Soluble immune checkpoints associated with disease activity and treatment response in GD and TED.

Context: Soluble immune checkpoints play an important role in peripheral tolerance that has seldom been investigated in Graves' disease (GD) and thyroid eye disease (TED).

Objective: The objective of this work is to examine the alteration of soluble immune checkpoints in GD and TED.

Methods: We performed a quantitative multiplex analysis of 17 immune checkpoint proteins in serum from 50 GD patients without TED, 28 GD patients with TED and 40 healthy controls.

Prognostic Protein Biomarker Screening for Thyroid Carcinoma Based on Cancer Proteomics Profiles.

Thyroid carcinoma (THCA) ranks among the most prevalent cancers globally. Integrating advanced genomic and proteomic analyses to construct a protein-based prognostic model promises to identify effective biomarkers and explore new therapeutic avenues. In this study, proteomic data from The Cancer Proteomics Atlas (TCPA) and clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were utilized.

Effects of Low-dose Methotrexate With Methimazole in Patients With Graves' Disease: Results of a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Context: Supplemental methotrexate (MTX) may affect the clinical course of Graves' disease (GD).

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of add-on MTX on medical treatment in GD.

Design: Prospective, open-label, randomized supplementation controlled trial.

The CD14CD16 monocyte subset is expanded and controls Th1 cell development in Graves' disease.

Three different subsets of circulating human monocytes, CD14CD16 (classical), CD14CD16 (intermediate), and CD14CD16 (non-classical) monocytes, have been recently identified. New evidence suggests that levels of intermediate monocytes or CD16 (intermediate and non-classical) monocytes are increased in autoimmune diseases. However, studies regarding the role of each monocyte subset in the pathogenesis of Graves' disease (GD) are lacking.

lncRNA:mRNA expression profile in CD4+ T cells from patients with Graves' disease.

Graves' disease (GD) is a common autoimmune disease that affects the thyroid gland. As a new class of modulators of gene expression, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to play a vital role in immune functions and in the development of autoimmunity and autoimmune disease. The aim of this study is to identify lncRNAs in CD4+ T cells as potential biomarkers of GD.

Decreased SIRT1 expression in the peripheral blood of patients with Graves' disease.

SIRT1, a class III histone/protein deacetylase (HDAC), has been associated with autoimmune diseases. There is a paucity of data about the role of SIRT1 in Graves' disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of SIRT1 in the pathogenesis of GD.

Raptor determines β-cell identity and plasticity independent of hyperglycemia in mice.

Compromised β-cell identity is emerging as an important contributor to β-cell failure in diabetes; however, the precise mechanism independent of hyperglycemia is under investigation. We have previously reported that mTORC1/Raptor regulates functional maturation in β-cells. In the present study, we find that diabetic β-cell specific Raptor-deficient mice (βRapKO) show reduced β-cell mass, loss of β-cell identity and acquisition of α-cell features; which are not reversible upon glucose normalization.

Serum and thyroid tissue level of let-7b and their correlation with TRAb in Graves' disease.

Background: Abnormal microRNAs (miRNAs) were reported to be involved in the mechanism of Graves' disease (GD). Dysregulated miRNAs may be overlapping in different cells and can be secreted to circulation. We chose miRNAs which were previously reported to be differentially expressed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in patients with GD with different disease stage, detected the expression of those miRNAs in serum, corroborated the findings in thyroid tissue, and validated the target gene in vitro to investigate the possible role of circulating miRNAs in GD.

Diagnostic Values of Free Triiodothyronine and Free Thyroxine and the Ratio of Free Triiodothyronine to Free Thyroxine in Thyrotoxicosis.

Background: The results of previous studies on the usefulness of free triiodothyronine (FT3) to free thyroxine (FT4) are controversial. We investigated the usefulness of FT3, FT4, and FT3/FT4 ratio in differentiating Graves' disease (GD) from destructive thyroiditis.

Methods: A total of 126 patients with untreated GD, 36 with painless thyroiditis, 18 with painful subacute thyroiditis, and 63 healthy controls, were recruited.

BMI Modulates the Effect of Thyroid Hormone on Lipid Profile in Euthyroid Adults.

The impacts of thyroid hormones (TH) on lipid profile in euthyroid adults have gained much attention. It is currently unknown whether BMI influences such interaction. In the present study, we investigate the role of BMI in modulating the association between TH and lipid parameters in 1372 euthyroid healthy adults.

Raptor regulates functional maturation of murine beta cells.

Diabetes is associated with beta cell mass loss and islet dysfunctions. mTORC1 regulates beta cell survival, proliferation and function in physiological and pathological conditions, such as pregnancy and pancreatectomy. Here we show that deletion of Raptor, which is an essential component of mTORC1, in insulin-expressing cells promotes hypoinsulinemia and glucose intolerance.

The mTORC2/PKC pathway sustains compensatory insulin secretion of pancreatic β cells in response to metabolic stress.

Background: Compensation of the pancreatic β cell functional mass in response to metabolic stress is key to the pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes. The mTORC2 pathway governs fuel metabolism and β cell functional mass. It is unknown whether mTORC2 is required for regulating metabolic stress-induced β cell compensation.