Epidemiology and prognostic nomogram for invasive breast cancer aged 85 years and older in the USA.

The available data on epidemiology and prognostic factors of female patients with breast cancer aged 85 years and older in the USA are limited, especially regarding molecular-level heterogeneity. Relevant data were extracted from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end-result database. The incidence rate and the annual prevalence rate were determined.

Global H. pylori recurrence, recrudescence, and re-infection status after successful eradication in pediatric patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Little information is available regarding global H. pylori recurrence, recrudescence, and re-infection in pediatric patients after successful eradication, nor are their influencing factors clear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine global H.

Evaluation of Breast Galactography Using Digital Breast Tomosynthesis: A Clinical Exploratory Study.

Objectives: To compare the application value of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) and full-field digital mammography (FFDM) in breast galactography.

Materials And Methods: A total of 128 patients with pathological nipple discharge (PND) were selected to undergo galactography. DBT and FFDM were performed for each patient after injecting the contrast agent; the radiation dose of DBT and FFDM was calculated, and the image quality was evaluated in consensus by two senior breast radiologists.

Decreased contrast sensitivity of visual cortical cells to visual stimuli accompanies a reduction of intracortical inhibition in old cats.

Psychophysical experiments on human and animal subjects have proven that aged individuals show significantly reduced visual contrast sensitivity compared with young adults. To uncover the possible neural mechanisms, we used extracellular single-unit recording techniques to examine the response of V(1) (primary visual cortex) neurons as a function of visual stimulus contrast in both old and young adult cats (Felis catus). The mean contrast sensitivity of V(1) neurons to visual stimuli in old cats decreased significantly relative to young adult cats, consistent with findings reported in old primates.

Effects of urethane on the response properties of visual cortical neurons in young adult and old cats.

Previous studies have shown that visual cortical neurons in old mammals exhibit higher spontaneous activity, higher responsiveness to visual stimuli, and lower selectivity for stimulus orientations and motion directions than did neurons in young adult counterparts. However, whether the responsive difference in cortical neurons between young and old animals resulted from different effects induced by anesthetics has remained unclear. To clarify this issue, we recorded the response properties of individual neurons in the primary visual cortex of old and young adult cats while systematically varying the anesthesia level of urethane, a widely used anesthetic in physiology experiments.

Decline of selectivity of V1 neurons to visual stimulus spatial frequencies in old cats.

Objective: To examine whether the selectivity of visual cortical neurons to stimulus spatial frequencies would be affected by aging in cats.

Methods: In vivo extracellular single-unit recording techniques were employed to record the tuning responses of V1 neurons to different stimulus spatial frequencies in old and young adult cats.

Results: Statistical analysis showed that the mean optimal spatial frequency of grating stimuli that evoked the maximal response of V1 neurons in old cats was significantly lower than that in young adult cats.