Trajectories of pain and their associations with long-term cognitive decline in older adults: evidence from two longitudinal cohorts.

Background: Pain is a dynamic experience that varies over time, but it remains unknown whether trajectories of pain are associated with subsequent cognitive decline. The purpose of this study was to identify distinct trajectories of pain presence and activity-limiting pain and investigate their longitudinal associations with the rate of subsequent cognitive decline in older adults.

Methods: A total of 5685 participants from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) and 7619 participants from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) were included.

Effects of ultrasound on vascular endothelial growth factor in cartilage, synovial fluid, and synovium in rabbit knee osteoarthritis.

Ultrasound is commonly used to treat knee osteoarthritis (KOA), which has unique advantages with regard to relieving pain and inflammation as well as delaying cartilage degeneration, but the underlying mechanisms are less clear. The study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of ultrasound on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in cartilage, the synovium, and synovial fluid (SF) in a rabbit model of KOA. Twenty-four New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into ultrasound (group A), sham ultrasound (group B) and no-ACLT control groups (group C).

Effects of ultrasound therapy on the synovial fluid proteome in a rabbit surgery-induced model of knee osteoarthritis.

Background: Ultrasound (US) therapy may improve osteoarthritis symptoms. We investigated the effects of US on the synovial fluid (SF) proteome in a rabbit knee osteoarthritis (KOA) model to explore its therapeutic mechanisms.

Methods: Sixteen healthy 6-month-old New Zealand white rabbits (eight male, eight female), weighing 2.

The change of synovial fluid proteome in rabbit surgery-induced model of knee osteoarthritis.

The aims of this study were to explore the change of synovial fluid (SF) proteome in a knee osteoarthritis (KOA) rabbit model, and to provide a new target for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis at the proteomic level. Sixteen New Zealand rabbits were randomly and equally divided into two groups. Group A rabbits were subjected to right anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT), while group B rabbits were subjected to sham ACLT.

Differential proteomics of the synovial membrane between bilateral and unilateral knee osteoarthritis in surgery‑induced rabbit models.

The present study investigated the differential proteomics of synovial membranes between bilateral and unilateral anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) in rabbits with knee osteoarthritis (KOA), in order to elucidate the pathological biomarkers of different degrees of KOA. A total of 6 New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into groups A and B (three rabbits per group). The two groups were subjected to bilateral and unilateral ACLT, respectively.

The effect of therapeutic ultrasound to apoptosis of chondrocyte and caspase-3 and caspase-8 expression in rabbit surgery-induced model of knee osteoarthritis.

Recent studies have shown a positive correlation between the degree of severity of OA and the number of apoptotic chondrocytes. The purpose of our study was to determine the effect of therapeutic ultrasound on apoptosis in articular cartilage of rabbits with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Thirty 3-month New Zealand White rabbits were randomizingly divided into three groups, 10 in each group.

The effect of different treatment time of millimeter wave on chondrocyte apoptosis, caspase-3, caspase-8, and MMP-13 expression in rabbit surgically induced model of knee osteoarthritis.

The aim of this study is to observe the effect of different treatment time of millimeter wave (MMW) on chondrocyte apoptosis, caspase-3, caspase-8, and matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) in rabbit knee osteoarthritis induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). Thirty-two New Zealand White rabbits were randomly assigned into 4 groups: millimeter wave treatment for 20-min group (MWT20); millimeter wave treatment for 40-min group (MWT40); model control group (MC) and normal control group (NC). All groups received anterior cruciate ligament transection in the right knee except NC group.

Motor function and activities of daily living capacity of patients with fractures sustained during the Wenchuan earthquake.

Background: On the afternoon of May 12, 2008, a 8.0-magnitude earthquake hit Sichuan Province, a mountainous region in Western China, killing about 70 000 people and leaving over 18 000 missing. What about the survivors motor functions and activities of daily living (ADL) capacity, especially for fractures? We need the data to guide the rehabilitation for the seismic wounded and it's important to collect the data for the future.

Effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields on cartilage apoptosis signalling pathways in ovariectomised rats.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of exposure to pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) on modulation of the cartilage apoptosis signalling pathway in ovariectomised rats by monitoring the expression of mRNA of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) and Bax.

Methods: Forty-eight female Sprague-Dawley rats (250 ± 50 g) were randomly assigned to one of four groups: ovariectomy with PEMF treatment (PEMF group), ovariectomy with oestradiol (E2) treatment (oestrogen group), ovariectomy control (OVX group) and sham group. The ovariectomy model was prepared by surgical resection of the ovaries.

Comparing different physical factors on serum TNF-α levels, chondrocyte apoptosis, caspase-3 and caspase-8 expression in osteoarthritis of the knee in rabbits.

Objective: To study the therapeutic effects that different physical factors may have on rabbits with osteoarthritis of the knee.

Methods: A total of 64 rabbits were randomised and organised into eight groups, eight of which were each assigned a different physical factor, in which the rabbits received one type of physical therapy: millimetre waves for 20 min, pulsed electromagnetic fields, millimetre waves for 40 min, ultrasound, low-level laser therapy or ultrashort wave diathermy. The two remaining groups, the normal group and the model group, served as controls.

The effect of low-level laser to apoptosis of chondrocyte and caspases expression, including caspase-8 and caspase-3 in rabbit surgery-induced model of knee osteoarthritis.

The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of 810-nm low-level laser to apoptosis of chondrocyte and related proteins, including caspase-3 and caspase-8, in rabbit surgery-induced model of knee osteoarthritis. A total of 24 New Zealand White rabbits were randomly assigned into 3 groups: test group, model group, and normal group. The rabbits in test group and model group received anterior cruciate ligament transection in the right knee.

[Effect of osteophytes on bone mineral density of female lumbar spine].

Previous case-control studies have shown various degrees of inverse correlation between osteoarthritis (OA) and osteoporosis (OP). The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between osteophytes at the cervical , lumbar vertebrae and knee, and the bone mineral density (BMD) of lumbar spine. We analyzed the data on 4091 female patients (aged 13 to 92 years).

[Study on the relationship between body mass index and osteoporosis in males].

There were 482 male patients with non-hyperostosis diagnosed by X-ray among 1207 males who visited West China Hospital because of pain and/or numbness in bone or/and in joints from August 2003 to December 2005; the base-line information in records included age, stature, body weight(calculated BMD, symptoms, co-morbidities, exercise frequency, and smoking. The bone mineral density of lumbar spine was determined and used to judge osteoporosis or non-osteoporosis. Comparison was made on the basic information between osteoporosis group and non-osteoporosis group by t test or chi2 test statistical analysis; the relationship of multiple factors with osteoporosis was analyzed by Logistic Regression.

[On correlation between body mass index and lumbar spine average bone mineral density: a study in male patients with osteopenia and those with osteoporosis].

From among the patients who visited the Dept. of Rehabilitation of West China Hospital for arthalgia in the period from Aug. 2003 to Dec.

[Effect of body mass index on bone mass of lumbar spine of male patients with ostealgia and arthralgia but without osteoporosis].

For the purpose of identifying the effect of body mass index on bone mineral density, an investigation was made in regard to the relationship between body mass index (BMI), bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) of lumbar vertebrals of men without osteoporosis. 838 male patients were diagnosed and treated in West China Hospital of Sichuan University because of ostealgia and arthralgia from Aug. 2003 to Dec.

Correlation between obesity and female hyperostosis.

Background: Hyperostosis is a common pathological change among people more than 50 years old; it is connected with many risk factors, which are all indefinite. The aim of this study was to prospectively investigate the correlation between obesity and female hyperostosis.

Methods: Totally 4326 females were included in this study and their basic information including their age, stature, body weight, course of disease, symptoms, medical complications, frequency of exercise and smoking, and X-ray and bone mineral density (BMD) examination results, was carefully collected for a statistical analysis.

Pulse electromagnetic fields effects on serum E2 levels, chondrocyte apoptosis, and matrix metalloproteinase-13 expression in ovariectomized rats.

Observe pulse electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) effects on ovariectomized (OVX) rats, to study the mechanisms of PEMFs therapy for postmenopausal osteoarthritis. Forty-eight female rats were exposed to PEMFs (PEMFs group), administrated E2 and placebo PEMFs (E group), or were treated with placebo PEMFs (OVX and Sham groups). The treatment duration was 30 days after which serum E2 levels, chondrocyte morphology, chondrocyte apoptosis and matrix metalloproteinases-13 expression in knee joint was analyzed.