Divergence in flowering time is a major component contributing to reproductive isolation between two wild rice species (Oryza rufipogon and O. nivara).

It is of critical importance for our understanding of speciation process to determine the forms of reproductive isolation and their relative importance in species divergence. Oryza nivara and O. rufipogon are direct ancestors of Asian cultivated rice and a progenitor-daughter species pair.

Expression of Innate Immunity Genes in Epithelial Cells of Hypertrophic Adenoids with and without Pediatric Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Preliminary Report.

Background: Adenoid hypertrophy (AH) is associated with pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis (pCRS), but its role in the inflammatory process of pCRS is unclear. It is thought that innate immunity gene expression is disrupted in the epithelium of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), including antimicrobial peptides and pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). The aim of this preliminary study was to detect the expression of innate immunity genes in epithelial cells of hypertrophic adenoids with and without pCRS to better understand their role in pCRS.

Clinical classification and treatment of leukokeratosis of the vocal cords.

Background: Leukokeratosis of the vocal cords is a clinical descriptive diagnosis, which includes a group of squamous intraepithelial lesions of the vocal cord mucosa. We investigated the clinical classification and treatment efficacy of leukokeratosis of the vocal cords.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of the medical history, laryngoscopic examinations, morphological features under a surgical microscope, and pathology results of 360 cases of leukokeratosis of the vocal cords to examine correlations among treatment modalities, therapeutic effects, and clinical features.

[Clinical classification and management of squamous intraepithelial lesions of the vocal cord].

Objective: To discuss the clinical classification of the squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) of vocal cord and their outcomes after different therapeutic procedures.

Methods: Three hundred and forty-three patients with the SILs of vocal cord were enrolled. Based on the history of the diseases, macroscopic appearance by video rhino aryngoscopic, stroboscopic and microlaryngoscopic examination, and pathological findings, the correlation of clinical features, treatment modalities and treatment effect of the vocal cord SILs were discussed.

Risk factors of juvenile onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis in the lower respiratory tract.

Background: Juvenile onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (JORRP) is a relatively rare disease. It affects the larynx in most cases. Because reports on JORRP to the lower respiratory tract (LRT) are few, we investigated clinical features of patients with a history of JORRP to analyze the risk factors of this disease.

Domestication and geographic origin of Oryza sativa in China: insights from multilocus analysis of nucleotide variation of O. sativa and O. rufipogon.

Previous studies have indicated that China is one of the domestication centres of Asian cultivated rice (Oryza sativa), and common wild rice (O. rufipogon) is the progenitor of O. sativa.

[Strategy of surgical management of juvenile on-set recurrent respiratory papillomatosis with trachea or bronchia involvement.].

Objective: To investigate the strategy of surgical management of juvenile on-set recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (JORRP) with trachea/bronchia involvement so as to decrease the complications of the surgery.

Methods: Twenty four JORRP patients undergone surgery in Beijing Tongren Hospital were studied between January 2006 and February 2009. All of them had JORRP with trachea/bronchia involvement.

[Use of endoscopic placement of laryngeal stent combined with mucosal suturing of vocal fold for the treatment of laryngeal web].

Objective: To investigate the effects of laryngeal stent combined with vocal fold mucosal suture for treating laryngeal web.

Methods: A retrospective study performed, 21 laryngeal web cases were included in this study. The web causes were previous vocal fold surgery for benign lesions in 8 cases, previous laryngeal surgery for recurrent papilloma in 6 cases, laryngeal trauma in 6 cases, and congenital web in 1 case.

[Endoscopic frontal sinus surgery through agger nasi cell approach].

Objective: To evaluate the access to the frontal recess by identifying the agger nasi cell and uncinate process.

Methods: Forty-seven patients (85 sides) who underwent endoscopic frontal sinus surgery in our department constituted the study population. Computed tomographic (CT) scans of the sinuses were obtained in coronal and axial views.