Conference 2024: Building an innovative scientific research ecosystem for microbiome and One Health.

The Conference 2024 provides a platform to promote the development of an innovative scientific research ecosystem for microbiome and One Health. The four key components - Technology, Research (Biology), Academic journals, and Social media - form a synergistic ecosystem. Advanced technologies drive biological research, which generates novel insights that are disseminated through academic journals.

Camptothecin multifunctional nanoparticles effectively achieve a balance between the efficacy of breast cancer treatment and the preservation of intestinal homeostasis.

Camptothecin (CPT) exhibits potent antitumor activity; however, its clinical application is limited by significant gastrointestinal adverse effects (GAEs). Although the severity of GAEs associated with CPT derivatives has decreased, the incidence rate of these adverse effects has remained high. CPT multifunctional nanoparticles (PCRHNs) have the potential to increase the efficacy of CPT while reducing side effects in major target organs; however, the impact of PCRHNs on the GAEs from CPT remains uncertain.

Genetically programmable cell membrane-camouflaged nanoparticles for targeted combination therapy of colorectal cancer.

Cell membrane-camouflaged nanoparticles possess inherent advantages derived from their membrane structure and surface antigens, including prolonged circulation in the bloodstream, specific cell recognition and targeting capabilities, and potential for immunotherapy. Herein, we introduce a cell membrane biomimetic nanodrug platform termed MPB-3BP@CM NPs. Comprising microporous Prussian blue nanoparticles (MPB NPs) serving as both a photothermal sensitizer and carrier for 3-bromopyruvate (3BP), these nanoparticles are cloaked in a genetically programmable cell membrane displaying variants of signal regulatory protein α (SIRPα) with enhanced affinity to CD47.

Role of the gut microbiota in tumorigenesis and treatment.

The gut microbiota is a crucial component of the intricate microecosystem within the human body that engages in interactions with the host and influences various physiological processes and pathological conditions. In recent years, the association between dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and tumorigenesis has garnered increasing attention, as it is recognized as a hallmark of cancer within the scientific community. However, only a few microorganisms have been identified as potential drivers of tumorigenesis, and enhancing the molecular understanding of this process has substantial scientific importance and clinical relevance for cancer treatment.

A facile boronophenylalanine modified polydopamine dual drug-loaded nanoparticles for enhanced anti-tumor immune response in hepatocellular carcinoma comprehensive treatment.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has an insidious onset and high malignancy. Most patients have progressed to intermediate and advanced stages by the time of diagnosis, and the long-term efficacy of traditional treatments is not satisfactory. Immunotherapy has shown great promise in the treatment of HCC in recent years; however, the low immunogenicity and severe immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment result in a low response rate to immunotherapy in HCC patients.

Enhanced Chemo-Immunotherapy Strategy Utilizing Injectable Thermosensitive Hydrogel for The Treatment of Diffuse Peritoneal Metastasis in Advanced Colorectal Cancer.

Patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and diffuse peritoneal metastasis (PM) are not eligible for surgical intervention. Thus, palliative treatment remains the standard of care in clinical practice. Systemic chemotherapy fails to cause drug accumulation at the lesion sites, while intraperitoneal chemotherapy (IPC) is limited by high clearance rates and associated complications.

RGD peptide modified platinum nanozyme Co-loaded glutathione-responsive prodrug nanoparticles for enhanced chemo-photodynamic bladder cancer therapy.

Bladder cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the urinary system worldwide. The poor permeability and uncontrollable release of drug and hypoxia of tumor tissues were the main reasons leading to poor therapeutic effect of chemo-photodynamic therapy for bladder cancer. To solve the above problems, a tumor-targeting peptide Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) modified platinum nanozyme (PtNP) co-loaded glutathione (GSH)-responsive prodrug nanoparticles (PTX-SS-HPPH/Pt@RGD-NP) was constructed.

Pyrolysis of COVID-19 disposable masks and catalytic cracking of the volatiles.

The disposable masks generated in the battle against COVID-19 has attracted wide attention in the world. Pyrolysis can convert the masks into useful chemicals and fuels. In this work, the masks are pyrolyzed at temperatures of 400-580 °C and the volatiles generated are cracked without or with catalysts at 440-580 °C.

Near-infrared light and redox dual-activatable nanosystems for synergistically cascaded cancer phototherapy with reduced skin photosensitization.

Currently, activatable photodynamic therapy (PDT) that is precisely regulated by endogenous or exogenous stimuli to selectively produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species at the tumor site is urgently in demand. Herein, we fabricated a dual-activatable PDT nanosystem regulated by the redox tumor microenvironment and near-infrared (NIR) light-induced photothermal therapy (PTT). In this study, photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6) was conjugated to hyaluronic acid (HA) via a diselenide bond to form an amphiphilic polymer (HSeC) for loading PTT agent IR780 to produce HSeC/IR nanoparticles (NPs).

Tumor microenvironment-responsive AgS-PAsp(DOX)-cRGD nanoparticles-mediated photochemotherapy enhances the immune response to tumor therapy.

Chemotherapy drugs play important roles in clinical treatment, and most first-line regimens of cancer therapy contain chemotherapy drugs. In particular, some chemotherapeutic drugs can also produce ICD effect and enhance the immune response of the body. However, most chemotherapy drugs do not specifically target tumors or the complex tumor microenvironment, which renders their curative effect insufficient.

A Nonenzymatic Hydrogen Peroxide Electrochemical Sensing and Application in Cancer Diagnosis.

The diagnosis of malignant tumors is essential for informing clinical decisions regarding therapeutic options. Current imaging and pathological diagnostic methods do not provide quantitative molecular information that is important in tumor identification. Moreover, pathological tissue analysis is dependent on unevenly distributed pathological features.

Effects of Docetaxel Injection and Docetaxel Micelles on the Intestinal Barrier and Intestinal Microbiota.

Increasing evidence has suggested that chemotherapeutics affect the integrity of the intestinal barrier and alter the intestinal microbiota, thus limiting the therapeutic outcomes of cancer chemotherapy. Docetaxel (DTX) is used for breast cancer treatment and has gastrointestinal side effects, but the influence of DTX formulations on the intestinal barrier and intestinal microbiota remains unknown. Therefore, in this work, the influence of DTX injection (free DTX, commercial formulation) and DTX/methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(D,L-lactide) (mPEG-PDLLA) (DTX micelles, nanoformulation) on the integrity of the intestinal barrier and the intestinal microbiota is investigated.

Valorization of fluid petroleum coke for efficient catalytic destruction of biomass gasification tar.

Large volumes of waste petroleum coke stockpiled in open yard not only represent a huge loss of valuable material but also pose a significant risk to the environment. This work proposed an innovative strategy for waste petroleum coke valorization by exploring its catalytic performance of biomass gasification tar destruction. Waste petroleum coke was firstly activated by potassium hydroxide (KOH) to obtain high specific surface area as well as low sulfur and ash contents.

Insights into Coke Formation and Removal under Operating Conditions with a Quantum Nanoreactor Approach.

The formation and removal of coke is a critical problem in heterogeneous catalysis, but its mechanism is not well understood. This work investigates the mechanism of carbon deposition and hydrogenation on an Fe cluster under high-temperature conditions with the density functional tight-binding (DFTB) based nanoreactor molecular dynamics (NMD) method. Our study shows that successive formation of carbon chains, rings, and fused rings occurred during the carbon deposition on Fe clusters.

Intracellular aggregation of peptide-reprogrammed small molecule nanoassemblies enhances cancer chemotherapy and combinatorial immunotherapy.

The intracellular retention of nanotherapeutics is essential for their therapeutic activity. The immobilization of nanotherapeutics inside target cell types can regulate various cell behaviors. However, strategies for the intracellular immobilization of nanoparticles are limited.

Cyclophosphamide loaded thermo-responsive hydrogel system synergize with a hydrogel cancer vaccine to amplify cancer immunotherapy in a prime-boost manner.

Although neoantigen-based cancer vaccines show great potential in cancer immunotherapy due to their ability to induce effective and long-lasting anti-tumor immunity, their development is hindered by the limitations of neoantigens identification, low immunogenicity, and weak immune response. Cyclophosphamide (CTX) not only directly kills tumors but also causes immunogenic cell death, providing a promising source of antigens for cancer vaccines. Herein, a combined immunotherapy strategy based on temperature-sensitive PLEL hydrogel is designed.

Radical-Assisted Formation of Pd Single Atoms or Nanoclusters on Biochar.

Supported single atom or nanocluster catalysts have been widely studied due to their excellent catalytic properties. Many methods to prepare such catalysts start with constructing defects on supports, and the main focus is to improve dispersion and stability of the active sites. This paper for the first time reports a radical-assisted method to prepare single atom or nanocluster Pd on a biochar.

Injectable Thermosensitive Hydrogel Containing Erlotinib-Loaded Hollow Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles as a Localized Drug Delivery System for NSCLC Therapy.

Erlotinib (ERT), oral administration agents, is one of the most pivotal targeted drugs in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, its poor solubility, low oral bioavailability, and capricious toxicity limit broader clinical applications. In this paper, a novel injectable matrix is prepared based on hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (HMSNs) and thermosensitive poly(d,l-lactide)-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(d,l-lactide) (PDLLA-PEG-PDLLA, PLEL) hydrogel to encapsulate and localize the sustained release of ERT for improved efficacy against NSCLC. The test-tube-inversion method shows that this ERT-loaded hydrogel composite (ERT@HMSNs/gel) presents as an injectable flowing solution under room temperature and transfers into a physically crosslinked non-flowing gel structure at physiological temperature.

Near-Infrared Responsive Doxorubicin Loaded Hollow Mesoporous Prussian Blue Nanoparticles Combined with Dissolvable Hyaluronic Acid Microneedle System for Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Therapy.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common cancers in developing countries particularly in those aged over 50. Traditional treatment is with surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these which often results in considerable discomfort to the patient. Here we describe a potential alternative which employs a near-infrared (NIR) responsive dissolvable microneedle system (HMPBs&DOX@HA MNs) made of hyaluronic acid (HA) with hollow mesoporous Prussian blue nanoparticles (HMPBs) loaded with doxorubicin (DOX).

Carrier-Free Small-Molecule Drug Nanoassembly Elicits Chemoimmunotherapy via Co-inhibition of PD-L1/mTOR.

The growth and progression of tumor are promoted by multiple cytokines, which are overactivated in the tumor microenvironment. Co-inhibiting the activities of these cytokines is expected to realize the enhanced therapeutic outcome of cancer. However, reasonable combinational strategies are still limited.

Ultrasmall CuS@BSA nanoparticles with mild photothermal conversion synergistically induce MSCs-differentiated fibroblast and improve skin regeneration.

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapies have been used in skin regeneration due to their ability to differentiate into many cells, promote cytokine secretion and participate in collagen deposition. In this study, we concluded that a CuS@BSA nanoparticles exhibited similar potential in inducing MSCs differentiation to fibroblasts as Cu ions for wound healing. : First, we verified the photothermal efficiency of CuS@BSA and and had no cytotoxicity for MSCs when the temperature was controlled at 42 °C by adjusting the power of irradiation at 980 nm.

HBV upregulates AP-1 complex subunit mu-1 expression via the JNK pathway to promote proliferation of liver cancer cells.

Although hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is responsible for liver cancer, the exact mechanism of its action remains unclear. μ1 adaptin is an intrinsic part of the clathrin adaptor AP-1 complex. In addition to its canonical biological function that involves cargo sorting and vesicular transport, recent studies have demonstrated that μ1 adaptin participates in cell growth and proliferation.

Rationally designed peptide-conjugated gold/platinum nanosystem with active tumor-targeting for enhancing tumor photothermal-immunotherapy.

Because of the tumor heterogeneity, poor therapeutic outcome is obtained while the conventional treatments, such as surgery, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy are utilized alone. Herein, combinational therapy strategies have been introduced to solve this problem. Photothermal therapy (PTT) as a non-invasive thermal therapeutic manner has attracting enormous attentions not only for the effective inhibition in primary tumors, but also for producing tumor-associated antigens from ablated tumor cell residues which exhibit the feasibility to enhance the therapeutic outcome of immunotherapy.

Analyses of artificial morel soil bacterial community structure and mineral element contents in ascocarp and the cultivated soil.

This study explored the differences among various artificial morel cultivations as well as the factors that influence these differences, including soil bacterial community structure, yield, and mineral element contents of ascocarp and the cultivated soil. High-throughput sequencing results revealed that the dominant bacterial phyla in all the samples, including , , , , and , were found not only in morel soils (experimental group) but also in wheat soil (control group); the highest richness and diversity in the soil bacteria were observed during the primordial differentiation stage. The M6 group exhibited the highest yield (271.

Efficient conversion of ethanol to 1-butanol and C-C alcohols over calcium carbide.

Production of 1-butanol or alcohols with 4-9 carbon atoms (C-C alcohols) from widely available bio-ethanol has attracted much interest in recent years in academia and industry of renewable chemicals and liquid fuels. This work discloses for the first time that calcium carbide (CaC) has a superior catalytic activity in condensation of ethanol to C-C alcohols at 275-300 °C. The 1-butanol yield reached up to 24.