Indole-3-acetic acid enhances ruminal microbiota for aflatoxin B1 removal fermentation.

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) has been recognized as a serious health risk for ruminant animals. From a molecular perspective, indole-3-acid (IAA) possesses the potential to enhance the removal of AFB1 by rumen microbiota. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the impact of different concentrations of IAA on the removal of AFB1 by rumen microbiota using an technique.

Impaired renal transporter gene expression and uremic toxin excretion as aging hallmarks in cats with naturally occurring chronic kidney disease.

Aging leads to nephron senescence and chronic kidney disease (CKD). In cats, indoxyl sulfate (IxS) has been previously quantified and associated with CKD, and little is known about tubular transporters. Two cohorts of cats aged 6 to 21 years were enrolled.

Metabolic abnormalities and reprogramming in cats with naturally occurring hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Background And Aims: The heart is a metabolic organ rich in mitochondria. The failing heart reprograms to utilize different energy substrates, which increase its oxygen consumption. These adaptive changes contribute to increased oxidative stress.

[Advances in structural design of T cell-dependent bispecific antibodies].

With the development of antibody engineering, a diverse range of structures for T cell-dependent bispecific antibodies targeting CD3 have been devised to meet the needs of various clinical therapies. T cell-dependent bispecific antibodies can be categorized into IgG-like and non-IgG-like formats based on the presence or absence of an Fc domain. The most common difficulty in manufacturing bispecific antibodies is the mispairing between light and heavy chains.

Research progress on hippocampal neurogenesis in autism spectrum disorder.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of severe neurodevelopmental disorders with unclear etiology and significant heterogeneity that is emerging as a global public health concern. Increasing research suggests the involvement of hippocampal neurogenesis defects in the onset and development of ASD, drawing increasing amounts of attention to hippocampal neurogenesis issues in ASD. In this paper, we analyze relevant international studies on hippocampal neurogenesis in ASD, discuss the role of neurobiology in the pathogenesis of ASD, and explore the potential of improving hippocampal neurogenesis as a therapeutic approach for ASD.

Molecular Analysis of Indole and Skatole Decomposition Metabolism in p38 Utilizing Biochemical and Omics Approaches.

Indole and skatole (3-methylindole, CHN) are common nitrogen-containing heterocyclic pollutants found in waste, wastewater treatment plants, and public restrooms and are the most notorious compounds in animal feces. Biodegradation was considered a feasible method for the removal of indole and skatole, but a comprehensive understanding of the metabolic pathways under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions was lacking, and the functional genes responsible for skatole biodegradation remained a mystery. Through metagenomic and gene cluster functional analysis, p38 (NCBI: CP167896), (styrene monooxygenase: ACDW34_08180), and (styrene monooxygenase: ACDW34_08350) were identified as having the potential to degrade indole and skatole.

TFAB002s, novel CD20-targeting T cell-dependent bispecific Fab-FabCH3 antibodies, exhibit potent antitumor efficacy against malignant B-cell lymphoma.

B-cell lymphoma, clinically, comprises a heterogeneous group of malignancies that encompass various subtypes. CD20 is an optimal target for therapeutic antibodies in B-cell lymphoma immunotherapy since approximately 90% of B-cell malignancies typically exhibit CD20 expression on their surface, while its presence is limited in normal tissues. In this study, we have developed a series of novel non-IgG-like T cell-dependent bispecific antibodies by constructing Fab-FabCH3, referred to as Tandem Antigen-binding Fragment 002 (TFAB002), which specifically target CD20 for the treatment of malignant B-cell lymphoma.

A global survey on the use of the international classification of diseases codes for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease.

Background: With the implementation of the 11th edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) and the publication of the metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) nomenclature in 2020, it is important to establish consensus for the coding of MAFLD in ICD-11. This will inform subsequent revisions of ICD-11.

Methods: Using the Qualtrics XM and WJX platforms, questionnaires were sent online to MAFLD-ICD-11 coding collaborators, authors of papers, and relevant association members.

Effects of grape seed procyanidins on the lipid metabolism of growing-finishing pigs based on transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses.

This study investigated how lipid metabolism in the longissimus thoracis is influenced by the diet supplemented with grape seed procyanidins (GSPs) in growing-finishing pigs. Forty-eight crossbred pigs were randomly assigned to four groups, each receiving a basal diet, or basal diet added with 150, 200, and 250 mg/kg GSPs. Transcriptomics and metabolomics were employed to explore differential gene and metabolite regulation.

Uncovering the Relationship Between Genes and Phenotypes Beyond the Gut in Microvillus Inclusion Disease.

Microvillus inclusion disease (MVID) is a rare condition that is present from birth and affects the digestive system. People with MVID experience severe diarrhea that is difficult to control, cannot absorb dietary nutrients, and struggle to grow and thrive. In addition, diverse clinical manifestations, some of which are life-threatening, have been reported in cases of MVID.

Reversible phosphorylation of a lectin-receptor-like kinase controls xylem immunity.

Pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) mediate basal resistance to most phytopathogens. However, plant responses can be cell type specific, and the mechanisms governing xylem immunity remain largely unknown. We show that the lectin-receptor-like kinase LORE contributes to xylem basal resistance in Arabidopsis upon infection with Ralstonia solanacearum, a destructive plant pathogen that colonizes the xylem to cause bacterial wilt.

The effect of prenatal stress on offspring depression susceptibility in relation to the gut microbiome and metabolome.

Prenatal stress (PS) increases offspring susceptibility to depression, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Our previous results showed that PS can affect depression-like behavior in offspring through neurotransmitters and neuroinflammatory substances in the hippocampus and frontal cortex. In recent years there has been increasing evidence for a role of the gut microbiome in depression.

Effects of grape seed procyanidins on antioxidant function, barrier function, microbial community, and metabolites of cecum in geese.

The gut is the first line of defense for body health and is essential to the overall health of geese. Grape seed procyanidins (GSPs) are proverbial for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and microflora-regulating capabilities. This study aimed to inquire into the influences of dietary GSPs on the intestinal antioxidant function, barrier function, microflora, and metabolites of geese based on 16S rRNA sequencing and metabolomics.

Effect of a specially formulated diet on progression of heart enlargement in dogs with subclinical degenerative mitral valve disease.

Background: Previous studies in dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD) have identified altered myocardial energy metabolism and oxidation, which might contribute to cardiac hypertrophy. Diets rich in medium chain fatty acids and antioxidants are a potential means of treatment. A previous clinical study found significantly smaller left atrial diameter (LAD) and left atrium-to-aorta diameter ratio (LA : Ao) in dogs with subclinical DMVD fed a specially formulated diet vs control diet for 6 months.

Tomato LysM receptor kinase 4 mediates chitin-elicited fungal resistance in both leaves and fruit.

Fungal infection is a major cause of crop and fruit losses. Recognition of chitin, a component of fungal cell walls, endows plants with enhanced fungal resistance. Here, we found that mutation of tomato LysM receptor kinase 4 (SlLYK4) and chitin elicitor receptor kinase 1 (SlCERK1) impaired chitin-induced immune responses in tomato leaves.

Investigation of Catalytic Co-Pyrolysis Characteristics and Synergistic Effect of Oily Sludge and Walnut Shell.

The co-pyrolysis of oily sludge and walnut shell is a reliable method for solid waste treatment and waste recycling. In this paper, a thermogravimetric analysis was used to study the thermodynamics and synergy effect of oily sludge (OS) and walnut shell (WS) at four heating rates (10, 20, 30, and 40 °C/min) in the temperature range from 50-850 °C. Two model-free methods (FWO and KAS) were used to calculate the activation energy.

The effectiveness of combination therapy with interferon and nucleoside analogs in pediatric patients with chronic hepatitis B: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: It is a challenging issue regarding the optimal antiviral treatment of children with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). The efficacy comparison of interferon (IFN) or nucleos(t)ide analogs (NAs) monotherapy with their combination could better understand this issue.

Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Wanfang, CNKI, and abstracts of major international hepatology meetings were searched from inception to Feb 8, 2022.

Tomato receptor-like cytosolic kinase RIPK confers broad-spectrum disease resistance without yield penalties.

Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is an important immune response in plant multilayer defense mechanisms; however, direct modification of ROS homeostasis to breed plants with broad-spectrum resistance to disease has not yet been successful. In , the receptor-like cytosolic kinase AtRIPK regulates broad-spectrum ROS signaling in multiple layers of the plant immune system. Upon treatment with immune elicitors, AtRIPK is activated and phosphorylates nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, which leads to ROS production.

Effects of laccase and lactic acid bacteria on the fermentation quality, nutrient composition, enzymatic hydrolysis, and bacterial community of alfalfa silage.

Ensiling has long been as a mainstream technology of preserving forage for ruminant production. This study investigated the effects of bioaugmented ensiling with laccase and on the fermentation quality, nutritive value, enzymatic hydrolysis, and bacterial community of alfalfa. The application of laccase and combination was more potent in modulating the fermentation quality of silage than laccase and alone, as indicated by higher lactic acid contents and lactic acid to acetic acid ratios, and lower pH, dry matter losses, and ammonia nitrogen contents.

Ensiling pretreatment fortified with laccase and microbial inoculants enhances biomass preservation and bioethanol production of alfalfa stems.

This study investigated the potential of ensiling pretreatment fortified with laccase and a lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculant on improving the utilization of alfalfa stems for bioethanol production. The alfalfa stems were ensiled with no additives (Con), 0.04 % laccase (LA), a LAB inoculant containing Pediococcus pentosaceus at 1 × 10 fresh weight (FW) and Pediococcus acidilactici at 3 × 10 cfu/g FW (PP), and a combination of LA and PP (LAP) for 120 days.

A Functional Relationship Between UNC45A and MYO5B Connects Two Rare Diseases With Shared Enteropathy.

Background & Aims: UNC45A is a myosin (co-)chaperone, and mutations in the UNC45A gene were recently identified in osteo-oto-hepato-enteric (O2HE) syndrome patients presenting with congenital diarrhea and intrahepatic cholestasis. Congenital diarrhea and intrahepatic cholestasis are also the prime symptoms in patients with microvillus inclusion disease (MVID) and mutations in MYO5B, encoding the recycling endosome-associated myosin Vb. The aim of this study was to determine whether UNC45A and myosin Vb are functionally linked.

Metabolic Reprogramming, Gut Dysbiosis, and Nutrition Intervention in Canine Heart Disease.

This review provides a state-of-the-art overview on recent advances in systems biology in canine cardiac disease, with a focus on our current understanding of bioenergetics and amino acid metabolism in myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). Cross-species comparison is drawn to highlight the similarities between human and canine heart diseases. The adult mammalian heart exhibits a remarkable metabolic flexibility and shifts its energy substrate preference according to different physiological and pathological conditions.

Phosphoproteomic profiling of the hippocampus of offspring rats exposed to prenatal stress.

Introduction: Prenatal stress (PS) can cause depression in offspring. However, the underlying biological mechanism of these influences is still unclear. This work was implemented to investigate the molecular mechanisms of depressive-like behavior of offspring rats insulted with PS.

Comparison of 16S and whole genome dog microbiomes using machine learning.

Background: Recent advances in sequencing technologies have driven studies identifying the microbiome as a key regulator of overall health and disease in the host. Both 16S amplicon and whole genome shotgun sequencing technologies are currently being used to investigate this relationship, however, the choice of sequencing technology often depends on the nature and experimental design of the study. In principle, the outputs rendered by analysis pipelines are heavily influenced by the data used as input; it is then important to consider that the genomic features produced by different sequencing technologies may emphasize different results.

Outbreak of the South American tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta, in the Chinese mainland: geographic and potential host range expansion.

Background: In 2017 Tuta absoluta was identified as an invasive species in China. Due to its rapid geographic expansion and the severe crop damage it causes, T. absoluta poses a serious threat to China's tomato production industry.