Excellent capacitive performance of a three-dimensional hierarchical porous graphene/carbon composite with a superhigh surface area.

Three-dimensional hierarchical porous graphene/carbon composite was successfully synthesized from a solution of graphene oxide and a phenolic resin by using a facile and efficient method. The morphology, structure, and surface property of the composite were investigated intensively by a variety of means such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), N2 adsorption, Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). It is found that graphene serves as a scaffold to form a hierarchical pore texture in the composite, resulting in its superhigh surface area of 2034 m(2) g(-1), thin macropore wall, and high conductivity (152 S m(-1)).

[Genome-scale sequence data processing and epigenetic analysis of DNA methylation].

A new approach recently developed for detecting cytosine DNA methylation (mC) and analyzing the genome-scale DNA methylation profiling, is called BS-Seq which is based on bisulfite conversion of genomic DNA combined with next-generation sequencing. The method can not only provide an insight into the difference of genome-scale DNA methylation among different organisms, but also reveal the conservation of DNA methylation in all contexts and nucleotide preference for different genomic regions, including genes, exons, and repetitive DNA sequences. It will be helpful to under-stand the epigenetic impacts of cytosine DNA methylation on the regulation of gene expression and maintaining silence of repetitive sequences, such as transposable elements.

Fine mapping and candidate gene prediction of the photoperiod and thermo-sensitive genic male sterile gene pms1(t) in rice.

Pei'ai64S, an indica sterile variety with photoperiod and thermo-sensitive genic male sterile (PTGMS) genes, has been widely exploited for commercial seed production for "two-line" hybrid rice in China. One PTGMS gene from Pei'ai64S, pms1(t), was mapped by a strategy of bulked-extreme and recessive-class approach with simple sequence repeat (SSR) and insert and deletion (In-Del) markers. Using linkage analysis for the F(2) mapping population consisting of 320 completely male sterile individuals derived from a cross between Pei'ai64S and 93-11 (indica restorer) lines, the pms1(t) gene was delimited to the region between the RM21242 (0.

Transgenic Brassica chinensis plants expressing a bacterial codA gene exhibit enhanced tolerance to extreme temperature and high salinity.

Transgenic Brassica compestris L. spp. chinensis plants expressing a choline oxidase (codA) gene from Arthrobacter globiformis were obtained through Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation.

Genome sequencing and identification of gene function in rice.

Rice is known to be one of the most important crops for human consumption. As the model cereal crop, large-scale sequencing of rice genome must play quite important roles both in theoretical research and practical application in rice breeding, which announces the opening of another new way to resolve the world food crisis. At present, the emphasis of rice genome research has been transferred from structure genomics to functional analysis.

[Gene cloning and structure characterization of CMS/Rf system in plants].

It has achieved great success in plant heterosis by using cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restorer (CMS/Rf) system. In order to elucidate the action mechanism of Rf gene in this system, many researchers have been contributing themselves to map and clone fertility restorer genes in recent years. Four Rf genes were recently cloned successfully.

[Genomic analysis of serine carboxypeptidase-like protein family of Arabidopsis thaliana].

Based on hidden Markov models (HMM), the paper utilized reported SCP (Serine Carboxypeptidases) protein sequences as datasets to build HMM profile. To search Arabidopsis thaliana whole proteome,and identified 54 SCPL (Serine Carboxypeptidase-Like) proteins coding genes. The intron-exon structure, the chromosome mapping and the characteristic of coded protein sequences of those 54 putative genes were analyzed in details, revealing seven gene clusters probably resulted from recent gene duplication.

[Comparison study on the methods for finding borders between coding and non-coding DNA regions in rice].

Entropy-based divergence measures have provided an impelling tool in evaluating sequence complexity, predicting CpG island, and detecting borders between coding and non-coding DNA regions etc. In this paper, two new divergence measures: the alpha-KL divergence and the alpha-Jensen-Shannon divergence were defined and a coarse-graining vector of amino acids- corresponding codons was proposed according to codons GC-content, in order to improve the computational approach to finding borders between coding and non-coding in rice. A comparison of the accuracies gained by different vectors (the Jensen-Shannon divergence, the Jensen-Renyi divergence, the alpha-KL divergence and the alpha-Jensen -Shannon divergence) showed that recognition efficiency based on the new information measures with the vector coarse-graining increase by 4-5 times than that of Bernaola's method in the 'stop codon' of coding regions in rice.

[Comparative phylogenetic analysis of the rice and Arabidopsis PHD-finger proteins].

PHD-finger (plant homeodomain finger), a unique Cys4-His-Cys3 pattern zinc-containing domain, is widely found in many transcriptional regulation proteins from plants or animals. This protein has many different family members distributing in plant or animal proteome,and plays key roles in the development. Here, we identified 44 different putative PHD-finger proteins in the rice (Oryza sativa) genome and performed a phylogenetic analysis with 45 Arabidopsis thaliana proteins.

[Mapping by molecular markers showing segregation distortion].

The comparative analysis of segregation distortions of the codominant markers data presented in software MAPMAKER are made, where five RFLPs markers involve in a mouse F2 population with 333 individuals. The successive chi(2) test begins with the determinations of gametic or zygotic selection types, followed by the estimation of recombination fractions between two markers with the Newton-Raphson iteration method. It is better to use the molecular marker showing segregation distortion for constructing a genetic map, in the case of seriously skew segregation between both the adjoining markers.

[Physiological and genetic analysis of lesion resembling disease mutants (lrd) of Oryza sativa L].

Ten indica rice and eight japonica rice mutants with lesion resembling disease (lrd27-44) were obtained by gamma-ray mutagenesis of the whole genomes. These mutants exhibited diverse lesion mimic phenotypes under different growth environments, could be accordingly classified two types, sensitive and insensitive to environments. Basing on difference in development of lesion mimics, they can be divided into three categories: whole life lesion mimics (WLLM), vegetative initiation lesion mimics (VILM), and reproductive initiation lesion mimics (RILM).

[The structure and regulation of plant proteinase inhibitor genes and their strategy in pest control].

The diverse plant proteinase inhibitors (PIs) genes from different plant species have been isolated and their products with one or more genes are targeted at different biochemical and physiological process with the insect, and well played a potent defensive role against insects and pathogens. The use of recombinant PIs and synergistic activation to protect plants has been incorporated in integrated pest management program. Though they may not replace the use of chemical pesticides in the near future, but effectively complement it.

[Synonymous codon usage bias in the rice cultivar 93-11 (Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica)].

By using the whole genome sequences and EST data from the indica rice cultivar 93-11, a detailed relative analysis is made of the effect of some impact factors on synonymous codon usage. The results showed that the gene expression level assessed by mRNA abundance is positive relative to the "codon adaptation index" (CAI, 0.227**), and "codon preference parameter" (CPP, 0.

Cloning and Sequencing of the Genome Segment S9 of Rice Black-streaked Dwarf Virus.

Genome segment S9's of rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) of three Chinese isolates were amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced, and were found to be consisted of 1 900 nt (RBSDV-Zj S9 EMBL accession number AJ297430),1 898 nt (RBSDV-Heb S9 EMBL accession number AJ297429) and 1 900 nt (RBSDV-Hub S9 EMBL accession number AJ291706), respectively. Genome segment S9's of three Chinese Isolates shared 98.5%--98.