Cancer risks among first-degree relatives of women with a genetic predisposition to breast cancer.

Background: Associations between germline alterations in women and cancer risks among their relatives are largely unknown.

Methods: We identified women from 2 Swedish cohorts Karolinska Mammography Project for Risk Prediction of Breast Cancer (KARMA) and prevalent KARMA (pKARMA), including 28 362 women with genotyping data and 13 226 with sequencing data. Using Swedish Multi-Generation Register, we linked these women to 133 389 first-degree relatives.

Investigation of Genetic Alterations Associated With Interval Breast Cancer.

Importance: Breast cancers (BCs) diagnosed between 2 screening examinations are called interval cancers (ICs), and they have worse clinicopathological characteristics and poorer prognosis than screen-detected cancers (SDCs). However, the association of rare germline genetic variants with IC have not been studied.

Objective: To evaluate whether rare germline deleterious protein-truncating variants (PTVs) can be applied to discriminate between IC and SDC while considering mammographic density.

Long-term exposure to the components of fine particulate matters and disability after stroke: Findings from the China National Stroke Screening Surveys.

Background: Long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM) has been linked to an increased risk of stroke. However, the effect of long-term exposure to PM and its major components on the functional disability of stroke patients remains unclear.

Methods: Based on China National Stroke Screening Survey data obtained from 2013 to 2019, we conducted a national multicenter longitudinal study of the associations of long-term exposure to PM and its components with the risk of disability after stroke in China.

Drivers of Increasing Ozone during the Two Phases of Clean Air Actions in China 2013-2020.

In response to the severe air pollution issue, the Chinese government implemented two phases (Phase I, 2013-2017; Phase II, 2018-2020) of clean air actions since 2013, resulting in a significant decline in fine particles (PM) during 2013-2020, while the warm-season (April-September) mean maximum daily 8 h average ozone (MDA8 O) increased by 2.6 μg m yr in China during the same period. Here, we derived the drivers behind the rising O concentrations during the two phases of clean air actions by using a bottom-up emission inventory, a regional chemical transport model, and a multiple linear regression model.

The PM concentration reduction improves survival rate of lung cancer in Beijing.

Introduction: Long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM) has been linked to increases in the incidence of lung cancer. However, more evidence is needed to conclude its effects on lung cancer survival.

Objectives: The study aimed to explore the relationship between long-term PM exposure and lung cancer survival and evaluated the benefits of clean air actions in Beijing.

Tracking Daily Concentrations of PM Chemical Composition in China since 2000.

PM chemical components play significant roles in the climate, air quality, and public health, and the roles vary due to their different physicochemical properties. Obtaining accurate and timely updated information on China's PM chemical composition is the basis for research and environmental management. Here, we developed a full-coverage near-real-time PM chemical composition data set at 10 km spatial resolution since 2000, combining the Weather Research and Forecasting-Community Multiscale Air Quality modeling system, ground observations, a machine learning algorithm, and multisource-fusion PM data.

High IGKC-Expressing Intratumoral Plasma Cells Predict Response to Immune Checkpoint Blockade.

Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Blockade (ICB) constitutes the current limiting factor for the optimal implementation of this novel therapy, which otherwise demonstrates durable responses with acceptable toxicity scores. This limitation is exacerbated by a lack of robust biomarkers. In this study, we have dissected the basal TME composition at the gene expression and cellular levels that predict response to Nivolumab and prognosis.

Long-Term Exposure to Ozone Increases Neurological Disability after Stroke: Findings from a Nationwide Longitudinal Study in China.

Exposure to ozone (O) is associated with stroke incidence and mortality. However, whether long-term exposure to O is associated with post-stroke neurological disability remains unknown. This study investigated the relationship based on the longitudinal analysis of China National Stroke Screening Survey (CNSSS), which included 65,778 records of stroke patients.

CFTR reduces the proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma and is a strong predictor of survival in both smokers and non-smokers.

Background: One of the main hurdles of oncological therapy is the development of drug resistance. The ABC transporter gene family contributes majorly to cancer chemoresistance. However, effects of somatic expression of most ABC transporters on cancer outcomes remain largely unclear.

New WHO global air quality guidelines help prevent premature deaths in China.

The World Health Organization has issued new air quality guidelines (AQG). Based on 2020 data, achieving the new AQG for PM2.5 could prevent an additional 285,000 chronic deaths and 13,000 acute deaths, across China, compared with the previous AQG.

Evaluating the spatiotemporal ozone characteristics with high-resolution predictions in mainland China, 2013-2019.

Evaluating ozone levels at high resolutions and accuracy is crucial for understanding the spatiotemporal characteristics of ozone distribution and assessing ozone exposure levels in epidemiological studies. The national models with high spatiotemporal resolutions to predict ground ozone concentrations are limited in China so far. In this study, we aimed to develop a random forest model by combining ground ozone measurements from fixed stations, ozone simulations from the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system, meteorological parameters, population density, road length, and elevation to predict ground maximum daily 8-h average (MDA8) ozone concentrations at a daily level and 1 km × 1 km spatial resolution.

Tracking PM and O Pollution and the Related Health Burden in China 2013-2020.

Based on the exposure data sets from the Tracking Air Pollution in China (TAP, ), we characterized the spatiotemporal variations in PM and O exposures and quantified the long- and short-term exposure related premature deaths during 2013-2020 with respect to the two-stage clean air actions (2013-2017 and 2018-2020). We find a 48% decrease in national PM exposure during 2013-2020, although the decrease rate has slowed after 2017. At the same time, O pollution worsened, with the average April-September O exposure increased by 17%.

Simultaneous removal of NO and SO from flue gas in an integrated FGD-CABR system by sulfur cycling-mediated Fe(II)EDTA regeneration.

Chemical absorption-biological reduction (CABR) process is an attractive method for NO removal and Fe(II)EDTA regeneration is important to sustain high NO removal. In this study a sustainable and eco-friendly sulfur cycling-mediated Fe(II)EDTA regeneration method was incorporated in the integrated biological flue gas desulfurization (FGD)-CABR system. Here, we investigated the NO and SO removal efficiency of the system under three different flue gas flows (100 mL/min, 500 mL/min, and 1000 mL/min) and evaluated the feasibility of chemical Fe(III)EDTA reduction by sulfide in series of batch tests.

Benefits of active commuting on cardiovascular health modified by ambient fine particulate matter in China: A prospective cohort study.

Background: Active commuting as a contributor to daily physical activity is beneficial for cardiovascular health, but leads to more chances of exposure to ambient air pollution. This study aimed to investigate associations between active commuting to work with cardiovascular disease (CVD), mortality and life expectancy among general Chinese adults, and to further evaluate the modification effect of fine particulate matter (PM) exposure on these associations.

Methods: We included 76,176 Chinese adults without CVD from three large cohorts of the Prediction for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in China project.

Tracking Air Pollution in China: Near Real-Time PM Retrievals from Multisource Data Fusion.

Air pollution has altered the Earth's radiation balance, disturbed the ecosystem, and increased human morbidity and mortality. Accordingly, a full-coverage high-resolution air pollutant data set with timely updates and historical long-term records is essential to support both research and environmental management. Here, for the first time, we develop a near real-time air pollutant database known as Tracking Air Pollution in China (TAP, http://tapdata.

The prevalence, genetic complexity and population-specific founder effects of human autosomal recessive disorders.

Autosomal recessive (AR) disorders pose a significant burden for public health. However, despite their clinical importance, epidemiology and molecular genetics of many AR diseases remain poorly characterized. Here, we analyzed the genetic variability of 508 genes associated with AR disorders based on sequencing data from 141,456 individuals across seven ethnogeographic groups by integrating variants with documented pathogenicity from ClinVar, with stringent functionality predictions for variants with unknown pathogenicity.

Impact of variants in ATP-binding cassette transporters on breast cancer treatment.

There has been substantial interest in the impact of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter variability on breast cancer drug resistance. Here, we provide a systematic review of variants in breast cancer therapy. Notably, most studies used small heterogeneous cohorts and their identified associations lack statistical stringency, replication and mechanistic support.

Estimating Spatiotemporal Variation in Ambient Ozone Exposure during 2013-2017 Using a Data-Fusion Model.

Since 2013, clean-air actions in China have reduced ambient concentrations of PM. However, recent studies suggest that ground surface O concentrations increased over the same period. To understand the shift in air pollutants and to comprehensively evaluate their impacts on health, a spatiotemporal model for O is required for exposure assessment.

The 17-y spatiotemporal trend of PM and its mortality burden in China.

Investigations on the chronic health effects of fine particulate matter (PM) exposure in China are limited due to the lack of long-term exposure data. Using satellite-driven models to generate spatiotemporally resolved PM levels, we aimed to estimate high-resolution, long-term PM and associated mortality burden in China. The multiangle implementation of atmospheric correction (MAIAC) aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 1-km resolution was employed as a primary predictor to estimate PM concentrations.

Revealing the role of nitrate on sulfide removal coupled with bioenergy production in Chlamydomonas sp. Tai-03: Metabolic pathways and mechanisms.

Recently, simultaneous sulfide removal and bioenergy production by microalgal treatment have attracted growing attention. However, the response of nitrogen metabolism to the sulfide-removal process has yet to be explored. Here, variable levels of sulfide could be completely removed by Chlamydomonas sp.

The long-term trend of PM-related mortality in China: The effects of source data selection.

Quantification of PM exposure and associated mortality is critical to inform policy making. Previous studies estimated varying PM-related mortality in China due to the usage of different source data, but rarely justify the data selection. To quantify the sensitivity of mortality assessment to source data, we first constructed state-of-the-art PM predictions during 2000-2018 at a 1-km resolution with an ensemble machine learning model that filled missing data explicitly.

Chronic Effects of High Fine Particulate Matter Exposure on Lung Cancer in China.

Limited cohort studies have evaluated chronic effects of high fine particulate matter (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm [PM]) exposure on lung cancer. To investigate the response pattern of lung cancer associated with high PM exposure.

Changes in spatial patterns of PM pollution in China 2000-2018: Impact of clean air policies.

To improve air quality, China has been implementing strict clean air policies since 2013. These policies not only substantially improved air quality but may also modify the spatial distribution of air pollution, since urban emission sources were under stricter control and some were moved to rural regions with lower air quality improvement targets and lacking of monitoring. Here, we predicted satellite-based monthly PM concentrations during 2000-2018 at a 1-km resolution with complete spatial-temporal coverage to analyze changes in the spatial pattern of PM pollution in China.