Multidimensional Proteomic Landscape Reveals Distinct Activated Pathways Between Human Brain Tumors.

Brain metastases (BrMs) and gliomas are two typical human brain tumors with high incidence of mortalities and distinct clinical challenges, yet the understanding of these two types of tumors remains incomplete. Here, a multidimensional proteomic landscape of BrMs and gliomas to infer tumor-specific molecular pathophysiology at both tissue and plasma levels is presented. Tissue sample analysis reveals both shared and distinct characteristics of brain tumors, highlighting significant disparities between BrMs and gliomas with differentially activated upstream pathways of the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway that have been scarcely discussed previously.

Ceramide synthase 6 induces mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in hemin-treated neurons by impairing mitophagy through interacting with sequestosome 1.

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a severe subtype of stroke linked to high morbidity and mortality rates. However, the underlying mechanisms of neuronal injury post-ICH remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated sphingolipid metabolism alterations in neurons using lipidomics and explored the regulatory mechanisms involved.

Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signaling Agonist SB4 (BMPSB4) Inhibits Corticotroph Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors by Activation of Autophagy via a BMP4/SMADs-Dependent Pathway.

Corticotroph pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs), associated with Cushing's disease (CD), have limited treatment options other than surgical resection. Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), a potential therapeutic target, is decreased in patients with CD. Previous studies have identified BMPSB4 as a potent agonist of the BMP4 signaling pathway.

Pituitary abscess: a descriptive analysis of a series of 19 patients-a multi-center experience.

Objectives: Pituitary abscess (PA) accounts for only 0.3-0.5% of sellar masses, and the lack of specific clinical symptoms makes diagnosing PA difficult without a surgical biopsy.

Analysis of brain structural covariance network in Cushing disease.

Background: Cushing disease (CD) is a rare clinical neuroendocrine disease. CD is characterized by abnormal hypercortisolism induced by a pituitary adenoma with the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone. Individuals with CD usually exhibit atrophy of gray matter volume.

Identifying gray matter alterations in Cushing's disease using machine learning: An interpretable approach.

Background: Cushing's Disease (CD) is a rare clinical syndrome characterized by excessive secretion of adrenocorticotrophic hormone, leading to significant functional and structural brain alterations as observed in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). While traditional statistical analysis has been widely employed to investigate these MRI changes in CD, it has lacked the ability to predict individual-level outcomes.

Purpose: To address this problem, this paper has proposed an interpretable machine learning (ML) framework, including model-level assessment, feature-level assessment, and biology-level assessment to ensure a comprehensive analysis based on structural MRI of CD.

Exosomes from porcine serum as endogenous additive maintain function of boar sperm during liquid preservation at 17 °C in vitro.

The supplementation of sperm culture media with serum is quite common, and improves both sperm survival and motility. However, the link between serum and sperm remains poorly understood. The present study is the first investigation of the effects on sperm quality and function of endogenous porcine serum exosomes in medium used for culturing boar sperm.

O-arm guided minimally invasive resection of intrathoracic epidural schwannoma: how I do it.

Background: Schwannomas are the most common intrathoracic neurogenic tumors. In the past, they were often treated by traditional open surgery. Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) has also been used for some large tumors.

A deep unrolled neural network for real-time MRI-guided brain intervention.

Accurate navigation and targeting are critical for neurological interventions including biopsy and deep brain stimulation. Real-time image guidance further improves surgical planning and MRI is ideally suited for both pre- and intra-operative imaging. However, balancing spatial and temporal resolution is a major challenge for real-time interventional MRI (i-MRI).

Nasal and Sellar Anatomic Variations in Pituitary-Dependent Cushing Disease.

Objective: Adrenocorticotrophic hormone excessive secretion in pituitary-dependent Cushing disease (CD) patients may lead to anatomic variations of the nasal-sphenoidal corridor as a result of hormone-induced abnormal soft tissue change. However, there is still a lack of data on anatomic dimensions in CD patients. In this study, magnetic resonance images were analyzed to determine the anatomic variations of the nasal cavity and sphenoid sinus in CD patients.

MR Elastography With Optimization-Based Phase Unwrapping and Traveling Wave Expansion-Based Neural Network (TWENN).

Magnetic Resonance Elastography (MRE) can characterize biomechanical properties of soft tissue for disease diagnosis and treatment planning. However, complicated wavefields acquired from MRE coupled with noise pose challenges for accurate displacement extraction and modulus estimation. Using optimization-based displacement extraction and Traveling Wave Expansion-based Neural Network (TWENN) modulus estimation, we propose a new pipeline for processing MRE images.

Irreversible Alterations of Susceptibility in Cushing's Disease: A Longitudinal QSM Study.

Objectives: Chronic exposure to hypercortisolism is associated with accelerated aging and neurodegenerative diseases, while Cushing's disease (CD) is the most common form of endogenous hypercortisolism exposure. This study aimed to assess longitudinal susceptibility changes in CD using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) before and after resolution of hypercortisolism.

Methods: In this study, 24 CD patients and 24 healthy controls underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with QSM.

Reoperation for Recurrent and Persistent Cushing's Disease without Visible MRI Findings.

Purpose: Transsphenoidal surgery is the first-line treatment for Cushing's disease (CD), even with negative preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results. Some patients with persistent or recurring hypercortisolism have negative MRI findings after the initial surgery. We aimed to analyze the efficacy of repeat surgery in two groups of patients and determine if there is an association between positive MRI findings and early remission.

Testicular miRNAs and tsRNAs provide insight into gene regulation during overwintering and reproduction of Onychostoma macrolepis.

The late overwintering period and breeding period are two important developmental stages of testis in Onychostoma macrolepis. Small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) are well-known regulators of biological processes associated with numerous biological processes. This study aimed to elucidate the roles of four sncRNA classes (microRNAs [miRNAs], Piwi-interacting RNAs [piRNAs], tRNA-derived small RNAs [tsRNAs], and rRNA-derived small RNAs [rsRNAs]) across testes in the late overwintering period (in March) and breeding period (in June) by high-throughput sequencing.

Region-specific disturbed iron redistribution in Cushing's disease measured by magnetic resonance imaging-based quantitative susceptibility mapping.

Objectives: Cushing's disease (CD) is most common endogenous Cushing's syndrome. This study aimed to assess iron alternations in deep grey matter in CD.

Design: A cross-sectional study was performed.

A comprehensive overview of ovarian small non-coding RNAs in the late overwintering and breeding periods of Onychostoma macrolepis.

The development of the ovary of Onychostoma macrolepis undergoes distinct annual cyclic changes in which small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) could play vital roles. In this study, four sncRNA classes in the ovary, including miRNA, piRNAs, tsRNA, and rsRNAs, were systematically profiled by high-throughput sequencing. In adult ovaries of O.

Surgical Clipping of Previously Coiled Recurrent Intracranial Aneurysms: A Single-Center Experience.

This study reviews our experiences in surgical clipping of previously coiled aneurysms, emphasizing on recurrence mechanism of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) and surgical techniques for different types of recurrent IAs. We performed a retrospective study on 12 patients who underwent surgical clipping of aneurysms following endovascular treatment between January 2010 and October 2020. The indications for surgery, surgical techniques, and clinical outcomes were analyzed.

Trends in regional morphological changes in the brain after the resolution of hypercortisolism in Cushing's disease: a complex phenomenon, not mere partial reversibility.

The adverse effects of hypercortisolism on the human brain have been highlighted in previous studies of Cushing's disease (CD). However, the relative alterations in regional hypercortisolism in the brain remain unclear. Thus, we investigated regional volumetric alterations in CD patients.

Vagus nerve stimulation suppresses corticotropin-releasing factor-induced adrenocorticotropic hormone release in rats.

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-dependent Cushing's syndrome is characterized by hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction. As the neuroendocrinological axis has been shown to react under the regulation of the central nerve system through the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) releasing from the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. Whether one of the neuromodulation therapies, vagus nerve stimulation, is able to treat this neuroendocrinological disorder remains unknown.

Protocatechuic Acid Suppresses Microglia Activation and Facilitates M1 to M2 Phenotype Switching in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Mice.

Objectives: Microglia activation, a key process in secondary injury following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), is divided to M1 and M2 phenotype. Protocatechuic acid (PCA) is a phenolic acid been proved neuroprotection in ICH without understanding of details. Thus, this study aimed to observe the influence of PCA on microglia activation and explore underlying mechanisms.

NEK2 regulates cellular proliferation and cabergoline sensitivity in pituitary adenomas.

To identify critical roles played by NEK2 in prolactinomas and to clarify the corresponding underlying mechanisms. We performed RNA-seq on MMQ cell lines treated with the dopamine receptor agonist cabergoline (CAB) to identify genes involved in prolactinoma progression and dopamine receptor-agonist (DA) sensitivity. NEK2 was then selected for further study.

Imaging cerebral microbleeds in Cushing's disease evaluated by quantitative susceptibility mapping: an observational cross-sectional study.

Design: Cushing's disease (CD) is a rare clinical syndrome characterized by chronic exposure to hypercortisolism due to an adrenocorticotropic hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma. The adverse effects of chronic exposure to hypercortisolism on the human brain remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) in CD patients and their associations with clinical characteristics.

Revisiting the L-Dopa Response as a Predictor of Motor Outcomes After Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease.

To investigate the correlation between preoperative response to the L-dopa challenge test and efficacy of deep brain stimulation (DBS) on motor function in Parkinson's disease (PD). We retrospectively reviewed the data of 38 patients with idiopathic PD who underwent DBS surgery with a median follow-up duration of 7 months. Twenty underwent bilateral globus pallidus interna (GPi) DBS, and 18 underwent bilateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) DBS.