanized SCID mouse model, we demonstrate that soluble and membrane ILT3 induce CD8(+) T suppressor cells and prevent rejection of allogeneic tumor transplants.

Immunosuppressive activity of recombinant ILT3.

Tolerogenic antigen presenting cells (APC) are characterized by high expression of the inhibitory receptors ILT3 and ILT4. We have engineered ILT3 and ILT4 cytoplasmic deletion mutants (ILT3delta and ILT4delta), which were transfected in the dendritic-like cell line KG1, to investigate ILT3 and ILT4's capacity to signal extracellularly. KG1.

Cytokines transduced bone marrow stromal cell lines promote immunohematopoietic reconstitution in mice after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

Impaired immune reconstitution following allogeneic T-cell depleted bone marrow transplantation (allo-TCD-BMT) is a major obstacle to its clinical application. Stromal cell line QXMSC1, established from bone marrow cells of BALB/c(H-2d), was transfected with murine IL-3 and/ or IL-2 gene, and injected into lethally irradiated C57BL/6(H2b) mice. We evaluated its effects on immunologic and hematopoietic reconstitution after allo-TCD-BMT.

A synthetic eicosanoid LX-mimetic unravels host-donor interactions in allogeneic BMT-induced GvHD to reveal an early protective role for host neutrophils.

Lipoxin A(4) (LXA(4)) and aspirin-triggered 15-epi-LXA(4) are potent endogenous lipid mediators thought to define the inflammatory set-point. We used single prophylactic administrations of a synthetic aspirin-triggered lipoxin A(4) signal mimetic, ATLa, to probe dynamics of early host-donor interactions in a mouse model for the inflammation-associated multifactorial disease of allogeneic bone marrow transplant (BMT) -induced graft-vs.-host disease (GvHD).

[Effect of T suppressor cells on the maintenance phase of tolerance to cardiac allografts in the rats].

Objective: To study the role of T suppressor cells in immune tolerance to cardiac allografts in the rats.

Methods: Male DA rat hearts were transplanted to male Lewis rats using Ono's model and randomly divided into five groups: group 1: untreated, group 2: portal venous injection of 3 x 10(8) DA splenocytes to Lewis rat, group 3: intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide (80 mg/kg) to Lewis rat, group 4: portal venous injection of 3 x 10(8) DA splenocytes combined with intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide (80 mg/kg) to Lewis rat, 15 days later heart transplantation was performed. Group 5: intravenous injection 3 (108 splenocytes of group 4 to normal recipient, and then heart transplantation was performed.

[Induced tolerance to cardiac allografts with multiple intravenous injection of donor spleen cells].

Objective: To study the methods and mechanisms of immune tolerance in cardiac transplantation.

Methods: Male DA rat hearts were transplanted to male Lewis rats using Ono's model and randomly divided into five groups: untreated, intravenous injection of 1 x 10(8) DA splenocytes to Lewis rat, intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide (100 mg/kg) to Lewis rat, intravenous injection of 1 x 10(8) DA splenocytes combined with intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide (100 mg/kg) to Lewis rat, multiple injection of DA rat splenocytes with intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide, 11 days later heart transplantation was performed. Mean survival time (MST), histological changes, mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), the role of interleukin-2 (IL-2) to MLR and the role of tolerant rat splenocytes to MLR were measured after operation.