Citriquinolinones A and B: Rare Isoquinolinone-Embedded Citrinin Analogues and Related Metabolites from the Deep-Sea-Derived 170217.

A systematic chemical investigation of the deep-sea-derived fungus 170217 resulted in the isolation of six new (-) and 45 known (-) compounds. The structures of the new compounds were established on the basis of exhaustive analysis of their spectroscopic data and theoretical-statistical approaches including GIAO-NMR, TDDFT-ECD/ORD calculations, DP4+ probability analysis, and biogenetic consideration. Citriquinolinones A () and B () feature a unique isoquinolinone-embedded citrinin scaffold, representing the first exemplars of a citrinin-isoquinolinone hybrid.

extract inhibits quorum sensing associated virulence factors of .

is now becoming a propensity for its highly antimicrobial-resistant clinical infections. Currently, it provides a novel strategy to prevent and control microbial infection by regulating quorum sensing (QS). Deep-sea-derived fungi are rich in QS bioactive constituents.

Conditional concordance-assisted learning under matched case-control design for combining biomarkers for population screening.

Incorporating promising biomarkers into cancer screening practices for early-detection is increasingly appealing because of the unsatisfactory performance of current cancer screening strategies. The matched case-control design is commonly adopted in biomarker development studies to evaluate the discriminative power of biomarker candidates, with an intention to eliminate confounding effects. Data from matched case-control studies have been routinely analyzed by the conditional logistic regression, although the assumed logit link between biomarker combinations and disease risk may not always hold.

Chemical Constituents of the Deep-Sea-Derived Fungus Cladosporium oxysporum 170103 and Their Antibacterial Effects.

The Cladosporium fungi, one of the largest genera of dematiaceous hyphomycetes, could produce various bioactive secondary metabolites. From the AcOEt-soluble extract of Cladosporium oxysporum 170103, three new secopatulolides (1-3) and thirteen known compounds (4-16) were obtained. Their structures were established by detailed analysis of the NMR and HR-ESI-MS data.

Cladosporioles A and B, Two New Indole Derivatives from the Deep-Sea-Derived Fungus Cladosporium cladosporioides 170056.

Two new (cladosporioles A and B, 1 and 2) and fourteen known (3-16) compounds were isolated from the deep-sea-derived fungus Cladosporium cladosporioides 170056. The relative structures of the new compounds were elucidated mainly by detailed analysis of their NMR and HR-ESI-MS spectroscopic data. Their absolute configurations were determined by comparison of the experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra.

Anti-Food Allergic Alkaloids from the Lotus Seed Pot.

Lotus seed pod (LSP) has been used as traditional herbal cuisine to modulate immunity. From the AcOEt-soluble extract of LSP, one new aporphine alkaloid, N-[2-(2H-phenanthro[3,4-d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)ethyl]acetamide (nelunucine A, 1) was obtained along with 19 known ones. Their structures were established by detailed analysis of the 1D-, 2D-NMR, and HR-ESI-MS data.

Chemical Constituents of the Marine Fungus Penicillium sp. MCCC 3A00228.

One new (d-arabinitol-anofinicate, 1) and fourteen known (2-15) compounds were isolated from the marine Penicillium sp. MCCC 3A00228. The structure of the new compound was established mainly by extensive spectroscopic analyses.

Total Synthesis and Anti-Inflammatory Bioactivity of (-)-Majusculoic Acid and Its Derivatives.

The first total synthesis of marine natural product, (-)-majusculoic acid () and its seven analogs (-), was accomplished in three to ten steps with a yield of 3% to 28%. The strategy featured the application of the conformational controlled establishment of the -cyclopropane and stereochemical controlled bromo-olefination or olefination by Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons (HWE) reaction. The potential anti-inflammatory activity of the eight compounds ( and -) was evaluated by determining the nitric oxide (NO) production in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mouse macrophages RAW264.

Antiproliferative Sorbicillinoids From the Deep-Sea-Derived .

Two new (-) and three known (-) sorbicillinoids were isolated from the deep-sea-derived fungus MCCC 3A00580. Compounds and , named sorbicatechols C and D, were two new hybrid dihydrosorbillinoids. Their structures were established mainly by spectroscopic analyses and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations.

Asperochratides A-J, Ten new polyketides from the deep-sea-derived Aspergillus ochraceus.

Ten new C polyketides (asperochratides A-J, 1-10) and 14 known miscellaneous compounds (11-24) were isolated from the deep-sea-derived fungus Aspergillus ochraceus. Structures of the new compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses, modified Mosher's method, Mo(OAc) induced circular dichroism (ICD) experiments, and ECD calculations. Structurally, compounds 1-11 and 16-18 share the same polyketide origin of the skeleton and belong to aspyrone co-metabolites.

Ultra-Short Circulating Tumor DNA (usctDNA) in Plasma and Saliva of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Patients.

Mutations identified in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) predict sensitivity to EGFR-targeted therapy for non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). We previously reported that Electric Field-Induced Release and Measurement (EFIRM)-based liquid biopsy could detect EGFR ctDNA with >94% concordance with tissue-based genotyping. A side-by-side comparison of concordance of EFIRM and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) for the detection of the two front-line actionable EFGR mutations was performed with paired plasma and saliva samples from 13 NSCLC patients.

Assessment of Lung Cancer Risk on the Basis of a Biomarker Panel of Circulating Proteins.

Importance: There is an urgent need to improve lung cancer risk assessment because current screening criteria miss a large proportion of cases.

Objective: To investigate whether a lung cancer risk prediction model based on a panel of selected circulating protein biomarkers can outperform a traditional risk prediction model and current US screening criteria.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Prediagnostic samples from 108 ever-smoking patients with lung cancer diagnosed within 1 year after blood collection and samples from 216 smoking-matched controls from the Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial (CARET) cohort were used to develop a biomarker risk score based on 4 proteins (cancer antigen 125 [CA125], carcinoembryonic antigen [CEA], cytokeratin-19 fragment [CYFRA 21-1], and the precursor form of surfactant protein B [Pro-SFTPB]).

Combining multiple biomarkers linearly to maximize the partial area under the ROC curve.

It is now common in clinical practice to make clinical decisions based on combinations of multiple biomarkers. In this paper, we propose new approaches for combining multiple biomarkers linearly to maximize the partial area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (pAUC). The parametric and nonparametric methods that have been developed for this purpose have limitations.

Estimation of smooth ROC curves for biomarkers with limits of detection.

Protein biomarkers found in plasma are commonly used for cancer screening and early detection. Measurements obtained by such markers are often based on different assays that may not support detection of accurate measurements due to a limit of detection. The ROC curve is the most popular statistical tool for the evaluation of a continuous biomarker.

Quantitative Proteomics Based on Optimized Data-Independent Acquisition in Plasma Analysis.

The advent of high-resolution and frequency mass spectrometry has ushered in an era of data-independent acquisition (DIA). This approach affords enormous multiplexing capacity and is particularly suitable for clinical biomarker studies. However, DIA-based quantification of clinical plasma samples is a daunting task due to the high complexity of clinical plasma samples, the diversity of peptides within the samples, and the high biologic dynamic range of plasma proteins.

Evaluation of a novel saliva-based epidermal growth factor receptor mutation detection for lung cancer: A pilot study.

Background: This article describes a pilot study evaluating a novel liquid biopsy system for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. The electric field-induced release and measurement (EFIRM) method utilizes an electrochemical biosensor for detecting oncogenic mutations in biofluids.

Methods: Saliva and plasma of 17 patients were collected from three cancer centers prior to and after surgical resection.

Epigenome-Wide Tumor DNA Methylation Profiling Identifies Novel Prognostic Biomarkers of Metastatic-Lethal Progression in Men Diagnosed with Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer.

Purpose: Aside from Gleason sum, few factors accurately identify the subset of prostate cancer patients at high risk for metastatic progression. We hypothesized that epigenetic alterations could distinguish prostate tumors with life-threatening potential.

Experimental Design: Epigenome-wide DNA methylation profiling was performed in surgically resected primary tumor tissues from a population-based (n = 430) and a replication (n = 80) cohort of prostate cancer patients followed prospectively for at least 5 years.

MAPRE1 as a plasma biomarker for early-stage colorectal cancer and adenomas.

Blood-based biomarkers for early detection of colorectal cancer could complement current approaches to colorectal cancer screening. We previously identified the APC-binding protein MAPRE1 as a potential colorectal cancer biomarker. Here, we undertook a case-control validation study to determine the performance of MAPRE1 in detecting early colorectal cancer and colon adenoma and to assess the potential relevance of additional biomarker candidates.

Equivalent input produces different output in the UniFrac significance test.

Background: UniFrac is a well-known tool for comparing microbial communities and assessing statistically significant differences between communities. In this paper we identify a discrepancy in the UniFrac methodology that causes semantically equivalent inputs to produce different outputs in tests of statistical significance.

Results: The phylogenetic trees that are input into UniFrac may or may not contain abundance counts.