Probiotics for preventing postoperative infection in colorectal cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: Postoperative infection has seriously affected the prognosis of cancer patients, while probiotics have been increasingly used to prevent postoperative infection in clinical practice. This study aimed to evaluate the preventive effect of probiotics on infection after colorectal cancer (CRC) surgery.

Methods: Related clinical trial reports were collected from Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library as well as China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases.

Biomimetic inorganic camouflage circumvents antibody-dependent enhancement of infection.

Pre-existing antibodies can aggravate disease during subsequent infection or vaccination the mechanism of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of infection. Herein, using dengue virus (DENV) as a model, we present a versatile surface-camouflage strategy to obtain a virus core-calcium phosphate shell hybrid by self-templated biomineralization. The shelled DENV stealthily avoids recognition by pre-existing antibodies under extracellular conditions, resulting in the efficient abrogation of the ADE of infection both and .

Establishment and evaluation of a theater influenza monitoring platform.

Background: Influenza is an acute respiratory infectious disease with a high incidence rate in the Chinese army, which directly disturbs military training and affects soldiers' health. Influenza surveillance systems are widely used around the world and play an important role in influenza epidemic prevention and control.

Methods: As a theater centers for disease prevention and control, we established an influenza monitoring platform (IMP) in 2014 to strengthen the monitoring of influenza-like illness and influenza virus infection.

Near-atomic structure of Japanese encephalitis virus reveals critical determinants of virulence and stability.

Although several different flaviviruses may cause encephalitis, Japanese encephalitis virus is the most significant, being responsible for thousands of deaths each year in Asia. The structural and molecular basis of this encephalitis is not fully understood. Here, we report the cryo-electron microscopy structure of mature Japanese encephalitis virus at near-atomic resolution, which reveals an unusual "hole" on the surface, surrounded by five encephalitic-specific motifs implicated in receptor binding.

Robust vaccine formulation produced by assembling a hybrid coating of polyethyleneimine-silica.

Exploring formulations that can improve the thermostability and immunogenicity of vaccines holds great promise in advancing the efficacy of vaccination to combat infectious diseases. Inspired by biomineralized core-shell structures in nature, we suggest a polyethyleneimine (PEI)-silica-PEI hybrid coated vaccine formulation to improve both thermostability and immunogenicity. Through electrostatic adsorption, silicification and capping treatment, a hybrid coating of silica and PEI was assembled around a vaccine to produce vaccine@PEI-silica structures.

Intracellular delivery of biomineralized monoclonal antibodies to combat viral infection.

Conventional therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are invalid for intracellular viruses but by using in situ biomineralization treatment, they can be successfully delivered into cells to inhibit intracellular viral replication. This achievement significantly expands the applications of mAbs and provides a new intracellular strategy to control viral infections.

Vaccine Engineering with Dual-Functional Mineral Shell: A Promising Strategy to Overcome Preexisting Immunity.

Dual-functional biomineral-vaccine core-shell nanohybrids are obtained using recombinant adenovirus serotype 5 (rAd5) as templates, which efficiently masks the neutralizing epitope of vaccines and preserve their original immunogenicity. The versatile vaccine hybrid can evade the preexisting anti-Ad5 immunity, leading to boosted multifunctional antigen-specific cytokine-secreting T cell responses and presenting promising applications of vaccine-material hybrid for the rational design of vaccines.

Genotype-specific neutralization determinants in envelope protein: implications for the improvement of Japanese encephalitis vaccine.

Japanese encephalitis remains the leading cause of viral encephalitis in children in Asia and is expanding its geographical range to larger areas in Asia and Australasia. Five genotypes of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) co-circulate in the geographically affected areas. In particular, the emergence of genotype I (GI) JEV has displaced genotype III (GIII) as the dominant circulating genotype in many Asian regions.

Hydrated silica exterior produced by biomimetic silicification confers viral vaccine heat-resistance.

Heat-lability is a key roadblock that strangles the widespread applications of many biological products. In nature, archaeal and extremophilic organisms utilize amorphous silica as a protective biomineral and exhibit considerable thermal tolerance. Here we present a bioinspired approach to generate thermostable virus by introducing an artificial hydrated silica exterior on individual virion.

Virus capture and destruction by label-free graphene oxide for detection and disinfection applications.

Graphene oxide (GO) can efficiently capture viruses, destroy their surface proteins, and extract viral RNA in an aqueous environment by using the superficial bioreduction of GO. It follows from these phenomena that GO is an excellent nanomaterial for the high-throughput detection and disinfection of viruses, demonstrating its great potential for the prevention of environmental infections.

In vitro characterization of human adenovirus type 55 in comparison with its parental adenoviruses, types 11 and 14.

Human adenovirus type 55 (HAdV-B55) represents a re-emerging human pathogen, and this adenovirus has been reported to cause outbreaks of acute respiratory diseases among military trainees and in school populations around the world. HAdV-B55 has been revealed to have evolved from homologous recombination between human adenovirus type 14 (HAdV-B14) and type 11 (HAdV-B11), but it presents different clinical manifestations from parental virus HAdV-B11. In the present paper, we report the distinct biological features of HAdV-B55 in comparison with the parental viruses HAdV-B11 and HAdV-B14 in cell cultures.

Parallel mRNA and microRNA profiling of HEV71-infected human neuroblastoma cells reveal the up-regulation of miR-1246 in association with DLG3 repression.

Human enterovirus 71 (HEV71) has emerged as the leading cause of viral encephalitis in children in most Asian countries. The roles of host miRNAs in the neurological pathogenesis of HEV71 infection remain unknown. In the present study, comprehensive miRNA expression profiling in HEV71-infected human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells was performed using the Affymetrix Gene Chip microarray assay and was validated using real-time RT-PCR.