Single-cell profiling reveals distinct immune response landscapes in tuberculous pleural effusion and non-TPE.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by () and remains a major health threat worldwide. However, a detailed understanding of the immune cells and inflammatory mediators in -infected tissues is still lacking. Tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE), which is characterized by an influx of immune cells to the pleural space, is thus a suitable platform for dissecting complex tissue responses to infection.

Comparison of the effects of Valsalva maneuver, EMLA cream, and the combination of both in relieving pain of needle insertion on totally implantable access port: A randomized controlled study.

Background: Totally implantable access port (TIAP) is a subcutaneously implanted, long-term infusion device that is widely used in oncology patients. However, multiple needle insertions into TIAP may lead to pain, anxiety, and dread in patients. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of Valsalva maneuver, eutectic mixture of local anesthetics (EMLA) cream, and the combination of both in relieving pain of cannulations on TIAP.

Systemic immune dysregulation in severe tuberculosis patients revealed by a single-cell transcriptome atlas.

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, is currently the deadliest infectious disease in human that can evolve to severe forms. A comprehensive immune landscape for Mtb infection is critical for achieving TB cure, especially for severe TB patients. We performed single-cell RNA transcriptome and T-cell/B-cell receptor (TCR/BCR) sequencing of 213,358 cells from 27 samples, including 6 healthy donors and 21 active TB patients with varying severity (6 mild, 6 moderate and 9 severe cases).

Use of T-SPOT.TB for the diagnosis of unconventional pleural tuberculosis is superior to ADA in high prevalence areas: a prospective analysis of 601 cases.

Background: Tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) is the most common extrapulmonary manifestation and may have lasting effect on lung function. However conventional diagnostic tests for TPE register multiple limitations. This study estimates diagnostic efficacy of the interferon gamma release assay (IGRA: T-SPOT.

Comparison of diagnostic accuracy of the GeneXpert Ultra and cell-free nucleic acid assay for tuberculous meningitis: A multicentre prospective study.

Design: A prospective multicentre study was conducted to compare the diagnostic accuracy of the GeneXpert MTB/RIF Ultra (Xpert Ultra) and cell-free DNA (cfDNA) assay for tuberculous meningitis (TBM) in China.

Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted among individuals with symptoms suggestive of TBM registered in three TB specialised hospitals in China between June 2018 and January 2019.

Results: Overall, 84 patients suggestive of TBM were included in this analysis between June 2018 and January 2019.

An Intensified Regimen Containing Linezolid Could Improve Treatment Response in Lung Disease.

Background: Treatment response for the () lung disease remains far from satisfying. An effective regimen is needed to solve the problem.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all patients with lung disease who received antibiotics regimen at Beijing Chest Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University between July 1, 2010, and February 1, 2018.

An improved algorithm for rapid diagnosis of pleural tuberculosis from pleural effusion by combined testing with GeneXpert MTB/RIF and an anti-LAM antibody-based assay.

Background: This retrospective study evaluated the performance of a lipoarabinomannan (LAM)-based immunological method for diagnosing pleural tuberculosis (TB) from pleural effusion samples. Results were compared to those obtained using conventional culture and molecular testing methods.

Methods: Suspected pleural TB patients who visited Beijing Chest Hospital for medical care between January 2016 and June 2017 were retrospectively analysed in the study.

Serum vitamin D level and vitamin D receptor genotypes may be associated with tuberculosis clinical characteristics: A case-control study.

Vitamin D is associated with the susceptibility of tuberculosis and might have an adjunctive effect on anti-tuberculosis treatment. This study aims to investigate the association of vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms with susceptibility and severity to multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in comparison with drug-sensitive tuberculosis (DS-TB) and health controls in China.A total of 180 patients with pulmonary TB (128 DS-TB, 52 MDR-TB) and 59 healthy controls were enrolled into 3 groups.