Direct Synthesis of 2-Functionalized 3-Nitroindoles from Diazo(nitro)acetanilides.

2-Hydroxyl/acetoxy-3-nitroindoles are directly and efficiently prepared in good to excellent yields from diazo(nitro)acetanilides under the catalysis of Cu(MeCN)PF in DCM through an intramolecular aromatic C-H insertion or followed by acetylation. 2-Hydroxyl-3-nitroindoles can be further transformed to 3-halo-3-nitroindolin-2-ones and 3-alkanamidoindolin-2-ones readily. All of them are important synthetic building blocks for construction of indole derivatives.

Relationship between stratigraphic overlap and sedimentary facies evolution of the Junggar Basin, Northwest China.

The interaction between the topography of the slope zone on the edge of the basin and the distribution of sediments is crucial for accurately predicting sediment distribution, but few studies emphasize the impact of stratigraphic overlap on the spatial evolution of sedimentary facies. The tectonic movement and sedimentary environment of Hala'alat Mountain in the northwest margin of the Junggar Basin are complex, and the sedimentary model of the whole Cretaceous system is still unclear. This article uses lithology, logging, and seismic data to explain the evolution process and sedimentary model of the Cretaceous system.

Deep learning algorithm-enabled sediment characterization techniques to determination of water saturation for tight gas carbonate reservoirs in Bohai Bay Basin, China.

Understanding water saturation levels in tight gas carbonate reservoirs is vital for optimizing hydrocarbon production and mitigating challenges such as reduced permeability due to water saturation (Sw) and pore throat blockages, given its critical role in managing capillary pressure in water drive mechanisms reservoirs. Traditional sediment characterization methods such as core analysis, are often costly, invasive, and lack comprehensive spatial information. In recent years, several classical machine learning models have been developed to address these shortcomings.

Seismic sedimentology response characteristics of nearshore terminal fan in the suning area of Raoyang Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, NE China.

A nearshore terminal fan is a special water system formed in arid environments. The characterisation of its thin-channel sand bodies has long been a challenge restricting oil and gas exploration. This study takes the Suning area of the Raoyang Sag as an example and uses the principles of seismic sedimentology to conduct seismic sedimentary research on the nearshore terminal fan of the first member of the Palaeogene Shahejie Formation (Es1) based on three-dimensional seismic, logging, and core analysis.

Risk aggregation considering probabilistic and consequential interactions: A general formulation with computational cost handling.

Complicated interaction between risk events is the critical obstacle preventing accurate risk aggregation, which is an important issue in risk management. Recent research integrates interaction into risk aggregation with different perspectives and lacks a comprehensive discussion of this issue, making the risk aggregation process not universal for diverse cases, especially in subjective risk assessment contexts. Therefore, this article proposes a theoretically convincing risk aggregation method embedding different types of interaction to support decision analysis more effectively.

Treating SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection by molnupiravir for pandemic mitigation and living with the virus: a mathematical modeling study.

Treating severe COVID-19 patients and controlling the spread of SARS-CoV-2 are concurrently important in mitigating the pandemic. Classically, antiviral drugs are primarily developed for treating hospitalized COVID-19 patients with severe diseases to reduce morbidity and/or mortality, which have limited effects on limiting pandemic spread. In this study, we simulated the expanded applications of oral antiviral drugs such as molnupiravir to mitigate the pandemic by treating nonhospitalized COVID-19 cases.

Prognostic value of a microRNA-pair signature in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients.

Purpose: Predicting the prognosis in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) patients will improve clinical decision-making. Here, we aimed to identify a qualitative signature based on the within-sample relative expression orderings (REOs) of microRNA (miRNA) pairs to predict the overall survival (OS) of LSCC patients.

Methods: First, we constructed non-repeating miRNA pairs based on differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) between LSCC and normal tissues.

Identification of a Qualitative Signature for the Diagnosis of Dementia With Lewy Bodies.

Diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is highly challenging, primarily due to a lack of valid and reliable diagnostic tools. To date, there is no report of qualitative signature for the diagnosis of DLB. We aimed to develop a blood-based qualitative signature for differentiating DLB patients from healthy controls.

A multi-regional, hierarchical-tier mathematical model of the spread and control of COVID-19 epidemics from epicentre to adjacent regions.

Epicentres are the focus of COVID-19 research, whereas emerging regions with mainly imported cases due to population movement are often neglected. Classical compartmental models are useful, however, likely oversimplify the complexity when studying epidemics. This study aimed to develop a multi-regional, hierarchical-tier mathematical model for better understanding the complexity and heterogeneity of COVID-19 spread and control.

Recent advances in peptide nucleic acid for cancer bionanotechnology.

Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) is an oligomer, in which the phosphate backbone has been replaced by a pseudopeptide backbone that is meant to mimic DNA. Peptide nucleic acids are of the utmost importance in the biomedical field because of their ability to hybridize with neutral nucleic acids and their special chemical and biological properties. In recent years, PNAs have emerged in nanobiotechnology for cancer diagnosis and therapy due to their high affinity and sequence selectivity toward corresponding DNA and RNA.

Collaborative Emission Reduction Model Based on Multi-Objective Optimization for Greenhouse Gases and Air Pollutants.

CO2 emission influences not only global climate change but also international economic and political situations. Thus, reducing the emission of CO2, a major greenhouse gas, has become a major issue in China and around the world as regards preserving the environmental ecology. Energy consumption from coal, oil, and natural gas is primarily responsible for the production of greenhouse gases and air pollutants such as SO2 and NOX, which are the main air pollutants in China.

Upregulated KLK10 inhibits esophageal cancer proliferation and enhances cisplatin sensitivity in vitro.

The kallikrein-related peptidase 10 (KLK10) gene has tumor-suppressive function in various types of human cancer. However, previous studies showed that KLK10 also acts as an oncogene and is upregulated in gastrointestinal tumors. The role of KLK10 in human esophageal cancer (EC) remains unclear.

A robust ordering strategy for retailers facing a free shipping option.

Free shipping with conditions has become one of the most effective marketing tools available. An increasing number of companies, especially e-businesses, prefer to offer free shipping with some predetermined condition, such as a minimum purchase amount by the customer. However, in practice, the demands of buyers are uncertain; they are often affected by many factors, such as the weather and season.

Metformin enhances radiation response of ECa109 cells through activation of ATM and AMPK.

Metformin is a first-line used agent for type II diabetes with few side effects. The antineoplastic effect of metformin was widely explored recently. Metformin may also be a prospective chemosensitizer or radiosensitizer in cancer treatment.

Characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in agricultural soils at a typical coke production base in Shanxi, China.

There is wide concern about polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) because of their carcinogenic and mutagenic potential. The coking industry is an important source of PAHs. In this study, 36 arable soil samples, a sensitive medium from the perspective of food safety and health, were collected from one of the largest coke production bases in China.

Local fuzzy fractal dimension and its application in medical image processing.

The local fuzzy fractal dimension (LFFD) is proposed to extract local fractal feature of medical images. The definition of LFFD is an extension of the pixel-covering method by incorporating the fuzzy set. Multi-feature edge detection is implemented with the LFFD and the Sobel operator.