Preparation of Rare Dehydrated Protopanaxadiol Ginsenosides from Leaves by Confined Microwave-Driven Transformation.

Rare dehydrated ginsenosides barely exist in natural ginseng plants. Herein, the confined microwave technique was utilized to transform the main ginsenosides of leaves (PNL) into dehydrated ginsenosides. The main microwave-treated products of dried PNL are dehydrated ginsenoside Rk1, Rg5, notoginsenoside SFt3, and SFt4.

Encoding and display technologies for combinatorial libraries in drug discovery: The coming of age from biology to therapy.

Drug discovery is a sophisticated process that incorporates scientific innovations and cutting-edge technologies. Compared to traditional bioactivity-based screening methods, encoding and display technologies for combinatorial libraries have recently advanced from proof-of-principle experiments to promising tools for pharmaceutical hit discovery due to their high screening efficiency, throughput, and resource minimization. This review systematically summarizes the development history, typology, and prospective applications of encoding and displayed technologies, including phage display, ribosomal display, mRNA display, yeast cell display, one-bead one-compound, DNA-encoded, peptide nucleic acid-encoded, and new peptide-encoded technologies, and examples of preclinical and clinical translation.

OGG1: An emerging multifunctional therapeutic target for the treatment of diseases caused by oxidative DNA damage.

Oxidative DNA damage-related diseases, such as incurable inflammation, malignant tumors, and age-related disorders, present significant challenges in modern medicine due to their complex molecular mechanisms and limitations in identifying effective treatment targets. Recently, 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1) has emerged as a promising multifunctional therapeutic target for the treatment of these challenging diseases. In this review, we systematically summarize the multiple functions and mechanisms of OGG1, including pro-inflammatory, tumorigenic, and aging regulatory mechanisms.

A Biomimetic Multifunctional Nanoframework for Symptom Relief and Restorative Treatment of Acute Liver Failure.

Acute liver failure (ALF) is a rare and serious condition characterized by major hepatocyte death and liver dysfunction. Owing to the limited therapeutic options, this disease generally has a poor prognosis and a high mortality rate. When ALF cannot be reversed by medications, liver transplantation is often needed.

Mechanical properties of trabeculae and osteocyte morphology change significantly in different areas of the necrotic femoral head.

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head is a complex hip ailment. The precise changes in bone tissue during the disease's onset remain unclear. It is vital to assess both the quantity and quality of the trabecular state in a necrotic femoral head.

Limonoids from the roots of Melia azedarach and their anti-inflammatory activity.

Twelve undescribed limonoids, meliazedarines J-U (1-12), along with a known one, were isolated from the roots of Melia azedarach. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic investigations, X-ray diffraction analyses, and ECD calculations. Compounds 1-8 were identified as ring intact limonoids, while compounds 9-12 were established as ring C-seco ones.

Total saponins from Panax japonicus attenuate acute alcoholic liver oxidative stress and hepatosteatosis by p62-related Nrf2 pathway and AMPK-ACC/PPARα axis in vivo and in vitro.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Panax japonicus (T. Nees) C.A.

Germacrane-type sesquiterpenoids from the flowers of Chrysanthemum indicum with hepatoprotective activity.

Two new germacrane-type sesquiterpenoids, chrysanthemolides A (1) and B (2), and four known germacrane-type sesquiterpenoids, hanphyllin (3), 3β-hydroxy-11α,13-dihydro-costunolide (4), costunolide (5), and 6,7-dimethylmethylene-4-aldehyde-1β-hydroxy-10(15)-ene-(4Z)-dicyclodecylene (6), were isolated and identified from the flowers of Chrysanthemum indicum. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated via high resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS), 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra and electronic circular dichroism (ECD). Meanwhile, all the isolates were tested for their hepatoprotective activity in tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) injured AML12 cells.

Rational Design of Covalent Kinase Inhibitors by an Integrated Computational Workflow (Kin-Cov).

Covalent kinase inhibitors (CKIs) hold great promise for drug development. However, examples of computationally guided design of CKIs are still scarce. Here, we present an integrated computational workflow (Kin-Cov) for rational design of CKIs.

Microalgae Microneedle Supplies Oxygen for Antiphotoaging Treatment.

UV exposure often triggers photoaging of the skin. Pharmacological treatment suffers from severe side effects as well as poor efficacy because of insufficient skin penetration. Dissolved oxygen has been previously shown to reverse photoaged skin; however, the treatment is often limited by the availability of equipment (e.

Triterpenoids from the fruits of Melia azedarach L. and their cytotoxic activities.

Eleven undescribed tetracyclic triterpenoids, meliazedarachins A-K, along with twenty-six known compounds were isolated from the fruits of Melia azedarach L.. Their structures were determined by HRESIMS, UV, IR, NMR, X-ray diffraction, electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra, and the modified Mosher's method.

Combining frog-leg lateral view may serve as a more sensitive X-ray position in monitoring collapse in osteonecrosis of the femoral head.

Load-bearing capacity of the bone structures of anterolateral weight-bearing area plays an important role in the progressive collapse in osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). The purpose of this study is to assess the efficacy of combined evaluation of anteroposterior (AP) and frog-leg lateral (FLL) view in diagnosing collapse. Between December 2016 and August 2018, a total of 478 hips from 372 patients with ONFH (268 male, 104 female; mean age 37.

Corrigendum: The Therapeutic Effect of Huo Xue Tong Luo Capsules in Association Research Circulation Osseous (ARCO) Stage II Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head: A Clinical Study With an Average Follow-up Period of 7.95 Years.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.

The Therapeutic Effect of Huo Xue Tong Luo Capsules in Association Research Circulation Osseous (ARCO) Stage II Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head: A Clinical Study With an Average Follow-up Period of 7.95 Years.

Huo Xue Tong Luo (HXTL) capsules are an oral preparation that could relieve pain and ameliorate osteonecrosis in patients with asymptomatic osteonecrosis of femoral head (ONFH). We wanted to verify whether it could be a treatment option for ARCO stage II ONFH. A total of 44 patients (66 hips) with ARCO stage II ONFH were recruited from June 1996 to October 2013 (clinical trial registry number: ChiCTR-RPC-15006,290).

Discovery of Three New Monoterpenoid Indole Alkaloids from the Leaves of and Their Vasorelaxant and AChE Inhibitory Activities.

Three novel monoterpenoid indole alkaloids gardflorine A (), gardflorine B (), and gardflorine C () were isolated from the leaves of . Their structures, including absolute configurations, were established on the basis of spectroscopic methods (MS, UV, IR, 1D and 2D NMR) and circular dichroism experiments. All the compounds were evaluated for their vasorelaxant and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activities.

Biflavonoids from the twigs and leaves of Mast. and their -glucosidase inhibitory activity.

Three new biflavonoids, umcephabiovins C - E (), along with fourteen known compounds were isolated from the twigs and leaves of . Their structures and configurations were elucidated by UV, IR, NMR, ECD, and HR-ESI-MS spectra. Compounds exhibited significant -glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC values of 7.

Honokiol: A naturally occurring lignan with pleiotropic bioactivities.

Honokiol is the dominant biphenolic compound isolated from the Magnolia tree, and has long been considered as the active constituent of the traditional Chinese herb, 'Houpo', which is widely used to treat symptoms due to 'stagnation of qi'. Pharmacological studies have shown that honokiol possesses a wide range of bioactivities without obvious toxicity. Honokiol protects the liver, kidneys, nervous system, and cardiovascular system through reducing oxidative stress and relieving inflammation.

Synthesis of an AIEgen functionalized cucurbit[7]uril for subcellular bioimaging and synergistic photodynamic therapy and supramolecular chemotherapy.

Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) based fluorophores (AIEgens) have attracted increasing attention for biomedical applications due to their unique optical properties. Here we report an AIE photosensitizer functionalized CB[7], namely AIECB[7], which could spontaneously self-assemble into nanoaggregates in aqueous solutions. Interestingly, the carbonyl-lace of CB[7] may potentially act as a proton acceptor in an acidic environment to fine-tune the fluorescence and singlet oxygen generation of AIECB[7] nanoaggregates by regulating the inner stacking of AIEgens.

Cucurbit[8]uril-based supramolecular hydrogels for biomedical applications.

As a member of the cucurbit[]uril family (where denotes the number of glycoluril units), cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) possesses a large cavity volume and is able to accommodate two guests simultaneously. Therefore, CB[8] has been adapted as a dynamic noncovalent crosslinker to form various supramolecular hydrogels. These CB[8]-based hydrogels have been investigated for various biomedical applications due to their good biocompatibility and dynamic properties afforded by host-guest interactions.

Reciprocal Regulation between Fur and Two RyhB Homologs in , and Roles of RyhBs in Biofilm Formation.

Objective: To investigate reciprocal regulation between Fur and two RyhB homologs in ( ), as well as the roles of RyhBs in biofilm formation.

Methods: Regulatory relationships were assessed by a combination of colony morphology assay, primer extension, electrophoretic mobility shift assay and DNase I footprinting.

Results: Fur bound to the promoter-proximal DNA regions of and to repress their transcription, while both RyhB1 and RyhB2 repressed the expression of Fur at the post-transcriptional level.

[Effects of Biochar and Straw on Soil NO Emission from a Wheat Maize Rotation System].

The effects of biochar and straw return on soil NO emissions were studied in the winter wheat-summer maize rotation system of intensively farmed land in North China to provide a theoretical basis for NO emission reduction and the efficient straw utilization. The experiment included the following four treatments:① Control (CK); ② Biochar application at a rate of 9.0 t·(hm·a) (C); ③ Straw return (SR); and ④ Straw return plus biochar application at a rate of 9.

Supramolecular nanomedicine for selective cancer therapy sequential responsiveness to reactive oxygen species and glutathione.

Cancer cells are generally immersed in an oxidative stress environment with a high intracellular reduction level. Thus, nanocarriers with sequential responsiveness to oxidative and reductive species, matching the traits of high oxidation in the tumor tissue microenvironment and high reduction potential inside cancer cells, are highly desired for specific cancer therapy. Herein, we report a supramolecular nanomedicine comprised of a reduction-responsive nanoparticle (NP) core whose surface was modified by an oxidation-responsive polyethylene glycol (PEG) derivative via strong host-guest interactions.

Bioactive Limonoids and Triterpenoids from the Fruits of .

Nine new limonoids, meliazedarines A-I (-), seven known analogues (-), and five known triterpenoids (-) were isolated from the fruits of . Their structures were determined by analysis of 1D and 2D NMR, HRESIMS, X-ray diffraction, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) data. Compound showed significant cytotoxicity against the HCT116 cell line with IC values of 0.

Finite element modeling of proximal femur with quantifiable weight-bearing area in standing position.

Background: The positional distribution and size of the weight-bearing area of the femoral head in the standing position as well as the direct active surface of joint force can directly affect the result of finite element (FE) stress analysis. However, the division of this area was vague, imprecise, and un-individualized in most studies related to separate FE models of the femur. The purpose of this study was to quantify the positional distribution and size of the weight-bearing area of the femoral head in standing position by a set of simple methods, to realize individualized reconstruction of the proximal femur FE model.