[Application of microbublle-enhanced ultrasound in preoperative mapping of perforators in supraclavicular artery based flaps].

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of microbubble-enhanced ultrasound (MEUS) for detecting perforators preoperatively in supraclavicular flap surgery.

Methods: From May 2009 to October 2013, there were 20 patients (26 flaps were involved) who planned to undergo supraclavicular artery based flap surgeries to recover the large-area defects in head and neck. The MEUS together with regular color Doppler ultrasound ( CDUS) were conducted preoperatively to determine the anatomical features of perforators branching from supraclavicular arteries (SCA).

Association between childhood exposure to single general anesthesia and neurodevelopment: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort study.

Objective: Many studies have been done to seek the relationship between general anesthesia and neurodevelopment in pediatrics. However, there is no unified conclusion, especially single anesthesia affecting a child before 3 and 4 years. The association between anesthesia and neurodevelopment is studied using a meta-analysis.

Strategies for customized neck reconstruction based on the pre-expanded superficial cervical artery flap.

Background: It is still highly challenging to restore the esthetic neck contour for postburn deformities. In many patients with burns, the back skin remains intact, which is a useful donor site for extensive contracture release. As the main technique, the refinement of the pre-expanded superficial cervical artery (SCA) flaps may improve its application in diverse neck contractures.

Orientated Guidance of Peripheral Nerve Regeneration Using Conduits with a Microtube Array Sheet (MTAS).

Material surface topography has been shown to affect the biological behavior of cells in vitro; however, the in vivo effect on peripheral nerve regeneration has not been explored. Here, we studied the potential of a microtube array sheet (MTAS) with a unique longitudinal surface topography to promote peripheral nerve regeneration efficiency, both in vivo and in vitro. Schwann cells, spinal cord motor neurons, and dorsal root ganglion neurons were seeded on the MTAS to study the effect of the construct on the biological properties and behaviors of neural cells.

Enhanced endothelial progenitor cell mobilization and function through direct manipulation of hypoxia inducible factor-1α.

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play a significant role in physiological and pathological hypoxia resistance and neovascularization processes. The ability to mobilize EPCs from bone marrow usually indicates a prognostic endpoint of several vascular diseases. Thus, it is of great value to study possible approaches for activating functional EPCs.

Mini-temporalis transposition: a less invasive procedure of smile restoration for long-standing incomplete facial paralysis.

Facial paralysis is a common craniofacial deformity that is responsible for significant psychological and functional impairment. Free muscle transfer in 2 stages and latissimus dorsi transfer in one stage may be the most effective surgical procedure for achieving a symmetrical spontaneous smile for a patient with complete facial paralysis. However, these 2 procedures are unsuitable for many incomplete patients.

An updated review of mechanotransduction in skin disorders: transcriptional regulators, ion channels, and microRNAs.

Introduction: The skin is constantly exposed and responds to a wide range of biomechanical cues. The mechanobiology of skin has already been known and applied by clinicians long before the fundamental molecular mechanisms of mechanotransduction are elucidated.

Materials And Methods: Despite increasing knowledge on the mediators of biomechanical signaling such as mitogen-associated protein kinases, Rho GTPases or FAK-ERK pathways, the key elements of mechano-responses transcription factors, and mechano-sensors remain unclear.

Hybrid luminescence materials assembled by [Ln(DPA)3](3-) and mesoporous host through ion-pairing interactions with high quantum efficiencies and long lifetimes.

A kind of mesoporous hybrid luminescence material was assembled through the ion exchange method between [Ln(DPA)3](3-) and ionic liquid functionalized SBA-15. [Ln(DPA)3](3-) was successfully anchored onto positive-charge modified SBA-15 by the strong electrostatic interaction. In [Ln(DPA)3](3-), Ln(3+) ions are in 9-fold coordination through six oxygen atoms of carboxyl groups and three nitrogen atoms of pyridine units, leaving no coordination site for water molecules.

Desferrioxamine: a practical method for improving neovascularization of prefabricated flaps.

Background: Prefabricated flaps are an ideal alternative to repair massive and complex tissue defects. Nevertheless, the risk of necrosis due to unpredictable blood supplies is a major obstacle to the application of prefabricated flaps. The survival of a prefabricated flap depends on the neovascularization between the vascular carrier and the donor tissue.

Prolonging the duration of masseter muscle reduction by adjusting the masticatory movements after the treatment of masseter muscle hypertrophy with botulinum toxin type a injection.

Background: Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) is widely used for the clinical treatment of masseteric hypertrophy. Until now, few reports have discussed how to prolong the duration of its effectiveness.

Objective: This study evaluated that purposely adjusting the masticatory movements is possible of postponing the masseter muscle rehypertrophy.

DFO enhances the targeting of CD34-positive cells and improves neovascularization.

Desferrioxamine (DFO), an iron chelator, mimicked hypoxia by inhibiting HIF-1α degradation and upregulated angiogenic factors. In this experiment, we elucidated the effect of DFO on CD34-positive cell migration and neovascularization. CD34-positive cells were cultured in media with DFO or an inhibitor and subjected to in vitro tubule formation and the expression of factors.

Tanshinon IIA injection accelerates tissue expansion by reducing the formation of the fibrous capsule.

The tissue expansion technique has been applied to obtain new skin tissue to repair large defects in clinical practice. The implantation of tissue expander could initiate a host response to foreign body (FBR), which leads to fibrotic encapsulation around the expander and prolongs the period of tissue expansion. Tanshinon IIA (Tan IIA) has been shown to have anti-inflammation and immunoregulation effect.

Masseter-to-facial nerve transfer: a highly effective technique for facial reanimation after acoustic neuroma resection.

Background: Masseter-to-facial nerve transfer is a new procedure for patients who acquire a proximal injury to the facial nerve. This article reports that this procedure is effective and associated with minimal morbidities.

Methods: From November 2010 to February 2013, 16 patients underwent a masseter-to-facial nerve transfer.

Classification of masseter hypertrophy for tailored botulinum toxin type A treatment.

Background: Botulinum toxin type A has been increasingly used to improve the lower face contour in masseter hypertrophy. Different dosages and injection techniques are suggested in the literature, but the ideal approach remains unclear. This study aimed to establish an objective masseter classification method for a personalized botulinum toxin type A injection protocol.

Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate prolongs the survival of skin allografts by inhibiting inflammatory cell infiltration and T cell proliferation.

Acute rejection is a major problem for allograft transplantation in the clinic. Classic immunosuppressive drug therapy is accompanied by a variety of side effects. Therefore, safe and effective immunosuppressive drugs remain in demand.

Resurfacing severe facial burn scars: an algorithm based on three different types of prefabricated expanded flaps.

Background: In the reconstruction of facial burn scars, large, thin, color-matching flaps are desirable due to aesthetic and functional demands. There have been many reports using prefabricated flaps to resurface facial skin lesions. However, an algorithm to select the most suitable treatment option for the individual patient is lacking.

Internal Mammary Artery Perforator-Supercharged Prefabricated Cervicothoracic Flap for Face and Neck Reconstruction.

Background: Prefabricated flap is an important technique to reconstruct massive face and neck skin defects. But its vascularization remains unpredictable and often leads to abnormal blood supply of the harvested flap, even necrosis. Flap supercharging and turbo supercharging techniques are effectively used to improve flap blood supply.