Membranous and cartilaginous vocal fold adduction in singing.

While vocal fold adduction is an important parameter in speech, relatively little has been known on the adjustment of the vocal fold adduction in singing. This study investigates the possibility of separate adjustments of cartilaginous and membranous vocal fold adduction in singing. Six female and seven male subjects, singers and non-singers, were asked to imitate an instructor in producing four phonation types: "aBducted falsetto" (FaB), "aDducted falsetto" (FaD), "aBducted Chest" (CaB), and "aDducted Chest" (CaD).

Depth-kymography of vocal fold vibrations: part II. Simulations and direct comparisons with 3D profile measurements.

We report novel direct quantitative comparisons between 3D profiling measurements and simulations of human vocal fold vibrations. Until now, in human vocal folds research, only imaging in a horizontal plane was possible. However, for the investigation of several diseases, depth information is needed, especially when the two folds act differently, e.

New laryngoscope for quantitative high-speed imaging of human vocal folds vibration in the horizontal and vertical direction.

We report the design of a novel laser line-triangulation laryngoscope for the quantitative visualization of the three-dimensional movements of human vocal folds during phonation. This is the first successful in vivo recording of the three-dimensional movements of human vocal folds in absolute values. Triangulation images of the vocal folds are recorded at the rate of 4000 fps with a resolution of 256x256 pixels.

Clinical evaluation of a membrane-based voice-producing element for laryngectomized women.

Background: A newly developed artificial voice source was clinically evaluated in laryngectomized women for voice quality improvements. The prosthesis was placed in a commercially available, tracheoesophageal shunt valve.

Methods: In 17 subjects, voice-producing element (VPE) prototypes were compared with the subject's regular tracheo-esophageal shunt voice in a randomized cross-over trial.

Depth-kymography: high-speed calibrated 3D imaging of human vocal fold vibration dynamics.

We designed and developed a laser line-triangulation endoscope compatible with any standard high-speed camera for a complete three-dimensional profiling of human vocal fold vibration dynamics. With this novel device we are able to measure absolute values of vertical and horizontal vibration amplitudes, length and width of vocal folds as well as the opening and closing velocities from a single in vivo measurement. We have studied, for the first time, the generation and propagation of mucosal waves by locating the position of its maximum vertical position and the propagation velocity.

Real-time kymographic imaging for visualizing human vocal-fold vibratory function.

A stand-alone kymographic system for visualizing human vocal-fold vibration in real time is presented. By using a dual charge-coupled-device construction, the system not only provides kymographic images but also simultaneously presents structural images for navigating the endoscope to a desired position. With a temporal resolution of 7200 lines/s, the kymographic imaging produces a sufficient speed to investigate most types of vocal-fold vibrations.

A new generation videokymography for routine clinical vocal fold examination.

Objective: This study aims to introduce a new-generation videokymographic system, which provides simultaneous laryngoscopic and kymographic image, for routine clinical vocal fold examination.

Study Design: The authors explored a new imaging method for diagnosis and evaluation of voice disorders.

Methods: The new-generation videokymographic system includes two charge-coupled device image sensors, a color area image sensor, and a monochromic high-speed line-scan image sensor.

[Modeling vocal-fold vibration via integrating two-mass model with finite-element method].

Modeling vocal-fold vibration is extremely significant in realizing the vibration properties of human vocal folds and investigating their physiological and pathological characteristics. A combined model presented is two mass-finite element (T-F) model, which integrates all merits of both the finite element method (FEM) model and the asymmetric two-mass model of vocal folds. The high-speed glottis graph (HGG) can also be synthesized by the model.

[Fast outlier detection for milk near-infrared spectroscopy analysis].

Near-infrared spectroscopy is a fast and efficient analytical technique based on multivariate calibration model, which correlates near-infrared spectra with the property of samples (such as concentration). The reliability of analytical results depends mostly on the accuracy of measured spectra. But outliers do not make for reliable data.

An automatic method to quantify the vibration properties of human vocal folds via videokymography.

The study offers an automatical quantitative method to obtain vibration properties of human vocal folds via videokymography. The presented method is based on image processing, which combines an active contour model with a genetic algorithm to improve detecting precision and processing speed, can accurately extract the vibration wave in videokymograms and quantify the vibration properties in terms of eight typical parameters automatically. To verify the precision of the proposed algorithm, an indirect simulation setup of vocal folds has been performed.