Fucoidan ameliorates rotenone-induced Parkinsonism in mice by regulating the microbiota-gut-brain axis.

Microbiota-gut-brain axis, the bidirectional relationship between the gut microbiota and the brain, has been increasingly appreciated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Fucoidan, a sulphate-rich polysaccharide, has been shown to be neuroprotective by reducing oxidative stress in PD models. However, the role of microbiota-gut-brain axis in the neuroprotective activity of fucoidan has not been revealed.

Is a Candidate Probiotic Species with Potential Anti-Colitis Properties in the Human Colon: First Evidence from an In Vivo Mouse Model.

Previous studies have indicated a critical role of intestinal bacteria in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC). is a commensal species from the human gut microbiota. However, what effect it has on UC development has not been investigated.

Degradation and fermentation of hyaluronic acid by Bacteroides spp. from the human gut microbiota.

Bacteroides spp. are prominent members of the human gut microbiota that play critical roles in the metabolism of complex carbohydrates from the daily diet. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a multifunctional polysaccharide which has been extensively used in the food and biomedical industry.

Bacteroides salyersiae is a potent chondroitin sulfate-degrading species in the human gut microbiota.

Chondroitin sulfate (CS) has widely been used as a symptomatic slow-acting drug or a dietary supplement for the treatment and prevention of osteoarthritis. However, CS could not be absorbed after oral intake due to its polyanionic nature and large molecular weight. Gut microbiota has recently been proposed to play a pivotal role in the metabolism of drugs and nutrients.

Polyguluronate alleviates ulcerative colitis by targeting the gut commensal Lactobacillus murinus and its anti-inflammatory metabolites.

Polyguluronate (PG) is a fermentable polysaccharide from edible algae. The present study was designed to investigate the therapeutic effect of PG on ulcerative colitis (UC) and its underlying mechanisms. Our results suggest that oral intake of PG attenuates UC and improves gut microbiota dysbiosis by promoting the growth of Lactobacillus spp.

In Vitro Fermentation of Polysaccharide from Edible Alga by the Gut Microbiota of Patients with Ulcerative Colitis.

Dietary intake of the sulfated polysaccharide from edible alga (ECP) has recently been illustrated to attenuate ulcerative colitis (UC) by targeting gut dysbiosis in mice. However, ECP is not easily absorbed in the gut and, as a potential candidate for next-generation prebiotics development, how it is fermented by human gut microbiota has not been characterized. Here, using in vitro anaerobic fermentation and 16S high-throughput sequencing, we illustrate for the first time the detailed fermentation characteristics of ECP by the gut microbiota of nine UC patients.

Discovery of F18-22 as a Safe and Novel Probiotic Bacterium for the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis from the Healthy Human Colon.

Previous studies have demonstrated that the intestinal abundance of is significantly higher in healthy controls than that in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). However, what effect has on the development of UC has not been characterized. Here, we show for the first time that F18-22, an alginate-fermenting bacterium isolated from the healthy human colon, protects against dextran-sulfate-sodium (DSS)-induced UC in mice.

Isolation of Alginate-Degrading Bacteria from the Human Gut Microbiota and Discovery of AY11-1 as a Novel Anti-Colitis Probiotic Bacterium.

Alginate has been documented to prevent the development and progression of ulcerative colitis by modulating the gut microbiota. However, the bacterium that may mediate the anti-colitis effect of alginate has not been fully characterized. We hypothesized that alginate-degrading bacteria might play a role here since these bacteria could utilize alginate as a carbon source.

Polysaccharide from Edible Alga Improves Ulcerative Colitis in Association with Increased Abundance of spp. in the Gut Microbiota of Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Fed Mice.

Polysaccharide from the edible alga has been demonstrated to exert beneficial effects on human health. However, what effect it has on inflammatory bowel diseases has not been investigated. Here, using a mouse model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis, we illustrate that polysaccharide (ECP) could alleviate body weight loss, reduce incidences of colonic bleeding, improve stool consistency and ameliorate mucosal damage in diseased mice.

Enterotype-Specific Effect of Human Gut Microbiota on the Fermentation of Marine Algae Oligosaccharides: A Preliminary Proof-of-Concept In Vitro Study.

The human gut microbiota plays a critical role in the metabolism of dietary carbohydrates. Previous studies have illustrated that marine algae oligosaccharides could be utilized and readily fermented by human gut microbiota. However, the human gut microbiota is classified into three different enterotypes, and how this may affect the fermentation processes of marine algae oligosaccharides has not been studied.

Polysaccharide from edible alga Gloiopeltis furcata attenuates intestinal mucosal damage by therapeutically remodeling the interactions between gut microbiota and mucin O-glycans.

Gloiopeltis furcata is an edible alga that has long been consumed in China. However, the bioactive polysaccharides from G. furcata have been largely unexplored.

Dietary Polysaccharide from Attenuates Obesity and Increases the Intestinal Abundance of Butyrate-Producing Bacterium, , in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet.

Previous studies have suggested that polysaccharide from (ECP) could be used as a potential prebiotic to treat dysbiosis-associated diseases. However, whether it has any therapeutic effects on obesity has not been investigated. In the present study, we explored the anti-obesity effect of ECP and illustrated that it can significantly reduce the body weight and decrease the serum levels of triacylglycerol and cholesterol in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice.

In vitro fermentation of hyaluronan by human gut microbiota: Changes in microbiota community and potential degradation mechanism.

Hyaluronan (HA) has been widely used as a dietary supplement which can be degraded by gut microbiota. However, the interactions between HA and gut microbiota have not been fully characterized. Here, using an in vitro system, we found that HA is readily fermented by human gut microbiota but with differing fermentative activities among individuals.

Fermentation of alginate and its derivatives by different enterotypes of human gut microbiota: Towards personalized nutrition using enterotype-specific dietary fibers.

Alginate and its derivatives are widely used as food additives and dietary fibers. Previous studies indicated that alginate, polyguluronate (PG) and polymannuronate acid (PM) could be fermented by human gut microbiota. However, how different compositions of the microbiota may affect the fermentation outcomes of these polysaccharides remains unknown.

In vitro fermentation and isolation of heparin-degrading bacteria from human gut microbiota.

Heparin and its derivative are commonly used as injectable anticoagulants in clinical procedures, but possess poor oral bioavailability. To explore the role of gut microbiota in the poor oral effect of heparin, the degradation profiles of heparin on six human gut microbiota were investigated. The heparin-degradation ability varied significantly among individuals.

Hepatic Slug epigenetically promotes liver lipogenesis, fatty liver disease, and type 2 diabetes.

De novo lipogenesis is tightly regulated by insulin and nutritional signals to maintain metabolic homeostasis. Excessive lipogenesis induces lipotoxicity, leading to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes. Genetic lipogenic programs have been extensively investigated, but epigenetic regulation of lipogenesis is poorly understood.

Dietary Polysaccharide from Modulates Gut Microbiota and Promotes the Growth of , spp. and spp.

Recently, accumulating evidence has suggested that polysaccharide (ECP) could contribute to the treatment of diseases. However, as a promising candidate for marine drug development, although ECP has been extensively studied, less consideration has been given to exploring its effect on gut microbiota. In this light, given the critical role of gut microbiota in health and disease, we investigated here the effect of ECP on gut microbiota using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing.

Correction: Dietary fucoidan modulates the gut microbiota in mice by increasing the abundance of Lactobacillus and Ruminococcaceae.

Correction for 'Dietary fucoidan modulates the gut microbiota in mice by increasing the abundance of Lactobacillus and Ruminococcaceae' by Qingsen Shang et al., Food Funct., 2016, 7, 3224-3232.

Gut microbiota fermentation of marine polysaccharides and its effects on intestinal ecology: An overview.

The gut microbiota that resides in the mammalian intestine plays a critical role in host health, nutrition, metabolic and immune homeostasis. As symbiotic bacteria, these microorganisms depend mostly on non-digestible fibers and polysaccharides as energy sources. Dietary polysaccharides that reach the distal gut are fermented by gut microbiota and thus exert a fundamental impact on intestinal ecology.

Carrageenan-induced colitis is associated with decreased population of anti-inflammatory bacterium, Akkermansia muciniphila, in the gut microbiota of C57BL/6J mice.

Carrageenan as a food additive has been used for years. However, controversy exists regarding to the safety of carrageenan and accumulating evidence indicates that it could induce colitis in experimental models. Here, to provide more information on this issue and solve the debate, we studied and compared in detail the toxic effects of different isomers of carrageenan (κ-, ι-, and λ-) on the colon of C57BL/6J mice.

Degradation of Marine Algae-Derived Carbohydrates by Bacteroidetes Isolated from Human Gut Microbiota.

Carrageenan, agarose, and alginate are algae-derived undigested polysaccharides that have been used as food additives for hundreds of years. Fermentation of dietary carbohydrates of our food in the lower gut of humans is a critical process for the function and integrity of both the bacterial community and host cells. However, little is known about the fermentation of these three kinds of seaweed carbohydrates by human gut microbiota.

Dietary Keratan Sulfate from Shark Cartilage Modulates Gut Microbiota and Increases the Abundance of Lactobacillus spp.

Keratan sulfate (KS) represents an important family of glycosaminoglycans that are critical in diverse physiological processes. Recently, accumulating evidence has provided a wealth of information on the bioactivity of KS, which established it as an attractive candidate for drug development. However, although KS has been widely explored, less attention has been given to its effect on gut microbiota.

Dietary fucoidan modulates the gut microbiota in mice by increasing the abundance of Lactobacillus and Ruminococcaceae.

Recently, fucoidan has been proposed as a potential prebiotic agent for functional food and pharmaceutical development. However, while previous studies illustrated favorable modulations of gut microbiota by fucoidan, changes in the overall microbial structure remain elusive. In the present study, modulations of gut microbiota by different fucoidans were studied using high throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis.

Structural modulation of gut microbiota by chondroitin sulfate and its oligosaccharide.

Chondroitin sulfate (CS) as a dietary supplement and a symptomatic slow acting (SYSA) drug has been used for years. Recently, CS has been demonstrated to be readily degraded and fermented in vitro by specific human gut microbes, hinting that dietary CS may pose a potential effect on gut microbiota composition in vivo. However, until now, little information is available on modulations of gut microbiota by CS.