Genome resequencing reveals the genetic basis of population evolution, local adaptation, and rewiring of the rhizome metabolome in .

The formation of high-quality Chinese medicinal materials is a micro-evolutionary process of multiple genes involving quantitative inheritance under environmental stress. is a traditionally used medicinal plant in China that is broadly distributed and possesses a considerable amount of essential oils. However, to date, limited research has been conducted to characterize the genetics and metabolites of shaped by natural variation.

[Comparative analysis of plastomes of Rubus chingii and R. chingii var. suavissimus].

Rubus chingii and R. chingii var. suavissimus are unique dual-purpose plant resources, with significant nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and economic value, as well as promising prospects for further development.

Genetic diversities in wild and cultivated populations of the two closely-related medical plants species, Tripterygium Wilfordii and T. Hypoglaucum (Celastraceae).

Background: The sustainable supply of medicinal plants is important, and cultivating and domesticating them has been suggested as an optimal strategy. However, this can lead to a loss of genetic diversity. Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.

A Modified H-NMR Quantification Method of Ephedrine Alkaloids in Ephedrae Herba Samples.

A previous H-NMR method allowed the quantification of ephedrine alkaloids; however, there were some disadvantages. The cyclized derivatives resulted from the impurities of diethyl ether were identified and benzene was selected as the better extraction solvent. The locations of ephedrine alkaloids were confirmed with 2D NMR.

Genetic diversity and population divergence of Leonurus japonicus and its distribution dynamic changes from the last interglacial to the present in China.

Background: Leonurus japonicus, a significant medicinal plant known for its therapeutic effects on gynecological and cardiovascular diseases, has genetic diversity that forms the basis for germplasm preservation and utilization in medicine. Despite its economic value, limited research has focused on its genetic diversity and divergence.

Results: The avg.

 , a new species of Ranunculaceae from Guangxi, China.

, a new species of Ranunculaceae distributed in the valleys of Jiuwanshan National Natural Reserve in Huanjiang county (Guangxi, China), is described and illustrated for the first time based on morphological and plastome sequences data. It differs from , and mainly by having notably longer petiole, scape, bigger leaf blade with lobes obviously remote and robust rhizomes without stolons. Phylogenetic analyses support that is sister to and .

Evolutionary history of genus and its dynamic changes in the potential suitable distribution area.

The genus belongs to the Ranunculaceae family, containing 15 recognized species highly diverse in morphology. It is a conspicuous taxon with special evolutionary position, distribution pattern and medicinal value, which makes it to be of great research and conservation significance. In order to better understand the evolutionary dynamics of and promote more practical conservation measures, we performed plastome sequencing and used the sequencing data in combination with worldwide occurrence data of to estimate genetic diversity and divergence times, rebuild biogeographic history and predict its potential suitable distribution area.

Multiplexed Massively Parallel Sequencing of Plastomes Provides Insights Into the Genetic Diversity, Population Structure, and Phylogeography of Wild and Cultivated .

Root rot has been a major problem for cultivated populations of var. in recent years. var.

[Complete chloroplast genome of Ligustrum lucidum and highly variable marker identification for Ligustrum].

Ligustri Lucidi Fructus, the sun-dried mature fruit of Ligustrum lucidum, is cool, plain, sweet, and bitter, which can be used as both food and medicine, with the effects of improving vision, blacking hair, and tonifying liver and kidney. It takes effect slowly. However, little is known about the genetic information of the medicinal plant and it is still a challenge to distinguish Ligustrum species.

Morphological characterization and sexual dimorphism of the antennal sensilla in Loginova (Hemiptera: Psyllidae)-a scanning and transmission electron microscopic study.

is the major pest of Goji berry plants and causes severe damage. Psyllids mainly use the antennal sensilla to recognize olfactory cues necessary to find host plants and mates. However, the structure and function of the antenna and the antennal sensilla of remains previously unexplored.

Heterogeneous Genetic Diversity Estimation of a Promising Domestication Medicinal Motherwort Based on Chloroplast Genome Resources.

has a long history of use in western herbal medicine and is applied for the treatment of gynaecological conditions, anxiety, and heart diseases. Because of its botanical relationship to the primary Chinese species, , and extensive medical indications that go beyond the traditional indications for the Chinese species, it is a promising medicinal resource. Therefore, the features of genetic diversity and variability in the species have been prioritized.

[Molecular identification and alkaloids content of endangered Chinese medicinal plant Coptis chinensis var. brevisepala].

According to the records of Chinese materia medica,Coptis chinensis var. brevisepala is an authentic Chinese medicinal plant highly recommended by ancient physicians since its rhizome is like a string of beads and has a good medicinal value. However,its medicinal components and values remain to be studied as it is endangered because of overexploitation.

[Research progress on medicinal resources of Coptis and its isoquinoline alkaloids].

Coptidis Rhizoma is a common Chinese medicinal in clinical practice,with the effects of clearing heat,drying dampness,purging fire,and removing toxin. All the medicinal plants of Coptis can be used for clinical treatment,but some species are endangered due to resource destruction and difficulty in planting. The dominant medicinal components in Coptidis Rhizoma are isoquinoline alkaloids.

[Effects and mechanisms of nitrogen application on stress resistance of Chinese materia medica].

Nitrogen fertilizers play an important role in the regulation of plant stress resistance. Impacts of nitrogen fertilizers on abiotic stress resistance and biotic stress resistance of Chinese materia medica(CMM) were summarized in this study. Adequate nitrogen application improves the abiotic stress resistance and weed resistance of CMM, however adverse effect appears when excess nitrogen is used.

Chloroplast phylogenomic insights into the evolution of Distylium (Hamamelidaceae).

Background: Most Distylium species are endangered. Distylium species mostly display homoplasy in their flowers and fruits, and are classified primarily based on leaf morphology. However, leaf size, shape, and serration vary tremendously making it difficult to use those characters to identify most species and a significant challenge to address the taxonomy of Distylium.

Illumina Sequencing Reveals Conserved and Novel MicroRNAs of Protocorm Involved in Synthesizing Dendrobine, a Potential Nanodrug.

Emergency of nanoparticulate drug delivery systems has improved the target, bioavailability, and curative effect of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). However, the application of nano-preparation has been limited owing to the low content of active ingredients in part TCM. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate plant growth, development, and response to environmental stresses at post-transcriptional regulation level by cleavage or translational inhibition.

The complete chloroplast genome sequence of : genome structure and genomic resources.

is used as traditional Chinese medicine. In this study, we report its complete chloroplast genome by Illumina pair-end sequencing. The total chloroplast (cp) genome size was 158,094 bp in length, containing a pair of inverted repeats of 26,132 bp, separated by large single-copy and small single-copy regions of 86,508 bp and 19,322 bp, respectively.

Chloroplast genome variation and phylogenetic relationships of Atractylodes species.

Background: Atractylodes DC is the basic original plant of the widely used herbal medicines "Baizhu" and "Cangzhu" and an endemic genus in East Asia. Species within the genus have minor morphological differences, and the universal DNA barcodes cannot clearly distinguish the systemic relationship or identify the species of the genus. In order to solve these question, we sequenced the chloroplast genomes of all species of Atractylodes using high-throughput sequencing.

The complete chloroplast genome of thunb.(Rosaceae), an ornamental and medicinal plant.

is an ornamental and medicinal plant that is widely cultivated. The complete chloroplast genome of was sequenced using Illumina Hiseq X Ten platform. The chloroplast genome was 158,080 bp in length, containing two short inverted repeat (IRa and IRb) regions of 26,385 bp, which was separated by a large single copy (LSC) region of 86,270 bp and a small single copy (SSC) region of 19,040 bp.

The complete chloroplast genome of the (Rosaceae): characterization and phylogeny.

Wils. is an important wild eco economical species of the family Rosaceae. The complete chloroplast genome reported here is 159,865 bp in length, including two inverted repeats (IRs) of 26,384 bp, which are separated by a large single-copy (LSC) and a small single-copy (SSC) of 87,815 bp and 19,282 bp, respectively.

Phylogenomic and evolutionary dynamics of inverted repeats across Angelica plastomes.

Background: Angelica L. (family Apiaceae) is an economically important genus comprising ca. One hundred ten species.

The complete chloroplast genome of a medicinal plant, Medik. (Malvaceae).

Medik. is an annual weed, widely distributed in Asia and Europe. The complete chloroplast genome reported here is 160,446 bp in length, including two inverted repeats (IRs) of 25,064 bp, which are separated by a large single-copy (LSC) and a small single-copy (SSC) of 89,089 and 21,229 bp, respectively.

Comparative Analysis of Free Amino Acids and Nucleosides in Different Varieties of Mume Fructus Based on Simultaneous Determination and Multivariate Statistical Analyses.

Mume Fructus (MF) contains a variety of organic acids, free amino acids, and nucleoside components, and studies have not yet analyzed the relationship between the components of free amino acids and nucleosides with the varieties of MF. A rapid and sensitive method was established for simultaneous determination of 21 free amino acids and 9 nucleosides in MF by ultrafast liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The analysis was carried out on a Waters XBridge Amide column (100 mm × 2.