Improved enzymatic hydrolysis of corn stover by a low-temperature and low-pressure holding post-treatment.

Lignocellulose is one of the world's most abundant and underutilized biomass resources, and its proper treatment and utilization are critical to environmental issues and sustainable development. However, lignocellulose's inherently compact and intricate structure reduces enzymatic hydrolysis's efficiency, which is still an obstacle to overcome. A new pretreatment method with relatively low-temperature and low-pressure holding (LTLPH) after the traditional extrusion, pulp refining instrument (PFI), and instant catapult steam explosion (ICSE) was proposed to obtain a better output of corn stover saccharification.

Ultra-Antifouling Liquid-Like Surfaces for Sustainable Viscous Water-in-Oil Emulsions Separation and Oil Recovery.

The demand for efficient separation techniques in industries dealing with high viscosity emulsions has surged due to their widespread applications in various scenarios, including emulsion-based drug delivery systems, the removal of emulsified impurities in formulations and oil spill remediation. However, membrane fouling is a major challenge for conventional separation methods, leading to decreased efficiency and increased maintenance costs. Herein, a novel approach is reported by constructing liquid-like surfaces with double anti-fouling structure, incorporating soft nanomicelles within a rigid, chemically cross-linked network for both anti-membrane-fouling and effective viscous water-in-oil emulsion separation.

Neuroanatomical basis of language ability in an autism subgroup with moderate language deficits.

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are highly heterogenous in their language abilities. A number of studies have shown neural correlates of language deficits in children with ASD, but the underlying neuroanatomical foundation of early language deficits in ASD remains largely elusive. In this study, we analyzed MRI data from a cohort of Chinese children with ASD (n = 67) and typical development (TD, n = 37) aged 1.

Outcomes of Patients Undergoing Elective Cancer Surgery After SARS-CoV-2 Infection: An Observational Cohort Study.

Background: We evaluated the impact of preoperative SARS-CoV-2 infections on postoperative outcomes among patients undergoing elective cancer surgery.

Methods: This ambidirectional (retrospective and prospective) study was conducted among patients undergoing elective cancer surgery between December 2022 and March 2023. Patients with different time intervals between SARS-CoV-2 infection and surgery (0-6 weeks and ≥7 weeks) were compared with those without SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Fosaprepitant for postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing laparoscopic gastrointestinal surgery: a randomised trial.

Background: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a major problem after surgery. Even with double prophylactic therapy including dexamethasone and a 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 receptor antagonist, the incidence is still high in many at-risk patients. Fosaprepitant, a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist, is an effective antiemetic, but its efficacy and safety in combination antiemetic therapy for preventing PONV remain unclear.

Effects of remote ischaemic preconditioning on myocardial injury after major abdominal surgery in patients at high risk for cardiovascular adverse events in China (RIPC-MAS): protocol for a randomised, sham-controlled, observer-blinded trial.

Introduction: Myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery (MINS) caused by an ischaemic mechanism is common and is associated with adverse short-term and long-term prognoses. However, MINS is a recent concept, and few studies have prospectively used it as a primary outcome. Remote ischaemic preconditioning (RIPC) is a non-invasive procedure that induces innate cardioprotection and may reduce MINS.

Absence of associations with prefrontal cortex and cerebellum may link to early language and social deficits in preschool children with ASD.

Introduction: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex developmental disorder, characterized by language and social deficits that begin to appear in the first years of life. Research in preschool children with ASD has consistently reported increased global brain volume and abnormal cortical patterns, and the brain structure abnormalities have also been found to be clinically and behaviorally relevant. However, little is known regarding the associations between brain structure abnormalities and early language and social deficits in preschool children with ASD.

Tumor-Derived PD-L1 Exosomes with Natural Inflammation Tropism for Psoriasis-Targeted Treatment.

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease whose etiology is directly related to the dysregulation of cutaneous immune homeostasis. However, how to finely modulate the skin immune microenvironment to restore homeostasis remains an important challenge. Inspired by the natural attribute of tumor exosomes in the immune escape, the tumor-derived exosomes as an active targeting nanoplatform for the effective treatment of inflammatory skin disorder were first reported.

The malignancy of chordomas is enhanced via a circTLK1/miR-16-5p/Smad3 positive feedback axis.

CircRNAs play crucial roles in various malignancies via an increasing number of reported regulatory mechanisms, including the classic sponging mechanism between circRNAs and micro RNAs (miRNAs). We performed bioinformatic analyses and identified circTLK1 as a regulator of malignant chordoma progression. Moreover, we observed that circTLK1 showed high expression in chordoma cells and tissues, while circTLK1 interference suppressed chordoma cell proliferation and invasion.

The COPS3-FOXO3 positive feedback loop regulates autophagy to promote cisplatin resistance in osteosarcoma.

Chemotherapy is an important treatment modality for osteosarcoma (OS), but the development of chemoresistance limits the therapeutic efficacy of OS and results in a poor prognosis. Thus, a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying chemoresistance in OS is essential. We previously demonstrated that COPS3/CSN3 (COP9 signalosome subunit 3) functions as an oncogene to promote OS cells lung metastasis, which is closely related to chemoresistance.

Controlled release of minocycline in hydroxyapatite/chitosan composite for periodontal bone defect repair.

The aim was to obtain bone repair materials with sustained release of minocycline and evaluate the effect in periodontal bone defect repair. Two complex material, hydroxyapatite/chitosan (HA/CS) and minocycline-hydroxyapatite/chitosan (Mino-HA/CS), were prepared by the co-precipitation method. The physical and chemical property, cytotoxicity, release of minocycline and the bacteriostasis examination of the materials were evaluated, they were applied to the rabbit model of mandible bone defect to evaluate their effects on the regeneration of periodontal bone defect.

PI3K inhibitor impairs tumor progression and enhances sensitivity to anlotinib in anlotinib-resistant osteosarcoma.

Despite recent improvements in the therapeutic management of osteosarcoma (OS), the ongoing challenges in overcoming resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) warrant new strategies to improve overall patient survival. In this study, we established four anlotinib-resistant OS cell lines and demonstrated that the mechanism of anlotinib resistance is due to the loss of PTEN and reactivation of the MAPK pathway. Reduced PTEN expression was also observed in tumor samples from patients with OS and lung metastasis.

Immune-Related LncRNAs Affect the Prognosis of Osteosarcoma, Which Are Related to the Tumor Immune Microenvironment.

Abnormal expression of lncRNA is closely related to the occurrence and metastasis of osteosarcoma. The tumor immune microenvironment (TIM) is considered to be an important factor affecting the prognosis and treatment of osteosarcoma. This study aims to explore the effect of immune-related lncRNAs (IRLs) on the prognosis of osteosarcoma and its relationship with the TIM.

Development and Validation of an Ultrasonic Diagnostic Model for Differentiating Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma from Follicular Adenoma.

Background: High-resolution ultrasound is the first choice for the diagnosis of thyroid nodules, but it is still difficult to distinguish between follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) and follicular adenoma (FA). Our research aimed to develop and validate an ultrasonic diagnostic model for differentiating FTC from FA.

Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed 196 patients who were diagnosed as FTC (n=83) and FA (n=113).

Development of a Nomogram for Predicting the Efficacy of Preoperative Chemotherapy in Osteosarcoma.

Background: Due to the obvious heterogeneity of osteosarcoma, many patients are not sensitive to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. In this study, the clinical characteristics and auxiliary examinations of patients with osteosarcoma were used to predict the effect of preoperative chemotherapy, so as to guide the clinical adjustment of the treatment plan to improve the prognosis of patients.

Methods: In this study, 90 patients with pathologically confirmed osteosarcoma were included, and they were randomly divided into training cohort (n=45) and validation cohort (n=45).

Chloroquine suppresses proliferation and invasion and induces apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells associated with inhibition of phosphorylation of STAT3.

Background: Osteosarcoma (OS) is characterized by a high rate of metastasis. It has been found that tumor cells can bypass apoptosis which leads to an uncontrolled proliferation, but chloroquine (CQ) can have an effect on the tumors by inducing apoptosis. We aimed to explore the effects and the hypothetical mechanism of CQ effects on OS.

The Value of Relative Size in the Ultrasound Diagnosis of Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm.

Purpose: Ultrasonography as the first choice for thyroid nodules is still difficult to distinguish between solid follicular thyroid neoplasm (FTN) and solid nodular goiter (NG). We tried to investigate the value of relative size (M/S, M: the maximum diameter of target nodule, S: the maximum diameter of the largest of the remaining nodules) that may help to differentiate FTN from NG.

Methods: test and chi-square test were used to retrospectively analyze the differences of the clinical and ultrasonographic characteristics between FTN and NG in 422 cases in our hospital.

Macrophages-derived exosomal lncRNA LIFR-AS1 promotes osteosarcoma cell progression via miR-29a/NFIA axis.

Background: Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in young people. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) have been reported to play an important role in the development of osteosarcoma. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown and need to be elucidated.

The role of tumor-associated macrophages in osteosarcoma progression - therapeutic implications.

Background: Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumor. Compared with previous treatment modalities, such as amputation, more recent comprehensive treatment modalities based on neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with limb salvage surgery have improved the survival rates of patients. Osteosarcoma treatment has, however, not further improved in recent years.

Clinical efficacy of intravaginal recombinant lysostaphin administration on endometritis in sows.

Recombinant lysostaphin has been used for the treatment of cow endometritis and mastitis in China. To our knowledge, no scientific effort has been made to evaluate the efficacy of lysostaphin in sows with clinical endometritis. Lysostaphin, loaded in effervescent tablets that were completely foamed and dissolved within 30 min in the presence of water or body fluids and released active lysostaphin, were administered vaginally on endometritis sows in this study.

LncRNA CASC15 is Upregulated in Osteosarcoma Plasma Exosomes and CASC15 Knockdown Inhibits Osteosarcoma Progression by Regulating miR-338-3p/RAB14 Axis.

Background: Currently, plenty of studies have demonstrated that lncRNAs can act as crucial roles during the progression of various tumors, including osteosarcoma (OS), and emerging evidences indicated that lncRNAs are abundant and stable in exosomes. The objective of this study is to reveal the dysregulated lncRNAs in OS plasma exosomes and explore their functions in OS.

Materials And Methods: Microarray was performed to analyze dysregulated exosomal lncRNAs.

LAMP2: a major update of the database linking antimicrobial peptides.

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been regarded as a potential weapon to fight against drug-resistant bacteria, which is threating the globe. Thus, more and more AMPs had been designed or identified. There is a need to integrate them into a platform for researchers to facilitate investigation and analyze existing AMPs.

HER4 promotes the growth and metastasis of osteosarcoma via the PI3K/AKT pathway.

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor, which occurs in adolescents. As reported by our previous studies, HER4 indicates a poor prognosis of primary osteosarcoma. However, its mechanisms in the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma have not yet been studied.

Clinicopathological value of ErbB2 gene and protein expression in osteochondroma.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate ErbB2 expression in osteochondroma and its relationship with clinicopathologic features of osteochondroma, so as to identify a new biomarker for the malignant transformation potential of osteochondroma.

Methods: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were used to investigate the expression status of ErbB2 protein and gene in 30 osteochondroma tissues and 20 non-neoplastic bone tissues. The association of ErbB2 gene and protein expression with clinicopathological parameters of osteochondroma was analyzed by using the χ2 test and Fishers exact test.

The role of soluble B cell-activating factor in further stratifying the risk of antibody-mediated rejection post-renal transplant: A meta-analysis.

Background: We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the predictive value of serum soluble B cell-activating factor (sBAFF) for antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR), which remains controversial.

Methods: Systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and three Chinese databases. Studies of any relevant design were included.