Application of Metabolomics in Fungal Research.

Metabolomics is an essential method to study the dynamic changes of metabolic networks and products using modern analytical techniques, as well as reveal the life phenomena and their inherent laws. Currently, more and more attention has been paid to the development of metabolic histochemistry in the fungus field. This paper reviews the application of metabolomics in fungal research from five aspects: identification, response to stress, metabolite discovery, metabolism engineering, and fungal interactions with plants.

Immunotherapy Summary for Cytokine Storm in COVID-19.

COVID-19 pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has ravaged the world, resulting in an alarming number of infections and deaths, and the number continues to increase. The pathogenesis caused by the novel coronavirus was found to be a disruption of the pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory response. Due to the lack of effective treatments, different strategies and treatment methods are still being researched, with the use of vaccines to make the body immune becoming the most effective means of prevention.

Three new C steroidal glycosides isolated from and their potential inhibitory effects on tyrosine protein kinases.

Three new steroidal glycosides, metapregnoside A-C (-), together with one known compound, byzantionoside B (), were isolated from the fresh whole herb of by using high-speed countercurrent chromatography and semi-preparative liquid chromatography. Their structures and relative configurations were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including 1D NMR, 2D NMR and HR-ESI-MS. The potential targets of compound - were identified by virtual screening.

A rapid and practical prediction method for the Arizona solvent system family used in high speed countercurrent chromatography.

Selecting the appropriate solvent system is the key to the successful separation of samples by using countercurrent chromatography. Although high-speed countercurrent chromatography has been widely used in the separation and preparation of natural products, the selection of a solvent system has always been a stumbling block to the application of high-speed countercurrent chromatography. In order to explore a rapid and practical prediction method to select countercurrent chromatography solvent system, five linear prediction models of the Arizona solvent system family (HEMW) was established by using fourteen compounds with different structures and five HPLC columns of different brands.

Secretory IgA in Mucosa of Pharynx and Larynx Plays an Important Role against Influenza A Virus Infection in Kidney Yang Deficiency Syndrome Model.

Objective: Influenza virus poses a major threat to human health and has serious morbidity and mortality which commonly occurs in high-risk populations. Pharynx and larynx of the upper respiratory tract mucosa is the first defense line against influenza virus infection. However, the ability of the pharynx and larynx organ to eliminate the influenza pathogen is still not clear under different host conditions.

A facile and sensitive electrochemical sensor for non-enzymatic glucose detection based on three-dimensional flexible polyurethane sponge decorated with nickel hydroxide.

A novel three-dimensional nickel hydroxide/polyurethane (Ni(OH)/PU) electrode was prepared by a simple and environmentally friendly method and used for non-enzymatic detection of glucose. The Ni(OH)/PU electrode was obtained by one-pot hydrothermal method of loading nickel hydroxide on a cheap, easily available and flexible polyurethane sponge, which is facile and energy-saving. The porous structure of the polyurethane sponge provides a large surface area and a rich electrochemical active site for the electrode, which is beneficial to the oxidation reaction of glucose on the surface of the electrode with Ni(OH).

Rational Design of Novel Efficient Palladium Electrode Embellished 3D Hierarchical Graphene/Polyimide Foam for Hydrogen Peroxide Electroreduction.

The electrocatalytic applications of traditional polyimide film and carbon nanomaterials are hindered due to a shortage of three-dimensional hierarchical conductivity and porous structure. Herein, a novel polyimide-based electrode based on a highly efficient palladium nanocatalyst embellished three-dimensional reduced graphene oxide/polyimide foam (Pd/3D RGO@PI foam, signed PRP) toward HO electroreduction was designed and prepared through thermal foaming procedure, followed by facile dip-drying method and electrodeposition. As expected, such a binder-free, 3D hierarchical structure PRP electrode presented high catalytic property, good stability, as well as low activation energy toward HO electroreduction during the electrochemical measurement period.

Isolation, purification, structural analysis and biological activities of water-soluble polysaccharide from Glehniae radix.

A new polysaccharide named GRP (Glehniae radix polysaccharide) was isolated and purified from Glehniae radix by hot water extraction, ethanol precipitation, anion-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography. GRP was homogeneous, with a molecular weight of 1.33×10Da, as determined by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography-refractive index detector analysis.

Simultaneous quantification of fifteen compounds in rat plasma by LC-MS/MS and its application to a pharmacokinetic study of Chaihu-Guizhi decoction.

A simple, sensitive and selective high-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination and pharmacokinetic study of 15 active compounds (Saikosaponin A, Baicalin, Wogonin, Glycyrrhizic acid, Glycyrrhetinic acid, Albiflorin, Paeoniflorin, Liquiritin, Isoliquiritin, Liquiritigenin, Isoliquiritigenin, Cinnamic acid, Gallic acid, Wogonoside and Oroxylin A) in rat plasma. After a feasible protein precipitation using methanol for sample preparation, chromatographic separation was carried out with a Halo® C column (2.1 × 100 mm, 2.

Proteomic analysis reveals that pheophorbide a-mediated photodynamic treatment inhibits prostate cancer growth by hampering GDP-GTP exchange of ras-family proteins.

Background: We previously reported that pheophorbide a (PhA), excited by 630 nm light, significantly inhibited the growth of prostate cancer cells. In this study, we employed whole-cell proteomics to investigate photodynamic treatment (PDT)-related proteins.

Methods: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) coupled with tandem mass spectrometry was employed to reveal the proteins involved in PhA-mediated PDT in LNCaP and PC-3 prostate cancer cells.

[Action mechanism of Mahuang Xixin Fuzi decoction for mice with influenza based on metabolomics information].

This study aimed to analyze the endogenous metabolite changes in the serum of mice infected with H1N1 virus after intervention by Mahuang-Xixin-Fuzi decoction (MXF) based on metabolomics method, investigate potential biomarkers and related metabolic pathways, and explore the therapeutic mechanism of MXF through metabolomics technology. Thirty-six Kunming (KM) mice were randomly divided into three groups: normal group, model group and MXF group. Influenza virus H1N1 was used by nasal drip to establish influenza mice model.

Grifolin induces apoptosis and promotes cell cycle arrest in the A2780 human ovarian cancer cell line via inactivation of the ERK1/2 and Akt pathways.

Grifolin, a secondary metabolic product isolated from the mushroom , has been demonstrated to possess antitumor activities in a variety of malignant cells. However, the signaling pathways and the molecular mechanisms underlying the anticancer effects of the agent in human ovarian cancer remain to be elucidated. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of grifolin treatment on the human ovarian cancer cell line, A2780.

Forkhead transcription factor 1 inhibits endometrial cancer cell proliferation via sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1.

The morbidity and mortality associated with endometrial cancer (EC) has increased in recent years. Regarded as a tumor suppressor, forkhead transcription factor 1 (FOXO1) has various biological activities and participates in cell cycle progression, apoptosis and differentiation. Notably, FOXO1 also functions in the regulation of lipogenesis and energy metabolism.

Grifolin induces autophagic cell death by inhibiting the Akt/mTOR/S6K pathway in human ovarian cancer cells.

Grifolin, a secondary metabolic product isolated from the mushroom Albatrellus confluence, has been reported to possess antitumor activities in various tumors. To date, no report exists on the role of autophagy in grifolin-treated human ovarian cancer cells. In the present study, we investigated the effect and the mechanism of autophagy in ovarian cancer.

[The Component Analysis of Petroleum Ether Extract in Scutellariae barbatae,Hedyotis diffusa and the Herb Pair and the Investigation of Anti-Endometrial Cancer Cells Activity].

Objective: To investigate the chemical components and the activity of anti-endometrial cancer cells of the petroleum ether extract in Scutellariae barbatae and Hedyotis diffusa and the herb pair.

Methods: Main composition analysis and identification were determined by the GC-MS technology combined with Kovats retention index( KI). Activity of anti-endometrial cancer cells was researched by MTT assay.

Biglycan enhances the ability of migration and invasion in endometrial cancer.

Objective: This study aimed to confirm that biglycan (BGN) can promote the migration and invasion in endometrial cancer both in vitro and in vivo and the possible therapeutic value of BGN in endometrial cancer.

Methods: Western blot was used to screen out the higher protein level of BGN in human endometrial cancer cells; BGN knocked down cells were constructed by lentiviral transfection; The effect of BGN in endometrial cancer detected by wound healing, transwell migration, and invasion, endothelial tube formation assay in vitro, and xenograft model in vivo.

Results: (1) We found that BGN expression level is higher in the Ishikawa (ISK, high differentiation) and AN3CA (poor differentiation) cells than other endometrial cancer cells.

SIRT1 promotes endometrial tumor growth by targeting SREBP1 and lipogenesis.

Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) is involved in a number of cellular regulatory mechanisms affecting cellular life span, stress resistance, apoptosis and cellular metabolism. Recent studies have revealed that SIRT1 plays a dual role as a tumor suppressor and a tumor promoter in multiple stages of carcinogenesis. Increased lipogenesis has been found in cancer cells, sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1) are nuclear lipogenic transcription factors, which mainly regulate lipogenic processes by activating genes involved in fatty acid and triglyceride biosynthesis.

[GC-MS analysis for volatile components from alpiniae katsumadai semen by three extraction methods].

Objective: To analysis the volatile components in Alpiniae Katsumadai Semen.

Methods: The volatile components were extracted from Alpiniae Katsumadai Semen by steam distillation, head space injection and supercritical fluid extraction respectively, and then analyzed by GC-MS combined with Kovat's retention index.

Results: The volatile components extracted by steam distillation or head space extraction were found more likely to be terpenoids, whereas components extracted by supercritical fluid extraction were more likely to be alkenes, alcohols and aromatic compounds.

Single nucleotide polymorphism of SREBF-1 gene associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer in Chinese women.

Aim: Elevated levels of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) have been found in endometrial cancer (EC), suggesting that it is essential to the development of EC. Obesity and diabetes have been established as known risk factors of EC, while SREBF-1 gene polymorphisms have also been found to be associated with obesity and type II diabetes. Therefore, we hypothesize that single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in SREBF-1 gene may be associated with increased risk of EC.

Sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1/fatty acid synthase involvement in proliferation inhibition and apoptosis promotion induced by progesterone in endometrial cancer.

Background: The number of endometrial cancer (EC) cases is escalating rapidly, with no evident improvements in survival rates. The downregulation of progesterone receptor, resulting in progestin resistance, is presently a major problem regarding the therapeutic aspect. On the basis of this, we can focus more on the downstream signaling pathways that are controlled by progesterone.