Extraction of Genomic DNA from Soil Samples by Polyethylene Glycol-Modified Magnetic Particles via Isopropanol Promotion and Ca Mediation.

Obtaining reliable and informative DNA data from soil samples is challenging due to the presence of interfering substances and typically low DNA yields. In this work, we prepared poly(ethylene glycol)-modified magnetic particles (PEG@FeO) for DNA purification. The particles leverage the facilitative effect of calcium ions (Ca), which act as bridges between DNA and PEG@FeO by coordinating with the phosphate groups of DNA and the hydroxyl groups on the particles.

Membrane separation assisted colorimetric/fluorescent detection of β-galactosidase-positive bacteria in milk and milk powder based on the oxidase-like activity of CoOOH nanosheets.

Species-specific enzymes provide a substantial boost to the precision and selectivity of identifying dairy products contaminated with foodborne pathogens, due to their specificity for target organisms. In this study, we developed cobalt oxyhydroxide nanosheets (CoOOH NSs) for a dual-mode biosensor capable of detecting β-galactosidase (β-Gal)-positive bacteria in milk and milk powder. The sensor exploits the oxidase-mimicking activity of CoOOH NSs, where β-Gal converts the substrate β-D-galactopyranoside to p-aminophenol, reducing CoOOH NSs to Co and inhibiting the formation of the blue product from 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylben-zidine.

Yellow tea polysaccharides protect against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease via regulation of gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism in mice.

Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major clinical and global public health issue, with no specific pharmacological treatment available. Currently, there is a lack of approved drugs for the clinical treatment of NAFLD. Large-leaf yellow tea polysaccharides (YTP) is a natural biomacromolecule with excellent prebiotic properties and significant therapeutic effects on multiple metabolic diseases.

Synergetic effects and inhibition mechanisms of the polysaccharide-selenium nanoparticle complex in human hepatocarcinoma cell proliferation.

Background: Active components from natural fungal products have shown promising potential as anti-tumor therapeutic agents. In the search for anti-tumor agents, research to overcome the drawbacks of high molecular weight and low bioavailability of pure polysaccharides, polysaccharide-conjugated selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) has attracted much attention.

Results: A novel polysaccharide-selenium nanoparticle complex was produced, in which SeNPs were decorated with polysaccharide obtained from fermented mycelia broth of Lactarius deliciosus (FLDP).

Amelioration of Acute Alcoholic Liver Injury via Attenuating Oxidative Damage and Modulating Inflammation by Means of Ursodeoxycholic Acid-Zein Nanoparticles.

Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) has been broadly adopted for the clinical treatment of hepatic and biliary diseases; however, its poor water-solubility becomes an obstacle in wide applications. To overcome these challenges, herein, a two-tier UDCA-embedded system of zein nanoparticles (NPs) along with a polyelectrolyte complex was designed under facile conditions. Both the UDCA-zein NPs and their inclusion microcapsules showed a spherical shape with a uniform size.

Encapsulation of tea polyphenols into high amylose corn starch composite nanofibrous film for active antimicrobial packaging.

Starch-based composite nanofibrous films loaded with tea polyphenols (TP) were successfully fabricated through electrospinning high amylose corn starch (HACS) with aid of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), referred as HACS/PVA@TP. With the addition of 15 % TP, HACS/PVA@TP nanofibrous films exhibited enhanced mechanical properties and water vapor barrier capability, and their hydrogen bonding interactions were further evidenced. TP was slowly released from the nanofibrous film and followed Fickian diffusion mechanism, which achieved the controlled sustained release of TP.

Encapsulation of lycopene into electrospun nanofibers from whey protein isolate-Tricholoma lobayense polysaccharide complex stabilized emulsions: Structural characterization, storage stability, in vitro release, and cellular evaluation.

In this study, lycopene-loaded nanofibers were successfully fabricated by electrospinning of oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions stabilized by whey protein isolate-polysaccharide TLH-3 (WPI-TLH-3) complexes. The lycopene encapsulated in the emulsion-based nanofibers exhibited enhanced photostability and thermostability, and achieved improved targeted small intestine-specific release. The release of lycopene from the nanofibers followed Fickian diffusion mechanism in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and first-order model in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) with the enhanced release rates.

Profiling HO from single COS-7 cells by means of scanning electrochemical microscopy.

We report quantitative determination of extracellular HO released from single COS-7 cells with high spatial resolution, using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). Our strategy of depth scan imaging in vertical x-z plane was conveniently utilized to a single cell for obtaining probe approach curves (PACs) to any positions on the membrane of a live cell by simply drawing a vertical line on one depth SECM image. This SECM mode provides an efficient way to record a batch of PACs, and visualize cell topography simultaneously.

Extraction, purification, structural characterization, and gut microbiota relationship of polysaccharides: A review.

Intestinal dysbiosis is one of the major causes of the occurrence of metabolic syndromes, such as obesity, diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular diseases. Polysaccharide-based microbial therapeutic strategies have excellent potential in the treatment of metabolic syndromes, but the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. Identification of the internal regulatory mechanism of the gut microbiome and the interaction mechanisms involving bacteria and the host are essential to achieve precise control of the gut microbiome and obtain valuable clinical data.

Antibacterial effect and mechanism against Escherichia coli of polysaccharides from Armillariella tabescens mycelia.

The objectives of this study were (1) to prepare Armillariella tabescens mycelia polysaccharides (PAT) with remarkably growth inhibitory effect on typical food-borne pathogenic bacteria using a green and efficient polyamide method and (2) to explore the antibacterial mechanism of PAT for use as a natural antibacterial agent. The sugar and uronic acid contents of PAT were 93.41% and 12.

Characterization and immunomodulatory effect of an alkali-extracted galactomannan from Morchella esculenta.

In our continuous exploration for bioactive polysaccharides, a novel polysaccharide FMP-2 was isolated and purified from the fruiting bodies of Morchella esculenta by alkali-assisted extraction. FMP-2 had an average molecular weight of 1.09 × 10 Da and contained mannose, glucuronic acid, glucose, galactose, and arabinose in a molar ratio of 4.

Microencapsulation of functional ovalbumin and bovine serum albumin with polylysine-alginate complex for sustained protein vehicle's development.

Overcoming harsh gastric environment is still a challenging to bioactive proteins, microencapsulation provides one strategy in designing this protection barrier. In this work, bovine serum albumin and ovalbumin were chosen as model proteins, while polylysine-alginate complex was fabricated for microencapsulation purpose. Both of the protein-loaded microcapsules had regular internal microstructures.

Reduction of 5-fluorouracil-induced toxicity by Sarcodon aspratus polysaccharides in Lewis tumor-bearing mice.

5-Fluorouracil (5-Fu) is an effective anticarcinogenic agent, however, continuous use of 5-Fu may cause severe side effects. The goal of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Sarcodon aspratus polysaccharides (SATP) in alleviating 5-Fu-induced toxicity in Lewis tumor-bearing mice. Lewis tumor-bearing mice were treated with saline, SATP, 5-Fu or 5-Fu + SATP.

Development of metformin hydrochloride loaded dissolving tablets with novel carboxymethylcellulose/poly-l-lysine/TPP complex.

Natural polymers like polysaccharides, polypeptides and their derivatives are broadly applied in drug delivery due to excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability. In this study, the dissolving tablets, formed with carboxymethylcellulose/poly-l-lysine/tripolyphosphate (CMC/PLL/TPP) complex, were prepared using metformin hydrochloride (MetHCl) as model drug. Confocal laser scanning microscopy observation manifested that FITC-labeled PLL interacted with CMC and formed a uniform interior microstructure.

Immunomodulatory effect of a polysaccharide fraction on RAW 264.7 macrophages extracted from the wild Lactarius deliciosus.

The mushroom polysaccharides are important substances with variety of functions, especially to the human body's immunomodulation effects. In this work, a polysaccharide fraction (LDP-1) was extracted and purified from the fruiting bodies of a rare wild Lactarius deliciosus. LDP-1 with molecular weight of 9.

Fabrication of the polyphosphates patched cellulose sulfate-chitosan hydrochloride microcapsules and as vehicles for sustained drug release.

Polyphosphates are important polyanionic electrolytes that play a major role in stabilization and consolidation of colloids surface and interior microstructures. In this study, the polyelectrolyte complexes (PEC) microcapsules (sodium cellulose sulfate-chitosan hydrochloride, sample 1), and the patched ones via sodium tripolyphosphate (sample 2), sodium pyrophosphate (sample 3) and sodium hexametaphosphate (sample 4) were fabricated under mild conditions. The effects of polyphosphates on the formation of the PEC microcapsules were investigated systematically.

Effect of polysaccharide FMP-1 from Morchella esculenta on melanogenesis in B16F10 cells and zebrafish.

Polysaccharides from Morchella esculenta are known to exhibit diverse bioactivities, while an anti-melanogenesis effect has been barely addressed. Herein, the anti-melanogenesis activity of a heteropolysaccharide from M. esculenta (FMP-1) was investigated in vitro and in vivo.

A novel polysaccharide from the triggers apoptosis in Hela cells via induction of mitochondrial dysfunction.

Background: Polysaccharides extracted from fungus that have been used widely in the food and drugs industries due to biological activities.

Objective: The objective of the present study was to investigate the tumor-suppressive activity and mechanism of a novel polysaccharide (SAP) extracted from .

Methods: The SAP was extracted and purified using Sepharose CL-4B gel from S.

Evaluation of chitosan hydrochloride-alginate as enteric micro-probiotic-carrier with dual protective barriers.

In this study, the cells-free and cells-loaded chitosan hydrochloride-alginate (CHC-Alg) microcapsules were firstly fabricated with polyelectrolyte complexes via an orifice-polymerization method. Scanning electron microscope images showed that the CHC-Alg microcapsules had a typical shell-core structure and the model probiotic cells (Bacillus licheniformis) were embedded in the core in cells-loaded microcapsules. The microcapsules prepared had good thermal stability and moisture property (3.

Effect of the cross-linking agent on performances of NaCS-CS/WSC microcapsules.

Based on the properties of oppositely charged natural polysaccharides, the polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) prepared with chitosan-related polycationic polyelectrolytes and cellulose-related polyanionic polyelectrolytes have been widely concerned for their potential applications as micro-drug-carriers for colon. However, the poor mechanical property of the PECs becomes the obstacle encountered in practical applications. This study investigated the effect of the cross-linking agent (sodium polyphosphate, PPS) on the performances of sodium cellulose sulfate -chitosan/water soluble chitosan (NaCS-CS/WSC) microcapsules.

Antioxidant and anti-aging activities of the polysaccharide TLH-3 from Tricholoma lobayense.

Polysaccharides from edible fungi usually exhibit many bioactivities. Our previous studies found that polysaccharide TLH-3 extracted from Tricholoma lobayense possessed noticeable antioxidant activity. To further explore its biological activities, the antioxidant and anti-aging activities of TLH-3 were evaluated in vitro and in vivo.

Fabrication and formation studies on single-walled CA/NaCS-WSC microcapsules.

The micron-sized calcium alginate/sodium cellulose sulfate-water soluble chitosan (CA/NaCS-WSC) microcapsules were prepared by membrane emulsification method using sodium alginate (NaAlg), NaCS and WSC as raw materials. The CA/NaCS microspheres prepared dispersed well and held spherical shape with an emulsifier volume ratio of 7:3 (Span 80:Tween 80) and a concentration of cross-linking agent of 1.5% (w/v) calcium chloride and 5% (w/v) sodium chloride.

Design of chitosan and its water soluble derivatives-based drug carriers with polyelectrolyte complexes.

Chitosan, the cationic polysaccharide derived from the natural polysaccharide chitin, has been studied as a biomaterial for more than two decades. As a polycationic polymer with favorable properties, it has been widely used to form polyelectrolyte complexes with polyanions for various applications in drug delivery fields. In recent years, a growing number of studies have been focused on the preparation of polyelectrolyte complexes based on chitosan and its water soluble derivatives.

Characterization of novel lactoferrin loaded capsules prepared with polyelectrolyte complexes.

Novel capsules loaded with lactoferrin (LF) were prepared using polyelectrolyte complexes that were formed by water soluble chitosan (WSC), sodium cellulose sulfate (NaCS) and sodium polyphosphate (PPS). Normal chitosan (soluble in acidic conditions) was chosen as a control to prepare similar capsules with NaCS and PPS. (1)H NMR and FTIR spectra analysis showed that WSC was in a form of chitosan hydrochloride which can be directly dissolved and protonated in acid-free water.