Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of an endemic species in China, (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) and phylogenetic analysis within Satyrinae.

The mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) has been extensively used as molecular markers in determining the insect phylogenetic relationships. In order to resolve the relationships among tribes and subtribes of Satyrinae at the mitochondrial genomic level, we obtained the complete mitogenome of (Oberthür, 1890) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) with a size of 15,259 bp. The mitogenome consisted of 37 typical genes, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), and an A + T-rich region.

The complete mitochondrial genome of (Gray, 1846) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) and phylogenetic analysis.

In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of (Gray, 1846) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) was first reported with 15,298 bp in size, containing 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes ( and ), and one control region. The nucleotide composition of the entire mitogenome is highly A + T biased (81.5%).

Complete mitochondrial genome of the Woodland Brown, Scopoli, 1763 (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) and its phylogenetic analysis.

In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of the Woodland Brown, Scopoli, 1763 (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) was determined to be 15,284 bp in size, including 37 typical mitochondrial genes and a control region. The gene content and arrangement of the mitogenome are identical to that of the majority of other sequenced nymphalids. All protein-coding genes (PCGs) are started with the conventional ATN codons, except for gene which is initiated by atypical CGA(R) codon.

The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae).

The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) sequence of (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae) was determined and analyzed. The mitogenome is 15,680 bp in length with consisting of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA () genes, two ribosomal genes ( and ), and one AT-rich region. The gene content, orientation, and order are identical to that of the majority of other lepidopteran insects.

The complete mitochondrial genome of comma, (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Nymphalinae).

The mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Nymphalinae) is determined to be 15,209 bp in length and shows AT bias (80.6%). Similar to other butterflies, it contains 37 typical mitochondrial genes and one AT-rich region (D-loop).

Dated phylogeny and dispersal history of the butterfly subfamily Nymphalinae (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae).

The origin and dispersal history of the large butterfly subfamily Nymphalinae are not fully understood, due to internal phylogenetic and time calibration issues. We conducted phylogenetic and dating analyses using mitochondrial and nuclear genes of biogeographically diverse groups of the Nymphalinae in order to resolve some controversial relationships and the paleobiogeographic pattern of the subfamily. Our results support the sister relationship of Vanessa (Tribe Nymphalini) and the Nymphalis-group, and the grouping of the three old-world genera (Rhinopalpa, Kallimoides and Vanessula) within Tribe Victorinini.

Morphological characters are compatible with mitogenomic data in resolving the phylogeny of nymphalid butterflies (lepidoptera: papilionoidea: nymphalidae).

Nymphalidae is the largest family of butterflies with their phylogenetic relationships not adequately approached to date. The mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of 11 new nymphalid species were reported and a comparative mitogenomic analysis was conducted together with other 22 available nymphalid mitogenomes. A phylogenetic analysis of the 33 species from all 13 currently recognized nymphalid subfamilies was done based on the mitogenomic data set with three Lycaenidae species as the outgroups.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Callerebia suroia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae).

The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Callerebia suroia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) was determined and analyzed in this paper. The circular genome is 15,208 bp long, including 37 typical mitochondrial genes and one non-coding AT-rich region. All protein-coding genes (PCGs) started with ATN, except for COI gene with CGA(R), which is often found in other butterflies; nine PCGs harbor the typical stop codon TAA, whereas COI, COII, ND5 and ND4 end with a single T.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Gonepteryx rhamni (Lepidoptera: Pieridae: Coliadinae).

The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Linnaeus Gonepteryx rhamni (Lepidoptera: Pieridae: Coliadinae) is a circular molecule of 15,023 bp in length, containing 37 typical coding genes and one non-coding AT-rich region. Its gene order and content are identical to the common type found in most insect mitogenomes. All protein coding genes (PCGs) start with a typical ATN initiation codon, except for the cox1, which use CGA as its start codon.

The first mitochondrial genome for the butterfly family Riodinidae (Abisara fylloides) and its systematic implications.

The Riodinidae is one of the lepidopteran butterfly families. This study describes the complete mitochondrial genome of the butterfly species Abisara fylloides, the first mitochondrial genome of the Riodinidae family. The results show that the entire mitochondrial genome of A.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Blue Pansy, Junonia orithya (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Nymphalinae).

The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Junonia orithya Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Nymphalinae) is determined to be 15,214 bp in length, including 37 typical mitochondrial genes and an AT-rich region. Its gene order and orientation are identical to those of other butterfly species. All PCGs are initiated by typical ATN codons, except for cox1 gene which is started by CGA codon.

Complete mitochondrial genome of the Common Evening Brown, Melanitis leda Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae).

The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Melanitis leda (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) is a circular molecule of 15,122 bp in length, containing 37 typical animal mitochondrial genes and 1 control region, known in insects as the AT-rich region. Its gene content and order are identical to all other available butterfly mitogenomes. All protein-coding genes (PCGs) start with a typical ATN initiation codon, except for COI, which is initiated by the CGA codon as observed in other butterfly species.

Complete mitogenome of the Painted Jezebel, Delias hyparete Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) and its comparison with other butterfly species.

In the present study, we report the first complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of the Painted Jezebel, Delias hyparete. The mitogenome of Delias hyparete is 15 186 bp in length, and has typical sets of 37 genes: 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 ribosomal RNAs, 22 transfer RNAs and a non-coding A+T-rich region. All protein-coding genes are initiated by ATN codons, except for COI, which is tentatively designated by the CGA codon, as observed in other butterfly species.

Complete mitogenome of the Lesser Purple Emperor Apatura ilia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Apaturinae) and comparison with other nymphalid butterflies.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Apatura ilia (GenBank accession no. JF437925) was determined as a circular DNA molecule of 15 242 bp, with common genes of 13 putative proteins, 2 rRNAs, and 22 tRNAs and of the same gene arrangement as in other sequenced lepidopterans. All protein-coding genes had the typical start codon ATN, except for the COI's using CGA as its start codon as previously demonstrated in other lepidopteran species.