Spectrally selective and interleaved water imaging and fat imaging (siWIFI).

Purpose: To develop a novel imaging sequence that independently acquires water and fat images while being inherently insensitive to motion.

Methods: The new sequence, termed spectrally selective and interleaved water imaging and fat imaging (siWIFI), uses a narrow bandwidth RF pulse for selective excitation of water and fat separately. The interleaved acquisition method ensures that the obtained water and fat images are inherently coregistered.

Longitudinal Imaging of Injured Spinal Cord Myelin and White Matter with 3D Ultrashort Echo Time Magnetization Transfer (UTE-MT) and Diffusion MRI.

Quantitative MRI techniques could be helpful to noninvasively and longitudinally monitor dynamic changes in spinal cord white matter following injury, but imaging and postprocessing techniques in small animals remain lacking. Unilateral C5 hemisection lesions were created in a rat model, and ultrashort echo time magnetization transfer (UTE-MT) and diffusion-weighted sequences were used for imaging following injury. Magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) measurements and preferential diffusion along the longitudinal axis of the spinal cord were calculated as fractional anisotropy or an apparent diffusion coefficient ratio over transverse directions.

Towards assessing and improving the reliability of ultrashort echo time quantitative magnetization transfer (UTE-qMT) MRI of cortical bone: In silico and ex vivo study.

Objective: To assess and improve the reliability of the ultrashort echo time quantitative magnetization transfer (UTE-qMT) modeling of the cortical bone.

Materials And Methods: Simulation-based digital phantoms were created that mimic the UTE-qMT properties of cortical bones. A wide range of SNR from 25 to 200 was simulated by adding different levels of noise to the synthesized MT-weighted images to assess the effect of SNR on UTE-qMT fitting results.

Whole knee joint mapping using a phase modulated UTE adiabatic T (PM-UTE-AdiabT ) sequence.

Purpose: To develop a 3D phase modulated UTE adiabatic T (PM-UTE-AdiabT ) sequence for whole knee joint mapping on a clinical 3 T scanner.

Methods: This new sequence includes six major features: (1) a magnetization reset module, (2) a train of adiabatic full passage pulses for spin locking, (3) a phase modulation scheme (i.e.

Correction: Lombardi et al. AcidoCEST-UTE MRI Reveals an Acidic Microenvironment in Knee Osteoarthritis. 2022, , 4466.

In the original publication, there was a mistake in Figure 1 as published [...

Transcriptomics Reveals the Killing Mechanism by Which Entomopathogenic Fungi Manipulate the RNA Expression Profiles of Termites and Provides Inspiration for Green Pest Management.

As chemical pesticides have caused serious environmental pollution, fungus-based biological control has become a developing alternative to chemical control. Here, we aimed to determine the molecular mechanism underlying how facilitated invasive infection. We found that the fungus increased its virulence by downregulating () and () throughout termite bodies.

Robust Assessment of Macromolecular Fraction (MMF) in Muscle with Differing Fat Fraction Using Ultrashort Echo Time (UTE) Magnetization Transfer Modeling with Measured T1.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely regarded as the most comprehensive imaging modality to assess skeletal muscle quality and quantity. Magnetization transfer (MT) imaging can be used to estimate the fraction of water and macromolecular proton pools, with the latter including the myofibrillar proteins and collagen, which are related to the muscle quality and its ability to generate force. MT modeling combined with ultrashort echo time (UTE-MT modeling) may improve the evaluation of the myotendinous junction and regions with fibrotic tissues in the skeletal muscles, which possess short T2 values and higher bound-water concentration.

Cytochrome P450 gene mediates terpinen-4-ol susceptibility in the red flour beetle, (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae).

Cytochrome P450 proteins (CYPs) in insects can encode various detoxification enzymes and catabolize heterologous substances, conferring tolerance to insecticides. This study describes the identification of a P450 gene () from (Herbst) and investigation of its spatiotemporal expression profile and potential role in the detoxification of terpinen-4-ol, a component of plant essential oils. The developmental expression profile showed that expression was relatively higher in early- and late-larval stages of compared with other developmental stages.

Determining the critical factors of eWOM about corporate social responsibility on social networking sites: End users' perspective.

It is now possible to propagate CSR information through social media platforms. Electronic word of mouth (eWOM) directly impacts image and upcoming portfolios of the organization. Customers, employees, and other stakeholders generate revenue for the company.

Antifeedant Mechanism of Saponin A Isolated from the Seeds of .

is a medicinal plant which has been used to treat various diseases in humans. However, the anti-insect activity of extracts from has not been evaluated. Here, we found that the total saponins from (TSDV) had strong antifeedant and growth inhibition activities against 4th-instar larvae of .

AcidoCEST-UTE MRI Reveals an Acidic Microenvironment in Knee Osteoarthritis.

A relationship between an acidic pH in the joints, osteoarthritis (OA), and pain has been previously demonstrated. Acidosis Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (acidoCEST) indirectly measures the extracellular pH through the assessment of the exchange of protons between amide groups on iodinated contrast agents and bulk water. It is possible to estimate the extracellular pH in the osteoarthritic joint using acidoCEST MRI.

Serotonergic Neurons in the Brain and Gnathal Ganglion of Larval .

The fall armyworm () (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a worldwide, disruptive, agricultural pest species. The larvae of feed on seedling, leave, and kernel of crops with chewing mouthparts, resulting in reduced crop yields. Serotonin is an important biogenic amine acting as a neural circuit modulator known to mediate lots of behaviors including feeding in insects.

Neuronal architecture and functional mapping of the taste center of larval Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

The sense of taste plays a crucial role in herbivorous insects by discriminating nutrients from complex plant metabolic compounds. The peripheral coding of taste has been thoroughly studied in many insect species, but the central gustatory pathways are poorly described. In the present study, we characterized single neurons in the gnathal ganglion of Helicoverpa armigera larvae using the intracellular recording/staining technique.

Plant Metabolites Drive Different Responses in Caterpillars of Two Closely Related Species.

The host acceptances of insects can be determined largely by detecting plant metabolites using insect taste. In the present study, we investigated the gustatory sensitivity and feeding behaviors of two closely related caterpillars, the generalist (Hübner) and the specialist (Guenée), to different plant metabolites by using the single sensillum recording technique and the dual-choice assay, aiming to explore the contribution of plant metabolites to the difference of diet breadth between the two species. The results depicted that the feeding patterns of caterpillars for both plant primary and secondary metabolites were significantly different between the two species.

AcidoCEST MRI Evaluates the Bone Microenvironment in Multiple Myeloma.

Purpose: Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable disease of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow (BM). Adaptive responses to hypoxia may be an essential element in MM progression and drug resistance. This metabolic adaptation involves a decrease in extracellular pH (pHe), and it depends on the upregulation of glucose transporters (GLUTs) that is common in hypoxia and in cancer cells.

Suppression of Calcineurin Enhances the Toxicity of Cry1Ac to .

Insect resistance to (Bt) insecticidal proteins has rapidly evolved with the expansion of the planting area of transgenic Bt crops. Pyramiding RNA interference (RNAi) and Bt in crops is urgently needed to counter the rapid increase in pest resistance. The ideal "pyramid" strategy simultaneously targets different action pathways that exert synergetic effects on each other.

Novel fluorescent staining protocol for thick sections of human osteochondral tissues to facilitate correlation with MRI and CT.

Objective: To describe a novel fluorescent histochemical protocol to visualize osteoclasts, vasculature, and nerves in thick sections of human osteochondral tissues and to demonstrate its feasibility for use in radiologic-pathologic research correlation studies.

Materials And Methods: Consecutive patients scheduled for total knee arthroplasty surgeries underwent pre-operative MRI. CT imaging was performed after tissue collection, and abnormal osteochondral regions were sectioned to 1-2 mm in thickness and decalcified.

High-Density Mineralized Protrusions and Central Osteophytes: Associated Osteochondral Junction Abnormalities in Osteoarthritis.

The aim of this study was to determine the association between high-density mineralized protrusions (HDMPs) and central osteophytes (COs), and describe the varying appearance of these lesions using advanced clinical imaging and a novel histological protocol. Seventeen consecutive patients with clinically advanced knee osteoarthritis undergoing knee arthroplasty were included. Surgical tissues containing the osteochondral region were investigated using computed tomography (CT); a subset was evaluated using confocal microscopy with fluorescence.

assessment of extracellular pH of joint tissues using acidoCEST-UTE MRI.

Background: Degradation of cartilage and meniscus may be mediated by changes in extracellular pH. The purpose of this study was to optimize saturation powers used with the acidoCEST magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique with a 3D ultrashort echo time readout (acidoCEST-UTE) and to demonstrate feasibility of the method for measuring pH in cartilage and meniscus .

Methods: Magnetization transfer ratio asymmetry and ratio of radiofrequency (RF) power mismatch at different powers were evaluated in cartilage and meniscus tissue phantoms for iopamidol and iohexol.

Assessment of an in vitro model of rotator cuff degeneration using quantitative magnetic resonance and ultrasound imaging with biochemical and histological correlation.

Purpose: Quantitative imaging methods could improve diagnosis of rotator cuff degeneration, but the capability of quantitative MR and US imaging parameters to detect alterations in collagen is unknown. The goal of this study was to assess quantitative MR and US imaging measures for detecting abnormalities in collagen using an in vitro model of tendinosis with biochemical and histological correlation.

Method: 36 pieces of supraspinatus tendons from 6 cadaveric donors were equally distributed into 3 groups (2 subjected to different concentrations of collagenase and a control group).

Distribution of Serotonin-Immunoreactive Neurons in the Brain and Gnathal Ganglion of Caterpillar .

Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is an important biogenic amine that acts as a neural circuit modulator. It is widespread in the central nervous system of insects. However, little is known about the distribution of serotonin in the nervous system of the cotton bollworm .

AcidoCEST-UTE MRI for the Assessment of Extracellular pH of Joint Tissues at 3 T.

Objectives: The goal of this study was to demonstrate feasibility of measuring extracellular pH in cartilage and meniscus using acidoCEST technique with a 3-dimensional ultrashort echo time readout (acidoCEST-UTE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Materials And Methods: Magnetization transfer ratio asymmetry, radiofrequency (RF) power mismatch, and relative saturation transfer were evaluated in liquid phantoms for iopromide, iopamidol, and iohexol over a pH range of 6.2 to 7.

The Mechanisms of Social Immunity Against Fungal Infections in Eusocial Insects.

Entomopathogenic fungus as well as their toxins is a natural threat surrounding social insect colonies. To defend against them, social insects have evolved a series of unique disease defenses at the colony level, which consists of behavioral and physiological adaptations. These colony-level defenses can reduce the infection and poisoning risk and improve the survival of societal members, and is known as social immunity.