Sulphated Fucooligosaccharide from Sargassum Horneri: Structural Analysis and Anti-Alzheimer Activity.

In the present study, sulfated polysaccharides were obtained by digestion of Sargassum horneri and preparation with enzyme-assisted extraction using three food-grade enzymes, and their anti- Alzheimer's activities were investigated. The results demonstrated that the crude sulfated polysaccharides extracted using AMGSP, CSP and VSP dose-dependently (25-100 µg·mL) raised the spontaneous alternating manner (%) in the Y maze experiment of mice and reduced the escape latency time in Morris maze test. AMGSP, CSP and VSP also exhibited good anti-AChE and moderate anti-BuChE activities.

()--Benzyl-1-phenyl-3,4-dihydroisoqunoline-2(1)-carboxamide Derivatives, Multi-Target Inhibitors of Monoamine Oxidase and Cholinesterase: Design, Synthesis, and Biological Activity.

A series of ()-1-phenyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline-2(1)-carboxamide derivatives was synthesized and evaluated for inhibitory activity against monoamine oxidase (MAO)-A and-B, acetylcholine esterase (AChE), and butyrylcholine esterase (BChE). Four compounds (, , , and ) showed good inhibitory activity against both MAO-A and MAO-B, and two compounds ( and ) showed selective inhibitory activity against MAO-A, with IC values of 1.38 and 2.

Fast Capture and Efficient Removal of Bloom Algae Based on Improved Dielectrophoresis Process.

A dielectrophoresis (DEP) method for direct capture and fast removal of was established in this work. The factors affecting the removal efficiency of were investigated systematically, leading to optimized experimental conditions and improved DEP process equipment. The experimental results showed that our improved DEP method could directly capture in eutrophic water with much enhanced removal efficiency of from high-concentration algal bloom-eutrophication-simulated solution.

Antioxidative and Cytoprotective Effects of Ganoderma applanatum and Fomitopsis pinicola in PC12 Adrenal Phaeochromocytoma Cells.

Considering the impact of oxidative stress on the development of many diseases, together with the role of natural antioxidants in maintaining physiological balance in humans, medicinal mushrooms are potential sources of bioactive compounds against many diseases. In the present work, in vitro evaluation of the biological activities of the alcoholic extracts of two wild tree mushrooms, namely, Ganoderma applanatum and Fomitopsis pinicola, has been performed. Extraction of G.

Novel triterpenoids from Alisma plantago-aquatica with influence on LDL uptake in HepG2 cells by inhibiting PCSK9.

Background: Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) has been regarded as an effective and exciting target in the treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease since 2003. Only two monoclonal antibodies have been approved in the market which, however, were also criticized for their high cost to $9000 per dose and delivery route. Exploration of natural new effective and cheaper small molecule alternatives with effective PCSK9 inhibition is feasible and desired.

Highly Efficient Removal of Nitrate and Phosphate to Control Eutrophication by the Dielectrophoresis-Assisted Adsorption Method.

The removal of excessive amounts of nitrate and phosphate from water sources, especially agricultural wastewater, has been of high significance to control eutrophication in aquatic systems. Here, a new method is reported for the removal of nitrate and phosphate simultaneously from wastewater based on the combination of the solution-phased adsorption (ADS) and dielectrophoresis (DEP) techniques. The plant ash was first selected as the adsorbent by screening tests, followed by a systematic investigation of using the adsorbent to remove nitrate and phosphate from wastewater under various experimental conditions, including the testing of adsorbent dosage, pretreatment time, water flow rate, and electrode voltage.

"Force iteration molecular designing" strategy for the systematic characterization and discovery of new protostane triterpenoids from Alisma Rhizoma by UHPLC/LTQ-Orbitrap-MS.

Comprehensive analysis and identification of chemical components are of great significance for evaluating the efficacy and safety of herbal medicines, as well as for drug exploitation and development. Here we developed a "force iteration molecular designing" strategy, by combing a database-based in-house software for a precursor ion list (PIL) and PIL-triggered collision-induced dissociation-MS and high-energy C-trap dissociation-MS (PIL-CID/MS-HCD/MS) on an LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometer, aiming for the systematic characterization and discovery of new protostane triterpenoids (PTs) from Alisma Rhizoma (AR). AR was a well-known herbal remedy widely used for diarrhea, but its systematic characterization and comparison between two botanical origins have not been reported.

Two new benzophenone glycosides from the aerial parts of .

Plants of the genus contain various types of secondary metabolites that exhibited extensive biological activities. In the ongoing efforts to discover natural neuroinflammatory inhibitors with the potential to develop into therapeutic agents for neurodegenerative diseases, two new benzophenone glycosides, hyperewalones A and B ( and ), along with eight known compounds (), were isolated from the aerial parts of . Their structures were elucidated by comprehensive analysis of IR, HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR spectra, and chemical derivatization.

Lignans from with Inhibitory Effects on Nitric Oxide Production.

Three biogenetically related -sauchinone-type lignans (-), four 8--4'-type neolignans (-), a diaryldimethylbutane lignan (), and a cyclic carbonate (), along with 12 known compounds, have been isolated from a methanol extract of the aerial parts of . The structures of the new compounds (-) were determined by analysis of their 1D and 2D NMR spectra, HRESIMS, and ECD data. A putative biosynthetic pathway for the three -sauchinone-type lignans (-) was postulated.

Novel C-17 spirost protostane-type triterpenoids from with anti-inflammatory activity in Caco-2 cells.

Twenty-one protostane-type triterpenoids with diverse structures, including nine new compounds (-), were isolated from the of Linn. Structurally, alisolides A‒F (-), composed of an oxole group coupled to a five-membered ring, represent unusual C-17 spirost protostane-type triterpenoids. Alisolide H () is a novel triterpenoid with an unreported endoperoxide bridge.

Syntheses of Benzo[]Thiazol-2(3)-One Derivatives and Their Antidepressant and Anticonvulsant Effects.

Thirty-four new benzo[]thiazol derivatives -, -, and - were synthesized and investigated for their potential antidepressant and anticonvulsant effects. In a forced swimming test, and showed the highest antidepressant and anticonvulsant effects. and displayed a higher percentage decrease in immobility duration (89.

A high-efficiency strategy integrating offline two-dimensional separation and data post-processing with dereplication: Characterization of bufadienolides in Venenum Bufonis as a case study.

Comprehensive analysis and identification of chemical components are very important to evaluate the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Meanwhile, the discovery of new natural compounds is of great significance for drug exploitation and development. Although two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D LC) systems expand the peak capacity and improve selectivity and resolution, interpreting the post-processing data is tedious and time-consuming.

Chalcone derivatives bearing chromen or benzo[f]chromen moieties: Design, synthesis, and evaluations of anti-inflammatory, analgesic, selective COX-2 inhibitory activities.

Thirty-eight chalconederivatives bearing a chromen or benzo[f]chromen moiety were synthesized and evaluated for their anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. Using an ear edema model, anti-inflammatory activities were observed for compounds 3a-3s (ear inflammation: 1.75-3.

Four New Depsides Isolated from and Their Significant Nerve-Protective Activities.

By investigating of the roots of , which is one of the most widely used Chinese herbs, we used phytochemical methods successfully to obtain twelve depsides: four depsides (⁻) that were previously undescribed, along with eight known ones (⁻). Their structure characteristics were assessed by HR-ESIMS, CD, NMR (¹H, C, HSQC, HMBC) data analyses. These four newly isolated compounds (⁻), as well as the other eight compounds (⁻), show extraordinary protective effects on hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in HS-SY5Y cells.

Lathyrane-Type Diterpenoids from the Seeds of Euphorbia lathyris L. with Inhibitory Effects on NO Production in RAW 264.7 Cells.

Bioactivity-guided fractionation of the methanolic extract from the seeds of Euphorbia lathyris led to the isolation of 18 lathyrane-type diterpenoids including a new one, Euphorbia factor L (1). Their chemical structures were elucidated by extensive NMR spectroscopic data including 2D-NMR and HR-ESI-MS as well as CD data. All isolates (1 - 18) were found to inhibit the nitric oxide production in LPS-induced RAW 264.

Dimeric- and trimeric sesquiterpenes from the flower of Inula japonica.

An undescribed unusual sesquiterpene trimer and three sesquiterpene dimers were isolated from the flowers of Inula japonica. Their structures were elucidated by extensive analysis of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data as well as HRESIMS data. Inulajaponicolide A has an undescribed carbon skeleton comprising of one xanthanolide and two guaianolide units with the linkage mode of C-11/C-3' and C-11'/C-1'' via a Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction.

Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in HT-29 Cells Induced by Dichloromethane Fraction From (L.) Lam.

The roots of (L.) Lam. (TA) has been often used in Chinese folk medicine to treat different diseases, including but not limited to arthritis, injuries, stomachache, and even tumors.

Melanogenesis inhibitory pregnane glycosides from Cynanchum atratum.

Bioassay-guided fractionation of the methanolic extract from the roots of Cynanchum atratum has resulted in the isolation of three new pregnane glycosides (1-3) along with four known compounds (4-7). Their structures were identified by analysis of the spectroscopic data including extensive 2D NMR. All of the isolates were evaluated for their potential to inhibit the melanin production in α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-activated B16 melanoma cells.

Global profiling combined with predicted metabolites screening for discovery of natural compounds: Characterization of ginsenosides in the leaves of Panax notoginseng as a case study.

Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) guided isolation is a favored strategy to quickly and efficiently explore the chemical diversity of herbal medicines. In this study, two methods were adopted to improve the performance of the strategy, including offline two-dimensional (2D) LC to extend the peak capacities and predicted metabolites screening (PMS) to automatically screen the targets with expanded databases. Ginsenosides in the leaves of Panax notoginseng (PNL) were taken as a case.

New depsides from the roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza and their radical-scavenging capacity and protective effects against HO-induced H9c2 cells.

Phytochemical investigation of the roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza led to isolations of two new depsides (1-2), along with thirteen known compounds (3-15). Their structures and relative stereochemistry were elucidated by NMR spectral (H and C NMR, HSQC, HMBC), CD and HR-ESIMS data analyses. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined by comparison of the experimental and calculated ECD spectra.

Synthesis, potential anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities study of (S)-N-substituted-1-phenyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline-2(1H)-carboxamides.

A series of (S)-N-substitued-1-phenyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline-2(1H)-carboxamide derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects in vivo. Among the synthesized compounds 2a and 2n showed the best anti-inflammatory activity (inhibition rate: 95% and 92.7%, respectively) and analgesic effect (inhibition rate: 100% and 100%, respectively), which was greater than that or nearly equivalent to that of indomethacin.

Dimeric sesquiterpene and thiophenes from the roots of Echinops latifolius.

Phytochemical investigation of the roots of Echinops latifolius led to the isolation of a new carbon skeleton dimeric sesquiterpene (1) and a new thiophene (2), along with six known compounds (3-8). Their structures and relative stereochemistry were elucidated by spectroscopic and spectrometric methods (H and C NMR, COSY, HSQC, HMBC, ROESY, and MS). All isolates were evaluated for their inhibition of LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.

Sesquiterpenes from the roots of Lindera strychnifolia with inhibitory effects on nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 cells.

Seven new sesquiterpenes, linderolides N-T (1-7), along with nine known compounds, were isolated from roots of Lindera strychnifolia (Lauraceae). Their structures were established by extensive spectroscopic analysis. The relative and absolute configurations were determined by NOESY and CD analysis, respectively.

Effect of Korean Red Ginseng extraction conditions on antioxidant activity, extraction yield, and ginsenoside Rg1 and phenolic content: optimization using response surface methodology.

Background: Extraction conditions greatly affect composition, as well as biological activity. Therefore, optimization is essential for maximum efficacy.

Methods: Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) was extracted under different conditions and antioxidant activity, extraction yield, and ginsenoside Rg1 and phenolic content evaluated.