Anionic polysaccharides mixture control the assembly of nanoscale building blocks of calcium carbonate into hierarchical spherical and rod-shaped mesocrystals.

Biominerals, as complex organic-inorganic nanocomposites synthesized by organisms, exhibit unique properties across various scales. This study investigates the role of soluble organic molecules, specifically acidic polysaccharides such as N-carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) and chondroitin 6-sulfate (ChS), in regulating the formation of calcium carbonate mesocrystals. Using a precipitation method, the effects of these polymers on the morphology, size, and polymorphism of mesocrystals were evaluated.

Identifying novel clinical phenotypes of acute respiratory distress syndrome using trajectories of daily fluid balance: a secondary analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Previously identified phenotypes of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) could not reveal the dynamic change of phenotypes over time. We aimed to identify novel clinical phenotypes in ARDS using trajectories of fluid balance, to test whether phenotypes respond differently to different treatment, and to develop a simplified model for phenotype identification.

Methods: FACTT (conservative vs liberal fluid management) trial was classified as a development cohort, joint latent class mixed models (JLCMMs) were employed to identify trajectories of fluid balance.

Pharmacological Activity of Matrine in Inhibiting Colon Cancer Cells VM Formation, Proliferation, and Invasion by Downregulating Claudin-9 Mediated EMT Process and MAPK Signaling Pathway.

Purpose: Matrine (Mat), the main active ingredient of traditional Chinese herbal plant , has significant antitumor effects, but its pharmacological mechanism on colon cancer (CC) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of Mat on CC as well as the potential mechanism.

Methods: The vasculogenic mimicry (VM) of CC cells was observed by three-dimensional (3D) Matrigel cell culture.

Characteristics of frailty phenotype in Chinese nursing home population and significance of motor function indicators in frailty assessment.

The objectives of this study were to analyze the distribution characteristics of frailty phenotypes in older adults of Chinese nursing homes, and to compare some motor function characteristics of older adults in nursing homes between frailty and non-frailty, to determine which motor function and frailty are related. This cross-sectional study included 177 older adults living in nursing homes. Frailty was diagnosed by Fried's phenotype, and motor function assessment characteristics (including muscle tone, ROM, and balance) were also evaluated.

Bifunctional scaffolds for tumor therapy and bone regeneration: Synergistic effect and interplay between therapeutic agents and scaffold materials.

Bone tumor patients often face the problems with cancer cell residues and bone defects after the operation. Therefore, researchers have developed many bifunctional scaffolds with both tumor treatment and bone repair functions. Therapeutic agents are usually combined with bioactive scaffolds to achieve the "bifunctional".

Synergistic Effect of Surface Chemistry and Surface Topography Gradient on Osteogenic/Adipogenic Differentiation of hMSCs.

Much attention has been paid to understanding the individual effects of surface chemistry or topography on cell behavior. However, the synergistic influence of both surface chemistry and surface topography on differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) should also be addressed. Here, gold nanoparticles were immobilized in an increasing number density manner to achieve a surface topography gradient; a thin film rich in amine (-NH) or methyl (-CH) chemical groups was plasma-polymerized to adjust the surface chemistry of the outermost layer (ppAA and ppOD, respectively).

Somatic Mutation Profiling of Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas by Whole-exome Sequencing and Its Relationship with Clinical Characteristics.

The incidence of papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) has increased rapidly during the past several decades. Until now, the mechanisms underlying the tumorigenesis of PTCs have remained largely unknown. Next-generation-sequencing (NGS) provides new ways to investigate the molecular pathogenesis of PTCs.

Nanoparticles and their effects on differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.

Over the past decades, advancements in nanoscience and nanotechnology have resulted in numerous nanomedicine platforms. Various nanoparticles, which exhibit many unique properties, play increasingly important roles in the field of biomedicine to realize the potential of nanomedicine. Due to the capacity of self-renewal and multilineage mesenchymal differentiation, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been widely used in the area of regenerative medicine and in clinical applications due to their potential to differentiate into various lineages.

Comparing the regeneration potential between PLLA/Aragonite and PLLA/Vaterite pearl composite scaffolds in rabbit radius segmental bone defects.

Mussel-derived nacre and pearl, which are natural composites composed CaCO platelets and interplatelet organic matrix, have recently gained interest due to their osteogenic potential. The crystal form of CaCO could be either aragonite or vaterite depending on the characteristics of mineralization template within pearls. So far, little attention has been paid on the different osteogenic capacities between aragonite and vaterite pearl.

Comprehensive circular RNA profiling reveals that hsa_circ_0001368 is involved in growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma development.

Growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma (GHPA) represents about 20% of all histological subtypes of pituitary adenoma (PA), which may result in serious complications and shortened lifespan via growth-hormone (GH) hypersecretion. To date, no biomarkers of early diagnosis or therapeutic targets for GHPA treatment have yet been found. Recently, growing evidence has indicated that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are critical for the development and progression of numerous diseases, including cancers; however, their role in the pathogenesis of GHPA has not been reported.

Elevated PCT at ICU discharge predicts poor prognosis in patients with severe traumatic brain injury: a retrospective cohort study.

Purpose: Disease severity and inflammatory response status are closely related to a poor prognosis and must be assessed in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (STBI) before intensive care unit (ICU) discharge. Whether elevated serum procalcitonin (PCT) levels can predict a poor prognosis in STBI patients before ICU discharge is unclear.

Methods: This retrospective observational cohort study enrolled 199 STBI patients who were in the ICU for at least 48 hours and survived after discharge.

Silver nanoparticles stimulate osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells through activation of autophagy.

Previously, different results have been achieved regarding effects of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) on osteogenesis of stem cells and the mechanisms have not been disclosed yet, which are quite important for potential application of Ag NPs in bone reconstruction. Effects of Ag NPs on osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) with underlying mechanisms were investigated. Ag NPs at 2.

Acetylcholinesterase modified AuNPs-MoS-rGO/PI flexible film biosensor: Towards efficient fabrication and application in paraoxon detection.

A flexible acetylcholinesterase (AChE) film biosensor, based on a AuNPs-MoS-reduced graphene oxide/polyimide flexible film (rGO/PI) electrode, has been synthesized for paraoxon detection. In this study, the rGO/PI film acts as the flexible substrate and AuNPs are reduced by monolayer MoS under illumination. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that AuNPs are uniformly dispersed on the MoS-rGO/PI electrode surface with a diameter ~10nm.

3D Printing of Conductive Tissue Engineering Scaffolds Containing Polypyrrole Nanoparticles with Different Morphologies and Concentrations.

Inspired by electrically active tissues, conductive materials have been extensively developed for electrically active tissue engineering scaffolds. In addition to excellent conductivity, nanocomposite conductive materials can also provide nanoscale structure similar to the natural extracellular microenvironment. Recently, the combination of three-dimensional (3D) printing and nanotechnology has opened up a new era of conductive tissue engineering scaffolds exhibiting optimized properties and multifunctionality.

Micro/nanostructured TiO/ZnO coating enhances osteogenic activity of SaOS-2 cells.

Although titanium implants account for a large proportion of the commercial dental market, their bioactivity are inadequate in many applications. A micro- and nano- scale hierarchical surface topography of the implant is suggested for rapid osseointegration from the biomimetic perspective. Moreover, Zinc (Zn) is an essential element in the skeletal system.

Effect of in vitro collagen fibrillogenesis on Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) deposition for cellular behavior regulation.

Collagen fibrillogenesis is of special significance for the maintenance of collagen scaffold's mechanical stability and biological performance. Comprehensive information about the mechanism of collagen fibrillogenesis in vitro, as well as the effect of fibrillogenesis on deposited layers of ordered collagen molecules for cellular behavior regulation is thus crucial. In the current study, the pH, phosphate ion as well as reconstitution time impacting on the in vitro fibrillogenesis was systematically investigated, including the zeta potential and turbidity measurement.

Noninvasive Continuous Monitoring of Adipocyte Differentiation: From Macro to Micro Scales.

3T3-L1 cells serve as model systems for studying adipogenesis and research of adipose tissue-related diseases, e.g. obesity and diabetes.

Silica-gentamicin nanohybrids: combating antibiotic resistance, bacterial biofilms, and in vivo toxicity.

Introduction: Antibiotic resistance is a growing concern in health care. Methicillin-resistant (MRSA), forming biofilms, is a common cause of resistant orthopedic implant infections. Gentamicin is a crucial antibiotic preventing orthopedic infections.

Hydroxyapatite/collagen coating on PLGA electrospun fibers for osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.

The architecture and composition of bone tissue engineering scaffolds play important roles in modulating the growth of bone tissue. Composite fibers composed of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) skeleton coated with hydroxyapatite (HA) or hydroxyapatite/collagen (HA/Col) were successfully produced via electrospinning, biomimetic process, and adsorption. The PLGA skeleton fabricated by electrospinning process with a nanofibrous structure (diameter ranging from 200 to 400 nm) showed a morphologic similarity to the extracellular matrix (ECM).

Incorporation of silica nanoparticles to PLGA electrospun fibers for osteogenic differentiation of human osteoblast-like cells.

The development of bone tissue engineering scaffolds still remains a challenging field, although various biomaterials have been developed for this purpose. Electrospinning is a promising approach to fabricate nanofibers with an interconnected porous structure, which can support cell adhesion, guide cell proliferation and regulate cell differentiation. The aim of this study is to fabricate composite fibers composed of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and silica nanoparticles (NPs) via electrospinning and investigate the effect of PLGA/SiO composite fibers on the cellular response of osteoblast-like cells (SaOS-2 cells).

Reduced inflammatory response by incorporating magnesium into porous TiO coating on titanium substrate.

The implant materials with proper anti-inflammatory and osteogenic properties may be promising for orthopedic applications. The inflammatory response induced by biomaterials has been regarded as one of the critical factors in determining in vivo fate of implants. Therefore, a novel bone biomaterial should have inflammation regulatory effects instead of being completely bio-inert.

In Vitro Uptake of Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles and Their Effect on Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

There have been many applications in biomedical fields based on hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HA NPs) over the past decades. However, the biocompatibility of HANPs is affected by exposure dose, particle size, and the way of contact with cells. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of HA NPs with different sizes on osteogenesis using human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs).

The Cu-containing TiO coatings with modulatory effects on macrophage polarization and bactericidal capacity prepared by micro-arc oxidation on titanium substrates.

The implant materials with both osteogenic and anti-bacterial properties are promising for orthopedic and dental applications. Moreover, the inflammatory response induced by biomaterials has been recently recognized as one of the critical factors in determining implantation fate. A new generation of implant materials should have modulatory effects on the local inflammatory environment such that it favors osteogenesis and osteointegration instead of being bio-inert.

The osteogenic, inflammatory and osteo-immunomodulatory performances of biomedical Ti-Ta metal-metal composite with Ca- and Si-containing bioceramic coatings.

It is known that good mechanical properties, low modulus to reduce stress-shielding effect, favorable osteogenic activity and limited inflammatory response are critical factors for orthopedic implants to induce excellent osteointegration. In this study, Ti-20% Ta metal-metal composite (referred as Ti-Ta) which consisted of Ti- and Ta-rich phases was fabricated via the strategy of powder metallurgy. Micro-arc oxidation (MAO) was employed to modify the surface of Ti-Ta composite.

Effects of titanium surface roughness on the mediation of osteogenesis via modulating the immune response of macrophages.

Osteoblastic lineage cells are commonly used to evaluate the in vitro osteogenic ability of bone biomaterials. However, contradictory results obtained from in vivo and in vitro studies are not uncommon. With the increasing understanding of osteoimmunology, the immune response has been recognized as playing an important role in bone regeneration.