Brown fat ATP-citrate lyase links carbohydrate availability to thermogenesis and guards against metabolic stress.

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) engages futile fatty acid synthesis-oxidation cycling, the purpose of which has remained elusive. Here, we show that ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY), which generates acetyl-CoA for fatty acid synthesis, promotes thermogenesis by mitigating metabolic stress. Without ACLY, BAT overloads the tricarboxylic acid cycle, activates the integrated stress response (ISR) and suppresses thermogenesis.

A brown fat-enriched adipokine, ASRA, is a leptin receptor antagonist that stimulates appetite.

The endocrine control of food intake remains incompletely understood, and whether the leptin receptor (LepR)-mediated anorexigenic pathway in the hypothalamus is negatively regulated by a humoral factor is unknown. Here, we identify an appetite-stimulating factor - ASRA - that represents a peripheral signal of energy deficit and orthosterically antagonizes LepR signaling. encodes an 8 kD protein that is abundantly and selectively expressed in adipose tissue and to a lesser extent, in liver.

Quantitative analysis of metabolic fluxes in brown fat and skeletal muscle during thermogenesis.

Adaptive thermogenesis by brown adipose tissue (BAT) dissipates calories as heat, making it an attractive anti-obesity target. Yet how BAT contributes to circulating metabolite exchange remains unclear. Here, we quantified metabolite exchange in BAT and skeletal muscle by arteriovenous metabolomics during cold exposure in fed male mice.

A brown fat-enriched adipokine Adissp controls adipose thermogenesis and glucose homeostasis.

The signaling mechanisms underlying adipose thermogenesis have not been fully elucidated. Particularly, the involvement of adipokines that are selectively expressed in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and beige adipocytes remains to be investigated. Here we show that a previously uncharacterized adipokine (UPF0687 protein / human C20orf27 homolog) we named as Adissp (Adipose-secreted signaling protein) is a key regulator for white adipose tissue (WAT) thermogenesis and glucose homeostasis.

Isolation, pathogenesis, and genetic evolution of a porcine bocavirus PBoV/HB/30/2018 strain in China.

Porcine bocavirus (PBoV) was first identified in Sweden in 2009. Due to its association with healthy as well as diseased pigs, its role in clinical disease has not been reported yet. In the present study, bocavirus was identified from the intestinal content of a 30-day-old piglet and its whole genome was constructed and phylogenetic analysis was carried on.

Drp1-Mediated Mitochondrial Metabolic Dysfunction Inhibits the Tumor Growth of Pituitary Adenomas.

Metabolic changes have been suggested to be a hallmark of tumors and are closely associated with tumorigenesis. In a previous study, we demonstrated the role of lactate dehydrogenase in regulating abnormal glucose metabolism in pituitary adenomas (PA). As the key organelle of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), mitochondria play a vital role in the energy supply for tumor cells.

Female mice lacking ERβ display excitatory/inhibitory synaptic imbalance to drive the pathogenesis of temporal lobe epilepsy.

Epilepsy is a highly prevalent and drug-refractory neurological disorder characterized by spontaneous recurrent seizures. Estrogen is identified to be proconvulsant and lowers the seizure threshold of female epilepsy. Estrogen receptor β (ERβ) has been proposed to mediate neuroprotection in epilepsy, although the underlying mechanism remains unknown.

N6-methyladenosine regulates PEDV replication and host gene expression.

Methylation of the N6 position of adenosine (mA) is a widespread RNA modification that is critical for various physiological and pathological processes. Although this modification was also found in the RNA of several viruses almost 40 years ago, its biological functions during viral infection have been elucidated recently. Here, we investigated the effects of viral and host RNA methylation during porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection.

Acute porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection reshapes the intestinal microbiota.

The intestinal microbiota is crucial to intestinal homeostasis. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is high pathogenic to intestines, causing diarrhea, even death in piglets. To investigate the detailed relationship between PEDV infection and intestinal microbiota, the composition and distribution of intestinal microbiota from pigs were first analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing technology.

Interleukin (IL)-21 Promotes the Differentiation of IgA-Producing Plasma Cells in Porcine Peyer's Patches via the JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway.

Secretory IgA is critical to prevent the invasion of pathogens via mucosa. However, the key factors and the mechanisms of IgA generation in the porcine gut are not well-understood. In this study, a panel of factors, including BAFF, APRIL, CD40L, TGF-β1, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, and IL-21, were employed to stimulate IgM B lymphocytes from porcine ileum Peyer's patches.

Glutamine metabolism in the proliferation of GS-expression pituitary tumor cells.

Objective: Many cancer cells cannot survive without exogenous glutamine (Gln)，however, cancer cells expressed glutamine synthetase (GS) do not have this restriction. Previous metabolomics studies have indicated that glutamine metabolism is altered during pituitary tumorigenesis. However, the main role of Gln in pituitary adenoma (PA) pathophysiology remains unknown.

Angustifoline inhibits human colon cancer cell growth by inducing autophagy along with mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis, suppression of cell invasion and migration and stimulating G2/M cell cycle arrest.

Purpose: The prime objective of the present study was to investigate the anticancer properties of angustifoline against COLO-205 human colon cancer cells. Its effects on cell autophagy, apoptosis, cell invasion and cell migration, and cell cycle arrest were also evaluated in the current study.

Methods: WST-1 assay was used to study cytotoxic effects of the compound on the cell viability.

Cbx4 Sumoylates Prdm16 to Regulate Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis.

Transcriptional co-activator Prdm16 controls brown fat development and white fat browning, but how this thermogenic function is modulated post-translationally is poorly understood. Here, we report that Cbx4, a Polycomb group protein, is a SUMO E3 ligase for Prdm16 and that Cbx4-mediated sumoylation of Prdm16 is required for thermogenic gene expression. Cbx4 expression is enriched in brown fat and is induced in adipose tissue by acute cold exposure.

IRX3 Promotes the Browning of White Adipocytes and Its Rare Variants are Associated with Human Obesity Risk.

Background: IRX3 was recently reported as the effector of the FTO variants. We aimed to test IRX3's roles in the browning program and to evaluate the association between the genetic variants in IRX3 and human obesity.

Methods: IRX3 expression was examined in beige adipocytes in human and mouse models, and further validated in induced beige adipocytes.

Transcription factor Hlx controls a systematic switch from white to brown fat through Prdm16-mediated co-activation.

Browning of subcutaneous white fat (iWAT) involves several reprograming events, but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Here we show that the transcription factor Hlx is selectively expressed in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and iWAT, and is translationally upregulated by β3-adrenergic signaling-mediated suppression of the translational inhibitor 4E-BP1. Hlx interacts with and is co-activated by Prdm16 to control BAT-selective gene expression and mitochondrial biogenesis.

Arogenate Dehydratase Isoforms Differentially Regulate Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Anthocyanins, a group of L-phenylalanine (Phe)-derived flavonoids, have been demonstrated to play important roles in plant stress resistance and interactions between plants and insects. Although the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway and its regulatory mechanisms have been extensively studied, it remains unclear whether the level of Phe supply affects anthocyanin biosynthesis. Here, we investigated the roles of arogenate dehydratases (ADTs), the key enzymes that catalyze the conversion of arogenate into Phe, in sucrose-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis.

Arabidopsis thylakoid formation 1 is a critical regulator for dynamics of PSII-LHCII complexes in leaf senescence and excess light.

In higher plants, photosystem II (PSII) is a large pigment-protein supramolecular complex composed of the PSII core complex and the plant-specific peripheral light-harvesting complexes (LHCII). PSII-LHCII complexes are highly dynamic in their quantity and macro-organization to various environmental conditions. In this study, we reported a critical factor, the Arabidopsis Thylakoid Formation 1 (THF1) protein, which controls PSII-LHCII dynamics during dark-induced senescence and light acclimation.

[Study on parentage testing in JIRONG rabbit by microsatellite markers].

Thirteen microsatellite markers, including Sat2,Sat3,Sat4,Sat5,Sat7,Sat8,Sat12, Sat13, Sat16,Sol08,Sol28,Sol30 and Sol03, were studied for their parentage-testing application in a group of 30 JIRONG Rabbits in the present report. The 13 microsatellite loci were successfully amplified with specific primers designed according to known sequences. The PCR products amplified from the microsatellite loci were analyzed by 8% denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.