Complete Mitochondrial Genomes of and with Phylogenetic Analysis of Charadriiformes.

Background: Plovers (Charadriidae), within the order of Charadriiformes, a group of modern birds distributed worldwide, are a frequent subject of molecular phylogenetic studies. While research on mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) variation within the family Charadriidae, especially intraspecific variation, is limited. Additionally, the monophyly of and the phylogenetic placement of remain contentious.

Mitochondrial genome characteristics of six species and their phylogenetic implication.

The mitochondrial genomes of six species-small insectivores belonging to the Phylloscopidae family-were obtained using the Illumina sequencing platform. The mitogenomes were closed circular molecules 16,922-17,007 bp in size, containing 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes, and two control regions ( and remnant ). The gene orders were conserved in 35 sampled mitogenomes in the GenBank database, with a gene rearrangement of --------.

Comparative mitogenomics of the genus (Aves, Passeriformes) and its phylogenetic implications.

The genus belongs to Motacillidae (Passeriformes), where mitochondrial features are poorly understood and phylogeny is controversial. Whole mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) data and large taxon sampling are considered to be ideal strategies to obtain this information. We generated four complete mitogenomes of , , and , and made comparative analyses of species combined with mitogenome data from GenBank, and then reconstructed phylogenetic trees based on 37 mitochondrial genes.

Breeding Population Dynamics of Relict Gull () in Hongjian Nur, Shaanxi, China.

Hongjian Nur is an important breeding and stopover area for the globally endangered Relict gull (). This is where the species was first found in 2000. The breeding population of this species was monitored over the long term by directly counting nests from 2001 to 2020 in Hongjian Nur, Shaanxi, China.

Differences in Brain Functional Networks of Executive Function Between Cantonese-Mandarin Bilinguals and Mandarin Monolinguals.

It remains controversial whether long-term logographic-logographic bilingual experience shapes the special brain functional subnetworks underlying different components of executive function (EF). To address this question, this study explored the differences in the functional connections underlying EF between the Cantonese-Mandarin bilinguals and Mandarin monolinguals. 31 Cantonese-Mandarin bilinguals and 31 Mandarin monolinguals were scanned in a 3-T magnetic resonance scanner at rest.

The first mitogenome of Lesser Whitethroat, Ticehurst & Whistler, 1933 (Passeriformes: Sylviidae) and its phylogenetic implications for the genus .

The complete mitogenome of the Lesser Whitethroat, Ticehurst & Whistler, 1933 was determined, which belongs to Sylviidae, Passeriformes. The mitogenome had a length of 17,959 bp and consisted of 37 genes including 13 PCGs, 2 ribosomal RNAs (rRNA) genes, and 22 transfer RNAs (tRNA) genes. In addition, two control regions (CRs) were also existed in the mitogenome, with Sylvioidea typcial gene arrangement of cytb-trnT-CR1-trnP-nad6-trnE-CR2-trnF-rrnS.

Genome-wide analyses of the relict gull (Larus relictus): insights and evolutionary implications.

Background: The relict gull (Larus relictus), was classified as vulnerable on the IUCN Red List and is a first-class national protected bird in China. Genomic resources for L. relictus are lacking, which limits the study of its evolution and its conservation.

Mitogenome of emAlaudala/em emcheleensis/em (Passeriformes: Alaudidae) and comparative analyses of Sylvioidea mitogenomes.

To gain a better understanding of mitogenome features and phylogenetic relationships in Sylvioidea, a superfamily of Passerida, suborder Passeri, Passeriformes, the whole mitogenome of Alaudala cheleensis Swinhoe (Alaudidae) was sequenced, a comparative mitogenomic analysis of 18 Sylvioidea species was carried out, and finally, a phylogeny was reconstructed based on the mitochondrial dataset. Gene order of the A. cheleensis mitogenome was similar to that of other Sylvioidea species, including the gene rearrangement of cytb-trnT-CR1-trnP-nad6-trnE-remnant CR2-trnF-rrnS.

Characterization of the complete mitogenomes of Baillon's Crake and phylogenetic analysis.

The complete mitochondrial genome of the Baillon's Crake (Gruiformes: Rallidae) are sequenced and annotated, which contained 37 typical genes. The length of the complete mitochondrial genome is 16,966 bp (GenBank No. MW043485), with As, Ts, Cs, Gs, and AT content of the mitochondrial genome is 32.

The Complete Mitogenome of Falco amurensis (Falconiformes, Falconidae), and a Comparative Analysis of Genus Falco.

In this study, we sequenced the complete mitogenome of Falco amurensis (Falconiformes, Falconidae). The F. amurensis mitogenome is 17,464 bp long, and contains 37 genes, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two rRNAs, 22 tRNAs, and two non-coding regions (control region and pseudo-control region).

The mitogenomes of and (Charadriiformes, Sternidae) and their phylogenetic implications.

and are two sympatric breeding species. The mitogenomes of and are 16,748 bp and 16,707 bp in size. Both two mitogenomes reveal the same gene order and genomic organization to that of typical avian mtDNA.

Characterization of the mitogenomes for two sympatric breeding species in Recurvirostridae (Charadriiformes) and their phylogenetic implications.

Recurvirostridae is a family of Charadriiformes that displays an amazing amount of characterization at evolutionary level. The mitogenomes of and are 17,378 bp and 16,856 bp in size, respectively. Both two mitogenomes reveal the same gene order and genomic organization to that of typical avian mtDNA.

Sequencing complete mitochondrial genome of (Passeriformes: Laniidae) using Illunima HiSeq 2500.

Using an Illumina platform, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome of to an average coverage of 1669.5×. We performed a assembly using SOAPdenovo2 and obtained the total mitogenome with 16,833 bp in length.

Altruistic sharing behavior in children: Role of theory of mind and inhibitory control.

This study aimed to assess altruistic sharing behavior in children aged 3 to 5, 6 to 8, and 9 to 11 years and to explore the involvement of potential cognitive mechanisms, namely theory of mind (ToM) and inhibitory control. A total of 158 children completed a dictator game with stickers as incentives. ToM was evaluated using a false belief task in preschoolers and the Strange Story Test in school-age children.

Structural characteristics of the Relict Gull (Larus relictus) mitochondrial DNA control region and its comparison to other Laridae.

The structure of the mitochondrial DNA control region in the Relict Gull (Larus relictus) was predicted and compared with data from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) on five other gulls. The results showed that the control regions of the six gulls comprise three domains. Sequences of CSB-1-like (domain I) and CSB-1 (domain III) in L.

Preliminary study of genetic diversity and population structure of the Relict Gull Larus relictus (Charadriiformes Laridae) using mitochondrial and nuclear genes.

The genetic diversity and the population history of the Relict Gull (Larus relictus) were studied based on the sequences of two mitochondrial genes (Cyt b and ND2) and one nuclear gene (the third intron of the Z-linked muscle-specific kinase gene [MUSK]) from 47 individuals. The results showed that the population expresses very low genetic diversity while lacking large geographical population. Demographic history analysis suggested that population expansion might have been recent and that the average estimated expansion time of L.

Complete mitochondrial genome of Relict Gull, Larus relictus (Charadriiformes: Laridae).

The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Larus relictus was 16,586-bp long, containing 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, and a control region. Most PCGs begin with the typical ATN start codon with the exception of COI and ND5 genes, which use GTG as the initiation codon. Stop codons AGG, TAG, TAA and AGA are present in the PCGs; exceptions are COIII and ND4, which possess incomplete termination codons (T), and ND3, in which one extra C nucleotide is found.

Eye-movement study during visual search in Chinese children with developmental dyslexia.

Background: Developmental dyslexia (DD) is a disorder in which children with normal intelligence and sensory abilities show learning deficits in reading. Abnormal eye movements have been found in DD. However, eye-movement abnormalities during visual search among Chinese children with DD remain unknown.

[Analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Larus brunnicephalus (Aves, Laridae)].

The complete sequence of mitochondrial genome of Larus brunnicephalus was determined using long PCR and conserved primers walking approaches. The results showed that the entire mitochondrial genome of L. brunnicephalus is 16,769 bp in length, which has been deposited in GenBank with the accession number JX155863.

Regional cerebral blood flow in children with autism spectrum disorders: a quantitative ⁹⁹mTc-ECD brain SPECT study with statistical parametric mapping evaluation.

Background: Autism spectrum disorders (ASD), which include autism, asperger syndrome (AS) and pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS), are devastating neurodevelopmental disorders of childhood resulting in deficits in social interaction, repetitive patterns of behaviors, and restricted interests and activities. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is a common technique used to measure regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF). Several studies have measured rCBF in children with ASD using SPECT, however, findings are discordant.

Picture perception in Chinese dyslexic children: an eye-movement study.

Background: Currently, whether or not there is visuospatial impairments in Chinese dyslexic children is still a matter of discussion. The relatively recent application of an eye-tracking paradigm may offer an opportunity to address this issue. In China, in comparison with reading studies, there have not been nearly as many eye movement studies dealing with nonreading tasks such as picture identification and whether Chinese children with dyslexia have a picture processing deficit is not clear.

Neuropsychological characteristics of selective attention in children with nonverbal learning disabilities.

Background: Children with nonverbal learning disabilities (NLD) usually manifest defective attention function. This study sought to investigate the neuropsychological characteristics of selective attention, such as attention control, working memory, and attention persistence of the frontal lobe in children with NLD.

Methods: Using the auditory detection test (ADT), Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST), and C-WISC, 27 children with NLD and 33 normal children in the control group were tested, and the results of C-WISC subtests were analyzed with factor analysis.

[Neuropsychological characteristics of selective attention in children with nonverbal learning disabilities].

Objective: To investigate the neuropsychological characteristics of selective attention such as attention control, working memory and attention persistence of frontal lobe in children with nonverbal learning disabilities (NLD).

Methods: With Auditory Detection Test (ADT), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and C-WISC, 14 children with NLD and 23 controls were tested and the results of sub-tests of C-WISC were analyzed with factor analysis. ADT was mainly applied to test the ability of auditory discernment and the function of dominance lateralization in the cerebra; WCST was employed to test the function of working memory which was based on the frontal lobe, and, C-WISC, to test the intelligent structure and characteristics.