A novel small molecule Enpp1 inhibitor improves tumor control following radiation therapy by targeting stromal Enpp1 expression.

The uniqueness in each person's cancer cells and variation in immune infiltrates means that each tumor represents a unique problem, but therapeutic targets can be found among their shared features. Radiation therapy alters the interaction between the cancer cells and the stroma through release of innate adjuvants. The extranuclear DNA that can result from radiation damage of cells can result in production of the second messenger cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) by cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS).

Biomimetic nanocarriers in cancer therapy: based on intercellular and cell-tumor microenvironment communication.

Inspired by the concept of "natural camouflage," biomimetic drug delivery systems have emerged to address the limitations of traditional synthetic nanocarriers, such as poor targeting, susceptibility to identification and clearance, inadequate biocompatibility, low permeability, and systemic toxicity. Biomimetic nanocarriers retain the proteins, nucleic acids, and other components of the parent cells. They not only facilitate drug delivery but also serve as communication media to inhibit tumor cells.

Fabrication of dry S/O/W microcapsule and its probiotic protection against different stresses.

Background: Encapsulation is commonly used to protect probiotics against harsh stresses. Thus, the fabrication of microcapsules with special structure is critical. In this work, microcapsules with the structure of S/O/W (solid-in-oil-in-water) emulsion were prepared for probiotics, with butterfat containing probiotics as the inner core and with whey protein isolate fibrils (WPIF) and antioxidants (epigallocatechin gallate, EGCG; glutathione, GSH) as the outer shell.

Effect of emulsifiers on the properties of corn starch films incorporated with Zanthoxylum bungeanum essential oil.

The use of natural and safe ingredients in green food packaging material is a hot research topic. This study investigated the effect of different emulsifiers on starch film properties. Three types of emulsifiers, including Tween 80 as a small-molecule surfactant, sodium caseinate (CAS), whey protein isolate (WPI), and gelatin (GE) as macromolecule emulsifiers, whey protein isolate fibril (WPIF) as a particle emulsifier, were utilized to prepare Zanthoxylum bungeanum essential oil (ZBO) emulsions.

Preparation and application of an imidazolium-based poly (ionic liquid) functionalized silica sorbent for solid-phase extraction of parabens from food samples.

In this work, an imidazolium-based poly (ionic liquid) (poly(1-octyl-3-vinyl- imidazolium naphthalene sulfonate)) functionalized silica (poly(CVImNapSO) @SiO) was successfully prepared for the determination of parabens in food samples. The prepared poly(CVImNapSO)@SiO was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectrogram (XPS) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The simulation calculation results indicated that the suitable binding energies were between the polymeric ionic liquids and parabens, and the main interactions for extraction were hydrogen bonding, electrostatic and π-π stacking interactions.

Starch/polyvinyl alcohol with ionic liquid/graphene oxide enabled highly tough, conductive and freezing-resistance hydrogels for multimodal wearable sensors.

With ever-growing demand for eco-friendly materials for wearable electronics, biopolymer-based hydrogels have drawn significant attention. As one of the most abundant and biodegradable biopolymers, starch-based hydrogels have a great potential for wearable electronics. However, mechanical fragility, low conductivity and subzero freeze restrict their applications.

Characteristics of health-state utilities used in cost-effectiveness analyses: a systematic review of published studies in Asia.

Introduction: Cost-utility analysis (CUA) is the preferred form of economic evaluation in many countries. As one of the key data inputs in cost-utility models, health state utility (HSU) has a crucial impact on CUA results. In the past decades, health technology assessment has been expanding rapidly in Asia, yet research examining the methodology and process used to generate cost-effectiveness evidence is scarce.

Cost-effectiveness of sacituzumab govitecan versus chemotherapy in advanced or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer.

Purpose: The ASCENT trial demonstrated the efficacy of sacituzumab govitecan for the treatment of advanced or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). The current study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of receiving sacituzumab govitecan compared with standard of care chemotherapy from the United States payer perspective.

Methods: A partitioned survival approach was used to project the disease course of advanced or metastatic TNBC.

Effects of Drying Methods on Taste Components and Flavor Characterization of .

The influences of four drying methods (hot air drying (HAD), vacuum freeze drying (VFD), vacuum drying (VD) and intermittent microwave combined with hot air drying (MW-HAD)) on the taste profile and flavor characteristic of were investigated. MW-HAD samples had the highest levels of umami taste 5'-nucleotides, bitter taste amino acids, and equivalent umami concentration (EUC) value. The aroma fingerprints and differences of dried were established by GC-MS with odor activity values (OAVs) and GC-IMS with principal component analysis (PCA).

Budget Impact Analysis of the Introduction of a Trastuzumab Biosimilar for HER2-Positive Breast Cancer in China.

Background And Objective: Biosimilars provide the possibility to reduce the high expenditure on biologic drugs and expand access to effective but less expensive treatments. Biosimilars of trastuzumab showed significant cost savings from the payer's perspective in the USA and Europe. After 2020, with the first approval of a trastuzumab biosimilar in China, it became feasible for biosimilar switching for trastuzumab.

Atezolizumab plus platinum-based chemotherapy as first-line therapy for metastatic urothelial cancer: A cost-effectiveness analysis.

According to the IMvigor130 trial, adding atezolizumab to platinum-based chemotherapy was effective in the treatment of metastatic urothelial cancer (mUC). Based on the perspective of the United States and China, the current study evaluated cost-effectiveness of atezolizumab plus chemotherapy for mUC patients in the first-line setting. A partitioned survival model was adopted for mUC patients.

Improving the sensitivity of lateral flow immunoassay for Salmonella typhimurium detection via flow-rate regulation.

Application of the traditional immunochromatographic assay (ICGA) has been limited by its poor sensitivity. The objective of this study was to increase the sensitivity of the traditional ICGA. A dual-mode ICGA (D-M ICGA) was developed by combining a nanozyme-assisted signal-amplification strategy with a magnetic-nanoparticle-based flow-speed-control strategy.

Melatonin Attenuates the Urea-Induced Yields Improvement Through Remodeling Transcriptome and Rhizosphere Microbial Community Structure in Soybean.

Foliar application of nitrogen to enhance crop productivity has been widely used. Melatonin is an effective regulator in promoting plant growth. However, the effects of melatonin and the combination of melatonin and nitrogen on soybeans yields production remain largely unknown.

Protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs) negatively regulate ebolavirus structural glycoprotein expression in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) via the autophagy-lysosomal pathway.

Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV) causes a severe hemorrhagic fever in humans and non-human primates with high morbidity and mortality. EBOV infection is dependent on its structural glycoprotein (GP), but high levels of GP expression also trigger cell rounding, detachment, and downregulation of many surface molecules that is thought to contribute to its high pathogenicity. Thus, EBOV has evolved an RNA editing mechanism to reduce its GP expression and increase its fitness.

Differential light-dependent regulation of soybean nodulation by papilionoid-specific HY5 homologs.

Legumes have evolved photosynthesis and symbiotic nitrogen fixation for the acquisition of energy and nitrogen nutrients. During the transition from heterotrophic to autotrophic growth, blue light primarily triggers photosynthesis and low soil nitrogen induces symbiotic nodulation. Whether and how darkness and blue light influence root symbiotic nodulation during this transition is unknown.

HIV-1 Nef interacts with the cyclin K/CDK13 complex to antagonize SERINC5 for optimal viral infectivity.

HIV-1-negative factor (Nef) protein antagonizes serine incorporator 5 (SERINC5) by redirecting this potent restriction factor to the endosomes and lysosomes for degradation. However, the precise mechanism remains unclear. Using affinity purification/mass spectrometry, we identify cyclin K (CycK) and cyclin-dependent kinase 13 (CDK13) as a Nef-associated kinase complex.

Trimer-based aptasensor for simultaneous determination of multiple mycotoxins using SERS and fluorimetry.

An aptasensor is reported for the detection of three different kinds of mycotoxins, i.e., zearalenone (ZEN), ochratoxin A (OTA), and fumonisin B1 (FB1).

Economic burden of patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer receiving nivolumab versus chemotherapy in China.

As new treatment patterns are gradually being used in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer, it is necessary to have a better understanding of real-world data on clinical practices and their potential impact on healthcare resource utilization (HCRU). A retrospective observational study was conducted with electronic medical records from Shanghai Chest Hospital. Hospitalized patients treated with nivolumab or second-line chemotherapy were included.

The Differences in the Safety and Tolerability of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors as Treatment for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Melanoma: Network Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have evolved for the treatment of solid tumors. In addition to the efficacy of ICIs for cancer, the adverse events (AEs) of ICIs are also noteworthy for gradually more extensive clinical use. To conduct a systematic review and network meta-analysis to evaluate the treatment-related AEs that occurred in clinical trials using different kinds of ICIs, to explore the differences in AEs among ICIs for treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and melanoma, and to compare select immune-related AEs.

Antiviral activity of Piscidin 1 against pseudorabies virus both in vitro and in vivo.

Background: Swine-origin virus infection spreading widely could cause significant economic loss to porcine industry. Novel antiviral agents need to be developed to control this situation.

Methods: In this study, we evaluated the activities of five broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) against several important swine-origin pathogenic viruses by TCID assay.

CD4 Expression and Env Conformation Are Critical for HIV-1 Restriction by SERINC5.

Serine incorporator 5 (SERINC5) is a recently identified restriction factor that strongly blocks HIV-1 entry but is counteracted by Nef. Notably, tier 1 HIV-1 Env proteins are sensitive to SERINC5, whereas the majority of tier 2/3 Env proteins are resistant to SERINC5, when viruses are produced from CD4-negative cells and tested by a single-round replication assay. Here, we investigated the Env-dependent SERINC5 antiviral mechanism by comparing tier 1 NL Env with tier 3 AD8 Env proteins.

The retroviral accessory proteins S2, Nef, and glycoMA use similar mechanisms for antagonizing the host restriction factor SERINC5.

Serine incorporator 5 (SERINC5) is a recently identified restriction factor that blocks virus entry but is antagonized by three unrelated retroviral accessory proteins. The S2 protein from equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) has been reported to reduce SERINC5 expression at steady-state levels likely via the endocytic pathway; however, the precise mechanism is still unclear. Here, we investigated how EIAV S2 protein down-regulates SERINC5 compared with down-regulation induced by Nef from HIV-1 and glycoMA proteins from murine leukemia virus (MLV).

Poxviruses Evade Cytosolic Sensing through Disruption of an mTORC1-mTORC2 Regulatory Circuit.

Viruses employ elaborate strategies to coopt the cellular processes they require to replicate while simultaneously thwarting host antiviral responses. In many instances, how this is accomplished remains poorly understood. Here, we identify a protein, F17 encoded by cytoplasmically replicating poxviruses, that binds and sequesters Raptor and Rictor, regulators of mammalian target of rapamycin complexes mTORC1 and mTORC2, respectively.

Author Correction: HIV-1 counteracts an innate restriction by amyloid precursor protein resulting in neurodegeneration.

The original version of this Article contained an error in the Methods section 'Viruses and drugs'. The timing for drug treatment of CHME3 4 × 4 or 293T cells with γ-secretase inhibitor or BACE1 inhibitor was incorrectly given as '1 day prior to infection or transfection' and should have stated '4 or 6 h post transfection or infection, respectively'. This error is now corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.