Research note: Prevalence and genetic characteristics of pathogenic E. coli isolates from domestic pigeons in central China.

Pigeon has become popular as a food recently, due to their highly nutritive valuE. colibacillosis, which is caused by pathogenic E. coli, is one of the most important bacterial diseases in pigeon breeding.

Research Notes: Evaluation of recombinant Newcastle disease virus expressing gB protein of infectious laryngotracheitis virus as bivalent in ovo vaccine.

Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) and Newcastle disease (ND) are 2 highly infectious avian respiratory diseases that have caused significant economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. In ovo vaccination is administered during the late stage of incubation and is an attractive immunization method for poultry industry. However, most of the avian live vaccine strains that are safe for use after hatching are highly pathogenic to chicken embryos and therefore unsafe for in ovo vaccination.

Genome-Based Analysis of Genetic Diversity, Antimicrobial Susceptibility, and Virulence Gene Distribution in Pullorum Isolates from Poultry in China.

Pullorum disease, caused by serovar Pullorum (. Pullorum) infection, is a major pathogenic threat to the poultry industry. In this study, 40 .

Spray vaccination with a Newcastle disease virus (NDV)-vectored infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) vaccine protects commercial chickens from ILT in the presence of maternally-derived antibodies.

Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) poses a significant threat to the poultry industry, and vaccines play an important role in protection. However, due to the increasing scale of poultry production, there is an urgent need to develop vaccines that are suitable for convenient immunization methods such as spraying. Previous studies have shown that Newcastle disease virus (NDV)-ILT vaccines administered via intranasal and intraocular routes to commercial chickens carrying maternally-derived antibodies (MDAs) are still protective against ILT.

The impacts of animal agriculture on One Health-Bacterial zoonosis, antimicrobial resistance, and beyond.

The industrialization of animal agriculture has undoubtedly contributed to the improvement of human well-being by increasing the efficiency of food animal production. At the same time, it has also drastically impacted the natural environment and human society. The One Health initiative emphasizes the interdependency of the health of ecosystems, animals, and humans.

Mechanistic insights of magnolol antimicrobial activity against using untargeted metabolomic analyses.

The unreasonable use of antibiotics is one of the important causes of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) that poses a huge public health threat. Magnolol is a traditional Chinese medicine exhibiting antibacterial-, antifungal-, anti-inflammatory-, and antioxidant activities. However, it is unclear whether magnolol has an inhibitory effect on .

Virus-Like Particles Based on the Novel Goose Parvovirus (NGPV) VP2 Protein Protect Ducks against NGPV Challenge.

Novel goose parvovirus (NGPV), a genetic variant of goose parvovirus, has been spreading throughout China since 2015 and mainly infects ducklings with the symptoms of growth retardation, beak atrophy, and protruding tongue, leading to huge economic losses every year. A safe and effective vaccine is urgently needed to control NGPV infection. In this study, virus-like particles (VLPs) of NPGV were assembled and evaluated for their immunogenicity.

A Multiplex Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Rapid Differential Detection of Subgroups A, B, J, and K Avian Leukosis Viruses.

Avian leukosis (AL), caused by avian leukosis virus (ALV), is a contagious tumor disease that results in significant economic losses for the poultry industry. Currently, ALV-A, B, J, and K subgroups are the most common in commercial poultry and cause possible coinfections. Therefore, close monitoring is necessary to avoid greater economic losses.

Genetic characteristics, antimicrobial susceptibility, and virulence genes distribution of isolated from local dual-purpose chickens in central China.

Food-borne antibiotic-resistant poses a serious threat to public health. To understand the prevalence and genetic characteristics of in Chinese local dual-purpose (meat and eggs) chickens, the genomes of 30 isolates, including 13 C and 17 C from Jianghan-chickens in central China, were sequenced and tested for antibiotic susceptibility. The results showed that CC-354 and CC-828 were the dominant clonal complexes of and , respectively, and a phylogenetic analysis showed that three unclassified multilocus sequence types of were more closely genetically related to than to other in this study.

Antibacterial activity mechanism of coptisine against .

Objective: is a widespread zoonotic pathogen that causes severe damage to the poultry industry. This study focused on the antibacterial effects and mechanism of action of coptisine against .

Methods: The minimum inhibitory concentration and half maximal inhibitory concentration of coptisine against was measured.

C-terminal truncation of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein enhances the virulence and immunogenicity of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine strain V4.

The hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a multifunctional protein with receptor recognition ability that plays an important role in the infection of cells by NDV. An alignment of NDV HN protein sequences of different genotypes showed that vaccine strains of NDV, such as the LaSota strain, generally have an HN protein of 577 amino acids. In comparison, the HN protein of the V4 strain has 616 amino acids, with 39 more amino acids at the C-terminus.

(Male Inflorescence of Carrière) Aqueous Extract Suppresses Pullorum Infection by Affecting T3SS-1.

Pullorum disease, caused by Pullorum (. Pullorum), is one of the most serious infectious diseases in the poultry industry. is traditionally used in Eastern Asian countries to treat various intestinal diseases.

Virulent Phage vB_EfaS_WH1 Removes Biofilm and Inhibits Its Growth on the Surface of Chicken Meat.

is a potential animal and human pathogen. Improper use of antibiotics encourages resistance. Bacteriophages and their derivatives are promising for treating drug-resistant bacterial infections.

Identification of Embryonic Chicken Proteases Activating Newcastle Disease Virus and Their Roles in the Pathogenicity of Virus Used as Vaccine.

vaccination is an attractive immunization approach for chickens. However, most live Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine strains used safely after hatching are unsafe as vaccines due to their high pathogenicity for chicken embryos. The mechanism for viral pathogenicity in chicken embryos is poorly understood.

Characterization of a Recombinant Thermostable Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) Expressing Glycoprotein gB of Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus (ILTV) Protects Chickens against ILTV Challenge.

Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) and Newcastle disease (ND) are two important avian diseases that have caused huge economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has been used as a vector in the development of vaccines and gene delivery. In the present study, we generated a thermostable recombinant NDV (rNDV) expressing the glycoprotein gB (gB) of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ITLV) based on the full-length cDNA clone of the thermostable TS09-C strain.

Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum -Lactamase-Resistant Genes in Isolates from Central China during 2016-2019.

The emergence and dissemination of () strains that produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) represents a major public health threat. The present study was designed to evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of ESBL-producing isolates from chickens in central China during 2016-2019. A total of 407 strains isolated from 581 chicken swabs were identified conventionally and analyzed for various cephalosporin susceptibility by disk-diffusion assay.

Quantitative regulation of the thermal stability of enveloped virus vaccines by surface charge engineering to prevent the self-aggregation of attachment glycoproteins.

The development of thermostable vaccines can relieve the bottleneck of existing vaccines caused by thermal instability and subsequent poor efficacy, which is one of the predominant reasons for the millions of deaths caused by vaccine-preventable diseases. Research into the mechanism of viral thermostability may provide strategies for developing thermostable vaccines. Using Newcastle disease virus (NDV) as model, we identified the negative surface charge of attachment glycoprotein as a novel determinant of viral thermostability.

Droplet Digital PCR-Based Detection and Quantification of GyrA Thr-86-Ile Mutation Based Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Campylobacter jejuni.

Fluoroquinolone (FQ)-resistant Campylobacter jejuni is a serious problem worldwide that limits effective treatment of infections. The traditional detection method depends on bacterial isolation and MIC testing, or traditional PCR, which is time-consuming and hard to identify the FQ-resistant C. jejuni in a high abundance wild-type background.

Prevalence of colistin resistance gene mcr-1 in Escherichia coli isolated from chickens in central China, 2014 to 2019.

Objectives: This study investigated the prevalence and characteristics of mcr-1-harbouring Escherichia coli isolated from chickens in central China from 2014 to 2019.

Methods: A total of 1132 E. coli isolated from 1647 chicken swabs were analysed for colistin susceptibility by broth microdilution method and prevalence of mcr-1 gene by PCR.

Genetic diversity and multidrug resistance of phylogenic groups B2 and D in InPEC and ExPEC isolated from chickens in Central China.

Background: Avian colibacillosis is an infectious bacterial disease caused by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC). APEC causes a wide variety of intestinal and extraintestinal infections, including InPEC and ExPEC, which result in enormous losses in the poultry industry. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of InPEC and ExPEC in Central China, and the isolates were characterized using molecular approaches and tested for virulence factors and antibiotic resistance.

Evaluation of a Virus-like Nanoparticle Porcine Circovirus Type-2 (PCV2) Capsid Protein Fused with the Pig Immunoglobulin Fc Fragment as a Novel Vaccine Candidate against PCV2 in Mice.

Porcine circovirus Type 2 (PCV2) is a primary etiological pathogen of post-weaning multi-systemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). The capsid protein of PCV2 is the crucial immunogenic protein which can induce antibody generation and immune responses. However, there is still a lack of efficient PCV2 vaccines with high immunogenicity.