The metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for the high-yield production of hypoxanthine.

Background: Hypoxanthine, prevalent in animals and plants, is used in the production of food additives, nucleoside antiviral drugs, and disease diagnosis. Current biological fermentation methods synthesize quantities insufficient to meet industrial demands. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a strain capable of industrial-scale production of hypoxanthine.

Spatial Transcriptomics Reveals the Transcriptomic Signatures in a Mouse Model of Pediatric Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is considered the progressive form of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, which is the leading cause of chronic liver disease in children. However, the pathogenesis of pediatric MASH remains poorly understood because of the lack of animal models. In this study, a mouse model of pediatric MASH was developed and its hepatic transcriptomic profile was characterized using spatial transcriptomics technology.

Narrowband clusteroluminescence with 100% quantum yield enabled by through-space conjugation of asymmetric conformation.

Different from traditional organic luminescent materials based on covalent delocalization, clusteroluminescence from nonconjugated luminogens relies on noncovalent through-space conjugation of electrons. However, such spatial electron delocalization is usually weak, resulting in low luminescent efficiency and board emission peak due to multiple vibrational energy levels. Herein, several nonconjugated luminogens are constructed by employing biphenyl as the building unit to reveal the structure-property relationship and solve current challenges.

Catalpol from Targets Nrf2/NF-κB Signaling Pathway to Improve Renal Anemia and Fibrosis.

is widely recognized as a prominent medicinal herb employed by practitioners across various generations for the purpose of fortifying kidney yin. Within , the compound known as catalpol (CAT) holds significant importance as a bioactive constituent. However, the protective effects of CAT on kidneys, including ameliorative effects on chronic kidney disease - most prominently renal anemia and renal fibrosis - have not been clearly defined.

Metabolic Engineering of for the High-Level Production of l-Valine under Aerobic Conditions.

l-Valine, an essential amino acid, serves as a valuable compound in various industries. However, engineering strains with both high yield and purity are yet to be delivered for microbial l-valine production. We engineered a strain capable of highly efficient production of l-valine.

Worm-Based Diagnosis Combining Microfluidics toward Early Cancer Screening.

Early cancer diagnosis increases therapy efficiency and saves huge medical costs. Traditional blood-based cancer markers and endoscopy procedures demonstrate limited capability in the diagnosis. Reliable, non-invasive, and cost-effective methods are in high demand across the world.

[Whole-cell catalytic production of pseudouridine by recombinant ].

Pseudouridine is the most abundant modified nucleoside found in non-coding RNA and is widely used in biological and pharmaceutical fields. However, current methods for pseudouridine production suffer from drawbacks such as complex procedures, low efficiency and high costs. This study presents a novel enzymatic cascade reaction route in , enabling the whole-cell catalytic synthesis of pseudouridine from uridine.

[Traceability Analysis and Environmental Quality Assessment of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution in West Hunan Province].

In order to explore the status of soil heavy metal pollution and environmental quality in west Hunan, relevant areas of Phoenix County were selected as the study area. Using data from 440 soil samples collected in the study area from June to August 2022, the pH value of the soil and contents of eight heavy metal elements, namely, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn, were analyzed. The PMF model was used for traceability analysis and geochemical evaluation of soil environmental quality.

Effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy for cervical low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions with HR-HPV infections.

Objective: To determine the effectiveness and safety of 5-aminolevulinic acid mediated photodynamic therapy (5-ALA PDT) in HR-HPV infected patients with cervical low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) and to explore possible factors affecting treatment outcomes.

Methods: This retrospective study included 96 patients with histologically confirmed cervical LSIL and high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection. They received 5-ALA PDT treatment once a week for a total of 3 courses.

Salvianolic acid B promotes angiogenesis and inhibits cardiomyocyte apoptosis by regulating autophagy in myocardial ischemia.

Background: Myocardial ischemia (MI) can cause angina, myocardial infarction, and even death. Angiogenesis is beneficial for ensuring oxygen and blood supply to ischemic tissue, promoting tissue repair, and reducing cell damage. In this study, we evaluated the effects of Salvianolic acid B (Sal B) against myocardial ischemia and explored its underlying mechanism on autophagy.

Optimization of trans-4-hydroxyproline synthesis pathway by rearrangement center carbon metabolism in Escherichia coli.

Background: trans-4-Hydroxyproline (T-4-HYP) is a promising intermediate in the synthesis of antibiotic drugs. However, its industrial production remains challenging due to the low production efficiency of T-4-HYP. This study focused on designing the key nodes of anabolic pathway to enhance carbon flux and minimize carbon loss, thereby maximizing the production potential of microbial cell factories.

Advancements in Sample Preparation Methods for the Chromatographic and Mass Spectrometric Determination of Zearalenone and Its Metabolites in Food: An Overview.

Zearalenone and its metabolites are mycotoxins generated by Fusarium species while crops are growing and can typically be found in various foods, posing a risk to human health. Governments have implemented stricter regulations concerning the permissible levels of zearalenone in food products to safeguard public health. Stricter regulations on zearalenone levels in food have been implemented.

High-level and -yield production of L-leucine in engineered Escherichia coli by multistep metabolic engineering.

L-leucine is an essential amino acid widely used in food and pharmaceutical industries. However, the relatively low production efficiency limits its large-scale application. In this study, we rationally developed an efficient L-leucine-producing Escherichia coli strain.

Targeted metabolomics unravels altered phenylalanine levels in piglets receiving total parenteral nutrition.

Parenteral nutrition, received by many patients with intestinal failure, can induce hepatobiliary complications, which is termed as parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease (PNALD). The spectrum of PNALD ranges from cholestasis and steatosis to fibrosis and cirrhosis. Although many factors contribute to the pathogenesis of PNALD, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Productivity enhancement in L-lysine fermentation using oxygen-enhanced bioreactor and oxygen vector.

L-lysine is a bulk product. In industrial production using high-biomass fermentation, the high density of bacteria and the intensity of production require sufficient cellular respiratory metabolism for support. Conventional bioreactors often have difficulty meeting the oxygen supply conditions for this fermentation process, which is not conducive to improving the sugar-amino acid conversion rate.

[Geochemical Characteristics of Cd in Different Parent Soils in Karst Area and Prediction of Cd Content in Maize].

The naturally high background value region of Cd derived from the weathering of carbonate has received wide attention. Due to the significant difference in soil physicochemical properties, soil Cd content, and bioavailability of different parent materials in the karst area, there are certain limitations in using the total soil Cd content to classify the environmental quality of cultivated land. In this study, surface soil and maize samples of eluvium and alluvial parent material in typical karst areas were collected systematically; the contents of maize Cd, soil Cd, pH, and oxides were analyzed, the Cd geochemical characteristics of different parent soils and the influencing factors of their bioavailability were revealed, and scientific and effective arable land use zoning suggestions based on the prediction model were suggested.

Incorporating patient preferences and burden-of-disease in evaluating ALS drug candidate AMX0035: a Bayesian decision analysis perspective.

Objective: Provide US FDA and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) society with a systematic, transparent, and quantitative framework to evaluate the efficacy of the ALS therapeutic candidate AMX0035 in its phase 2 trial, which showed statistically significant effects (-value 3%) in slowing the rate of ALS progression on a relatively small sample size of 137 patients.

Methods: We apply Bayesian decision analysis (BDA) to determine the optimal type I error rate (-value) under which the clinical evidence of AMX0035 supports FDA approval. Using rigorous estimates of ALS disease burden, our BDA framework strikes the optimal balance between FDA's need to limit adverse effects (type I error) and patients' need for expedited access to a potentially effective therapy (type II error).

Profile analysis and functional modeling identify circular RNAs in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease as regulators of hepatic lipid metabolism.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading cause of chronic liver disease, associated with an outcome of hepatic fibrosis/cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, limited exploration of the underlying mechanisms hinders its prevention and treatment. To investigate the mechanisms of epigenetic regulation in NAFLD, the expression profile of circular RNA (circRNA) of rodents in which NAFLD was induced by a high-fat, high-cholesterol (HFHC) diet was studied.

Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for efficient production of L-5-hydroxytryptophan from glucose.

Background: 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), the direct biosynthetic precursor of the neurotransmitter 5-hydroxytryptamine, has been shown to have unique efficacy in the treatment of a variety of disorders, including depression, insomnia, and chronic headaches, and is one of the most commercially valuable amino acid derivatives. However, microbial fermentation for 5-HTP production continues to face many challenges, including low titer/yield and the presence of the intermediate L-tryptophan (L-Trp), owing to the complexity and low activity of heterologous expression in prokaryotes. Therefore, there is a need to construct an efficient microbial cell factory for 5-HTP production.

An Improved Grey Wolf Optimization with Multi-Strategy Ensemble for Robot Path Planning.

Grey wolf optimization (GWO) is a meta-heuristic algorithm inspired by the hierarchy and hunting behavior of grey wolves. GWO has the superiorities of simpler concept and fewer adjustment parameters, and has been widely used in different fields. However, there are some disadvantages in avoiding prematurity and falling into local optimum.

Curcumin alleviates aristolochic acid nephropathy based on SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.

Aristolochic acid I (AA-I), presenting in a variety of natural medicinal plants, which could cause tubular epithelial cell injury. Curcumin (CUR), a polyphenolic substance isolated from turmeric, is a natural antioxidant. The aim of this experiment was to investigate whether CUR attenuated AA-I-induced renal injury in rats through the SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.

Process study of ceramic membrane-coupled mixed-cell fermentation for the production of adenine.

In order to solve the problems of high complexity, many by-products, high pollution and difficult extraction of the existing adenine production process, in this study, ceramic membrane-coupled mixed cell fermentation was used to produce adenine while reducing the synthesis of by-products and simplifying the production process of adenine. Nucleoside hydrolase (encoded by the gene) was used to produce adenine by coordinated fermentation with the adenosine-producing bacterium XGL. The adenosine hydrolase (AdHy)-expressing strain BL21-AdHy was successfully employed and the highest activity of the crude enzyme solution was found by orthogonal experiments at 170 W power, 42% duty cycle, and 8 min of sonication.

Real-time extended psychophysiological analysis of financial risk processing.

We study the relationships between the real-time psychophysiological activity of professional traders, their financial transactions, and market fluctuations. We collected multiple physiological signals such as heart rate, blood volume pulse, and electrodermal activity of 55 traders at a leading global financial institution during their normal working hours over a five-day period. Using their physiological measurements, we implemented a novel metric of trader's "psychophysiological activation" to capture affect such as excitement, stress and irritation.