Using a Dual-Disease Target Mapping Network Pharmacology Approach, Verbascoside Ameliorates Osteoporosis by Activating Estrogen Signaling to Alleviate Oxidative Stress.

Background: Verbascoside, a compound classified as a phenylethanol glycoside in Dihuang, has been the subject of modern pharmacological investigations. These studies have revealed its noteworthy antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, memory-enhancing, neuroprotective, antitumor, and various other pharmacological properties. While verbascoside exhibits favorable antioxidant effects, its precise mechanism of action in ameliorating osteoporosis through the treatment of oxidative stress remains unclear.

Advancements in NSCLC: From Pathophysiological Insights to Targeted Treatments.

With the global incidence of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) on the rise, the development of innovative treatment strategies is increasingly vital. This review underscores the pivotal role of precision medicine in transforming NSCLC management, particularly through the integration of genomic and epigenomic insights to enhance treatment outcomes for patients. We focus on the identification of key gene mutations and examine the evolution and impact of targeted therapies.

Clinical characteristics of adolescent-onset gout in Chinese: A hospital-based cross-sectional study.

Objective: Adolescent-onset gout has a greater impact on the lives and health of patients than adult-onset gout. However, there is a relative lack of clinical information on adolescent-onset gout. Hence, we analyzed a Chinese cohort.

Relationship between circulating senescence-associated secretory phenotype levels and severity of type 2 diabetes-associated periodontitis: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) has recently been found to drive comorbid diabetes and periodontitis by inducing a chronic, low-degree inflammatory state. Here, we sought to explore the relationship between circulating SASP and the severity of type 2 diabetes-associated periodontitis (DP).

Methods: Eighty patients (middle-aged periodontitis, M-P group; aged periodontitis, A-P group; M-DP group; and A-DP group; n = 20) provided gingival epithelium, serum, and periodontal clinical parameters.

Molecular diagnosis of adult patients with clinically unexplained hypokalemia without hypertension demonstrated a diagnostic yield of 30.5.

Hypokalemia is a common disorder in clinical settings; however, nonmolecular diagnostic testing cannot explain some causes of hypokalemia. To determine the etiology of clinically unexplained hypokalemia without hypertension (CUHypoNH) and to obtain a diagnostic yield of monogenic hypokalemia without hypertension in adults (MHNHA), we enrolled 82 patients with CUHypoNH for whole-exome sequencing or targeted gene sequencing of genes associated with 4000 monogenic disorders. Through molecular diagnosis, 25 patients were diagnosed with monogenic hypokalemia, and a diagnostic yield of 30.

Evidence From a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Classical Impaired Glucose Tolerance Should Be Divided Into Subgroups of Isolated Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Impaired Glucose Tolerance Combined With Impaired Fasting Glucose, According to the Risk of Progression to Diabetes.

Background: The American Diabetes Association (ADA) 2003 diagnostic criteria divide impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) into isolated impaired glucose tolerance with normal fasting glucose (I-IGT, IGT+NFG) and impaired glucose tolerance combined with impaired fasting glucose (IGT+IFG), while the World Health Organization (WHO) 1999 criteria do not. The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate whether IGT should be divided into I-IGT (IGT+NFG) or IGT+IFG according to their risk of progression to type 2 diabetes.

Methods: The MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched to identify prospective cohort studies published in English prior to April 18, 2020.

Association between MRI-based visceral adipose tissues and metabolic abnormality in a Chinese population: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Previous studies have indicated that the deposition of abdominal adipose tissue was associated with the abnormalities of cardiometabolic components. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship of visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and metabolic status and the different effects between males and females.

Methods: The 1388 eligible subjects were recruited in a baseline survey of metabolic syndrome in China, from two communities in Hangzhou and Chengdu.

Gray Matter and Regional Brain Activity Abnormalities in Subclinical Hypothyroidism.

Background: Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) brain structure and resting state of functional activity have remained unexplored.

Purpose: To investigate gray matter volume (GMV) and regional brain activity with the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) in subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) patients before and after treatment.

Material And Methods: We enrolled 54 SCH and 41 age-, sex-, and education-matched controls.

Tissue-resident macrophage inflammaging aggravates homeostasis dysregulation in age-related diseases.

Organs and tissues contain a large number of tissue-resident macrophages (MΦ-Ts), which are essential for regulating homeostasis and ensuring a rapid response to injury. However, the environmental signals shaping MΦ-Ts phenotypes and the contribution of MΦ-Ts to pathological processes are just starting to be identified. MΦ-Ts isolated from aged animals or patients show alterations in morphology and distribution, defects in phagocytosis and autophagy, and loss of tissue-repair capacity.

Activated PPARβ/δ Protects Pancreatic β Cells in Type 2 Diabetic Goto-Kakizaki Rats from Lipoapoptosis via GPR40.

GW501516-activated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) β/δ and G-protein-coupled receptor (GPR) 40 were shown to protect pancreatic β cells against lipoapoptosis. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether activated PPARβ/δ could protect type 2 diabetic rats from lipoapoptosis through regulation of GPR40 and to compare the protective effects of activated PPARβ/δ and PPARγ. We made an animal model of type 2 diabetic lipoapoptosis by feeding spontaneously type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats with a high-fat diet (HFD) to evaluate the effects of PPARβ/δ on islet β cell apoptosis.

Efficacy and safety of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes and moderate renal function impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aims: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and moderate renal function impairment.

Methods: Embase, Medline, and Cochrane Central were searched, and randomized controlled trials comparing SGLT2 inhibitors to placebos and other drugs for T2D were collected.

Results: Seven RCTs with a total of 3307 participants were included, and the overall bias was low.

Preoperative selective vs non-selective α-blockade in PPGL patients undergoing adrenalectomy.

Purpose: Preoperative preparation for adrenalectomy for pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGL) is universally recognized as necessary, while the optimal strategy remains controversial. Our aims were to increase intraoperative hemodynamic stability, expedite postoperative recovery, decrease side effects and reduce costs for patients with PPGL undergoing adrenalectomy.

Methods: We identified 526 patients undergoing open adrenalectomy for PPGL in the West China Hospital of Sichuan University between May, 2007 and December, 2016.

The association of hypernatremia and hypertonic saline irrigation in hepatic hydatid cysts: A case report and retrospective study.

Rationale: Hypernatremia is a rare but fatal complication of hypertonic saline (HS) irrigation in hepatic hydatid disease. It needs careful monitoring and treatment.

Patient Concerns: A 28-year-old woman with hepatic hydatid cysts who received operation treatment developed electrolyte disturbances.

Efficacy and safety of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background And Objective: New drugs are urgently needed for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) in NAFLD/NASH.

Methods: We searched the MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library Central to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies that compared GLP-1RAs with a control treatment or baseline values with respect to efficacy and safety in patients with NAFLD/NASH.

Protective Role of PPARdelta in Lipoapoptosis of Pancreatic β Cells.

Lipoapoptosis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARdelta), a vital regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism, may reduce fatty acid-induced pancreatic β cell lipotoxicity in diabetes. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying this process are not fully understood.

Effects on All-cause Mortality and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes by Comparing Insulin With Oral Hypoglycemic Agent Therapy: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Purpose: Retrospective, case-control studies and prospective randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on insulin treatment for diabetic patients yielded contradictory mortality and cardiovascular outcomes. We aimed to evaluate the effects of insulin versus oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) on all-cause mortality and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: We searched Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Chinese Biological Medicine Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Technical Periodicals, and Wanfang Data, up to July 10, 2015, for RCTs on insulin and OHAs that assessed all-cause mortality and/or cardiovascular death as primary end points.

Acarbose Monotherapy and Type 2 Diabetes Prevention in Eastern and Western Prediabetes: An Ethnicity-specific Meta-analysis.

Purpose: Acarbose is effective in delaying or preventing the progression of prediabetes to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this study was to assess differences in the preventive effects of acarbose in Eastern and Western populations with prediabetes.

Methods: We performed a systematic search of databases and reference lists of clinical trials conducted through August 2013.

The association between thyroid autoantibodies in serum and abnormal function and structure of the thyroid.

Objectives: To evaluate the association between thyroid autoantibodies and abnormalities in thyroid function and structure, and to investigate any risk factors.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was undertaken in Chengdu residents ≥ 18 years with no previous thyroid disease. The study participants provided demographic and clinical data.

Modified high-sucrose diet-induced abdominally obese and normal-weight rats developed high plasma free fatty acid and insulin resistance.

Introduction: Metabolically obese but normal-weight (MONW) individuals have metabolic features of overt obesity, and abdominal adiposity is common in them. Animal models of MONW individuals are lacking. We aimed to develop an abdominally obese and normal-weight (AONW) rat model.

PPARδ Activation Rescues Pancreatic β-Cell Line INS-1E from Palmitate-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress through Enhanced Fatty Acid Oxidation.

One of the key factors responsible for the development of type 2 diabetes is the loss of functional pancreatic β cells. This occurs due to a chronic exposure to a high fatty acid environment. ER stress is caused by an accumulation of irreversible misfold or unfold protein: these trigger the death of functional pancreatic β cells.